SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Visual Field Tests”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

The characteristics of static visual fields in children with psychogenic visual disturbances.

PURPOSE: It is well-known that patients with psychogenic visual disturbances (PVD) exhibit characteristic kinetic visual fields. Even when the kinetic fields are normalized, the static fields of PVD children frequently remain abnormal. To verify this finding, we performed static perimetry on those children whose kinetic fields were initially normal or which normalized during the follow-up period, and compared the results with those of children with psychosomatic disorders (PSD) and normal children. METHODS: We examined 9 PVD children (17 eyes), 16 PSD children (32 eyes), and 16 normal children (16 eyes). Program 30-2 or 24-2 of the Humphrey Field Analyzer was used in the examinations on all subjects. RESULTS: The average mean deviation (MD) of the PVD group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P <. 01). False negative errors and short-term fluctuations were significantly higher in the PVD group than in the other groups (P <. 05). CONCLUSION: Although PVD and PSD children possess a similar underlying psychological dysfunction, their performances in visual field testing proved to be quite different. In the PVD group, even when kinetic fields were normal, functional visual field loss in the static fields was common and had characteristic response properties.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Reducing noise in suspected glaucomatous visual fields by using a new spatial filter.

Visual field testing with automated perimetry is hampered by the amount of noise present in the readings. Here, we derive a physiologically accurate spatial filter to be applied to the data after patient examination. The filter was tested by a Virtual Eye computer simulation. By simulating series of stable fields it was shown that specificity of determining visual field changes was improved; while simulating progressing fields (based on a map of the optic nerve head) it was shown that sensitivity was also improved. The filter appears to reduce the noise in glaucomatous visual field data and may be clinically useful.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed1985

Testing of concentric visual field constriction by means of scotopic visually evoked potentials.

Using scotopic visually evoked potentials (VEP), an objective test of concentric absolute field defects is presented. At 0.8 log units above the mean VEP threshold, the full field, the central area of 50 degrees diameter, and the complementary peripheral field were flash stimulated. In 13 normal subjects the peripheral VEP response was larger in amplitude and shorter in latency compared to the central response. In four cases of concentric field restriction due to hysteria and malingering, the same results were found. In three cases of retinitis pigmentosa and advanced glaucoma, the peripheral VEP sensitivity was worse than the central one or no response could be found. The amount of stray light was estimated as the difference of the thresholds for central and peripheral stimulation (1.6 to 1.8 log units) in a patient with a residual central field of 20 degrees.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Psychophysical investigation of ganglion cell loss in early glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate ganglion cell loss in early glaucoma using a variety of psychophysical tests and to identify optimal perimetric technique(s) for detection of early glaucomatous visual function loss. METHODS: Five perimetric tests, short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), temporal modulation perimetry (TMP), frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDT), detection acuity perimetry (DAP), and resolution acuity perimetry (RAP) were compared in their ability to discriminate between normal individuals and patients with early glaucoma or glaucoma suspects. Comparisons were also made by their ability to produce repeatable defects. The tests examined different visual functions that are likely to be mediated by different retinal ganglion cell subpopulations, thereby permitting examination of hypotheses of ganglion cell death in early glaucoma. RESULTS: All visual field tests demonstrated high performance in separating glaucoma patients from normal individuals. SWAP, TMP, FDT, and DAP provided the greatest discrimination between normal individuals and high- and low-risk glaucoma suspects. However, SWAP, TMP, and FDT obtained better consistency across the various analysis approaches (global indices and pointwise) than DAP and RAP. Of all the test types, FDT exhibited the highest proportion of repeatable abnormal test locations, with poor confirmation rates achieved by DAP and RAP. CONCLUSION: The performance of SWAP, FDT, and TMP suggests that these test types may all be suitable for detection of early loss of visual function in glaucoma. Ganglion cell subpopulations with lower levels of redundancy and/or those with larger cell sizes offer the most parsimonious explanation for earliest ganglion cell losses occurring in glaucoma.

Cell Death↗

PubMed2003

Patterns of visual field defects in chronic angle-closure glaucoma with different disease severity.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the patterns of visual field defects in patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) with varying extent of optic nerve damage. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred forty-six Asian patients with well-controlled CACG. METHODS: Visual field tests were performed using program 24-2 of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (Humphrey Instruments, San Leandro, CA) with the Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm standard. One hundred ten eligible visual fields were scored with the system adopted by the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study and were categorized into 4 groups accordingly: mild, moderate, severe, and end-stage. Each hemifield was divided into the nasal, paracentral, and arcuate areas, and field loss that involved respective areas was defined as nasal step, paracentral scotoma, and arcuate scotoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution of field defect patterns in each group was evaluated. The mean deviation (MD) was compared among the 3 areas within one hemifield and between each pair of corresponding areas across the median raphe. RESULTS: The nasal area was the most commonly damaged area in the mild group, being noted in 52% of eyes in the superior hemifield and 58% of eyes in the inferior hemifield. In the moderate group, field loss involving both the nasal and arcuate areas dominated the superior hemifield, whereas field loss involving all three areas dominated the inferior hemifield. The MD of the nasal area was the worst among the three areas in each hemifield of the mild and moderate groups, as well as in the inferior hemifield of the severe group (all P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the MD of each area between the superior hemifield and their inferior counterparts. However, the superior hemifield as a whole showed a better MD than the inferior hemifield (P=0.034) in the mild group. CONCLUSIONS: Visual field loss that involved the nasal area was the most common pattern in the early stage of CACG. The MD of the nasal area was worse than those of the arcuate and the paracentral areas within the same hemifield in the mild, moderate, and severe groups of CACG patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Gradual painless visual loss: chronic optic neuropathies.

The clinician must be the ultimate medical detective when dealing with chronic optic neuropathies. History taking is crucial. Clinical examination may require supplementation with visual field testing, fluorescein angiography, ocular and orbital ultrasound imaging, CT and MR imaging, blood test data, and cerebrospinal fluid or tissue biopsy data to determine the specific diagnosis. This supplementation is labor-intensive and time-consuming; the visual loss usually will progress throughout the process, frustrating and frightening the patient and physician. The final common pathway is gradual optic atrophy; the appearance of the optic nerve is rarely adequate to determine the cause of the visual loss. This article includes tables that review diagnostic aids and therapies, and lists the frequency with which several disease entities were encountered over 15 years in one tertiary care neuro-ophthalmic practice. If a specific cause is discernible, then a specific therapy may be available. This approach has the best chance of saving the patient's vision with the least toxicity caused by erroneous trials. By necessity, the work-up for these patients is expensive, but the cost of not pursuing the cause is irrevocable, permanent blindness.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[The correlation between changes of static central visual fields and posterior polar lesions in high myopia].

The static central visual fields tested by an Octopus Field Analyzer and posterior polar lesions in 53 cases with high myopia were investigated. Cases with low and moderate degrees of myopia were the controls. The results demonstrate that the visual field defects are present in the high myopic eyes and they are related to the degree of high myopia, the age of the patient and the severity of the posterior polar lesion. The visual field defects present multiform and multilevel in character and they do not completely correspond to the fundus lesions. The appearance of central relative scotomata in high myopic eyes detected by a quantified automated perimeter is prior to the appearance of macular lesions seen under an ophthalmoscope. Therefore, the quantified automated central visual field examination is helpful to the early diagnosis of macular disease in high myopia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Visual field loss following blunt ocular trauma.

14 patients (14 eyes) who sustained hyphema after blunt ocular trauma underwent visual field testing on a Humphrey field analyzer. The severity of field defects based on mean deviation (MD) and corrected-pattern standard deviation (CPSD) p values was correlated with age, presence of hyphema and the extent of angle recession. Over 60% of eyes with blunt ocular trauma suffer from a significant visual field loss (MD < 5%). There was no correlation between severity of field defects and the extent of hyphema or the angle recession. MD p values were found to be associated with older group, but not CPSD p values.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Visual field and retinal nerve fibre layer in early glaucoma after optic disc haemorrhage.

Computerized visual field testing with the Competer automatic perimeter including automatic profile perimetry revealed early glaucomatous field loss in 9 of 10 eyes with photographically demonstrable retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects after optic disc haemorrhages despite the fact than conventional routine perimetry had failed to do so. In 7 of these cases the Competer central pattern test was abnormal; in 2 cases field defects could be shown only when automatic high-resolution static profile perimetry was performed and directed according to the information present in wide-angle RNFL photographs. A field defect was also found in one of five eyes with no photographic RNFL changes. Visual field defects seem to occur in a higher proportion of cases with RNFL defects than was previously thought, but they can be very subtle and hard to find. There are, however, cases where in spite of the presence of an indisputable RNFL defect no visual field defects can be shown even with painstaking technique and conversely field defects may be present without RNFL defects. Automatic perimetry and RNFL photography complement each other in early detection and quantitation of glaucomatous damage.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Automated static perimetry as a screening method for evaluation of retinal perfusion in diabetic retinopathy.

The aim of our study was firstly to assess whether areas of capillary non-perfusion in diabetic retinopathy are associated with reduction of retinal light sensitivity and secondly to assess whether automated perimetry can serve as a screening method for evaluation of retinal perfusion. 32 eyes with diabetic retinopathy and 30 eyes of controls underwent visual field testing on the 30-2 program of the Humphrey field analyser and fluorescein angiography. The results are compared with the 'superimposition technique'. In 93.4% of our diabetic eyes (30 from 32) areas of capillary non-perfusion demonstrated by fluorescein angiography were associated with areas of reduced retinal sensitivity. The correlation between visual field defects and areas of reduced retinal perfusion was significant with probability more than 99% (P<0.01). In view of our findings we recommend automated static perimetry as a very sensitive method for evaluation of retinal perfusion in diabetic patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Interocular asymmetry of visual field defects in primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma.

AIM: To compare the interocular asymmetry in visual field loss of patients with primary open-angle (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS: Subjects entering a prospective, randomised, controlled trial of intraoperative 5-fluorouracil in glaucoma surgery in Singapore were included. Preoperative visual field testing was performed using automated white-on-white perimetry (24-2 test pattern, threshold program, Mk II, Model 750, Zeiss-Humphrey, San Leandro, CA, USA). A minimum of two tests were required with mean deviation within 2 dB on two tests, fixation losses <20%, false positives <33%, and false negatives <33%. The second field was scored using AGIS II criteria and the 'mean asymmetry score' defined as the mean difference between eyes for both AGIS scores and global indices. RESULTS: In 230 subjects assessed (128 POAG, 102 PACG), mean interocular asymmetry of visual field loss was greater for the PACG group. The mean AGIS asymmetry scores for total (PACG=9.21+/-6.87 vs POAG=6.48+/-5.58, P=0.001), superior (PACG=4.31+/-3.39 vs POAG=3.35+/-3.13, P=0.035), and inferior (PACG=4.43+/-3.31 vs POAG=2.64+/-2.77, P<0.0001) areas and mean deviation (MD) asymmetry scores (PACG=6.89+/-13.22 vs POAG=1.66+/-16.97, P=0.012) were all significantly different. Interocular correlation of visual field loss for POAG was significant; total AGIS, r=0.27 (P=0.003), superior field AGIS, r=0.24 (P=0.008), inferior field AGIS, r=0.34 (P=0.0001), and MD, r=0.27 (P=0.003). In PACG, there was no significant correlation between eyes; total AGIS, r=-0.02 (P=0.85), superior field AGIS, r=-0.02 (P=0.82), inferior field AGIS, r=-0.17 (P=0.87), and MD, r=0.015 (P=0.89). CONCLUSION: There was a greater asymmetry of visual field loss between eyes, as measured by AGIS scores and MD, in PACG than that in POAG.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

The learning and fatigue effect in automated perimetry.

A visual field test was performed on 100 volunteers to study learning or fatigue effects during one session. The test was carried out with the help of the Octopus program J1, which measures the threshold 12 times at 3 test locations. In the majority of cases the sensitivity was quite stable during the session. We noted no difference between trained and untrained subjects or between normal and pathological eyes. However, patients with refractive errors, especially myopes, revealed a larger learning effect than did emmetropes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Static threshold asymmetry in early glaucomatous visual field loss.

Ten normal subjects underwent static threshold visual field testing of both eyes with the Humphrey perimeter, with one eye tested twice. The mean sensitivity of the field seemed virtually identical in the two eyes, with the average difference between the right and left eyes (0.65 decibels [dB]) being no greater than the testing error as reflected in the difference between the same eye tested twice (0.7 dB). The authors provide the mathematical basis for recognizing that a right eye-left eye difference in mean sensitivity might be abnormal. Additional information is needed about the variance of the right eye-left eye difference in the population at large, but present information suggests that a 2-dB difference may be meaningful on a single examination. A 1.5-dB difference is statistically significant if confirmed on a second test, and a difference as small as 1 dB may be meaningful if shown consistently in a series of four examinations. In all cases, nonglaucomatous causes of field abnormality needs to be ruled out, and the generalized asymmetry is most meaningful if it is consistent with asymmetry of cupping or intraocular pressure. Several cases are reported in which a mild (1 dB) generalized depression of the visual field is the only recognizable abnormality in the visual field in eyes with early glaucoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy in a patient with graft-versus-host disease.

PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism of bilateral central vision loss in a patient with graft-versus-host disease. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: A 43-year-old man with graft-versus-host disease developed acute painless progressive central vision loss, first in the left eye and then in the right. The patient underwent slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, visual field testing, full-field electroretinography, multifocal electroretinography, and testing for paraneoplastic antibodies. RESULTS: Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography were unremarkable. Goldmann perimetry revealed enlarged blind spots with central scotomas bilaterally. An electroretinogram testing showed asymmetric retinal dysfunction, consistent with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. No paraneoplastic autoantibodies were detected. The patient continued to have asymmetric progressive vision loss that stabilized over the next 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Graft-versus-host disease should be included in the autoimmune conditions associated with AZOOR.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

Modern developments in clinical perimetry.

Recent developments in automated perimetry have emphasized the adaptation of specialized psychophysical procedures for visual field testing to measure visual properties other than the detection of light. In addition, many new methods to quantitatively analyze visual field data have been generated. These new developments are promising for enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of automated perimetry in patients with glaucoma and patients suspected of having glaucoma. A review of some of the most recent advances in automated perimetry are presented.

Glaucoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Representation of the visual field in the striate cortex: comparison of MR findings with visual field deficits in organic mercury poisoning (Minamata disease).

PURPOSE: To compare MR imaging findings of the striate cortex with visual field deficits in patients with Minamata disease and to reestimate the classical Holmes retinotopic map by using the data obtained from comparing visual field abnormalities with degree of visual cortex atrophy. METHODS: MR imaging was performed in eight patients with Minamata disease who had been given a full neuroophthalmic examination, including Goldmann dynamic perimetry. The atrophic portions of the calcarine area were measured in the sagittal plane next to the midsagittal image and represented as a percentage of atrophy of the total length of the calcarine fissure. MR findings were compared with results of a visual field test. RESULTS: The visual field test revealed moderate to severe concentric constriction of the visual fields, with central vision ranging from 7 degrees to 42 degrees (mean, 19 degrees). The ventral portion of the calcarine sulcus was significantly dilated on MR images in all patients. A logarithmic correlation was found between the visual field defect and the extent of dilatation of the calcarine fissure. The central 10 degrees and 30 degrees of vision seemed to fill about 20% and 50% of the total surface area of the calcarine cortex, respectively. CONCLUSION: Visual field deficits in patients with Minamata disease correlated well with MR findings of the striate cortex. Our data were consistent with the classical Holmes retinotopic map.

Atrophy↗

PubMed1986

Visual field area response to increased target intensity: a method of detecting ocular disease.

Application of computer digitizing methods to conventional kinetic visual field test data permits mathematical analysis of these data. In some cases this provides more information than is available by a simple inspection of the field charts. This is demonstrated by analysis of multiple isopter data for a patient with open-angle glaucoma and a patient with retinitis pigmentosa.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Intra- and interrater agreement with cumulative defect curves.

PURPOSE: To examine intra- and interrater agreement when analyzing cumulative defect curves. Cumulative defect (Bebié) curves provide a graphical representation of the visual field and allow a subjective classification of diffuse and localized loss. METHODS: We used 75 Humphrey 30-2 visual field tests, randomly chosen from a database of 782 fields of 113 patients with open-angle glaucoma. Cumulative defect curves were generated and randomly arranged into five sets, with each set containing the 75 curves in a unique sequence. Five raters (two experienced and three inexperienced) rated each set and classified each curve as showing diffuse loss, localized loss, both diffuse and localized loss, or no loss. The intra- and interrater agreement in rating the curves was then analyzed. RESULTS: Intrarater agreement ranged from 73.3-88.0% for perfect rater agreement, with 5 identical ratings. Agreement for experienced versus inexperienced raters gave similar results (means: 84.0% and 77.8%, respectively, for perfect agreement). Interrater agreement for each set, evaluated by the kappa statistic, was substantial for all 5 sets (0.65-0.71). Kappa values for each set were comparable for experienced and inexperienced raters (0.72-0.83 and 0.59-0.69 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Analyzing the nature of visual field loss using the cumulative defect curve is simple to learn and provides high intrarater agreement as well as substantial interrater agreement.

Glaucoma, Open-Angle↗