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At least 1,297 records · Page 72Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Empirical tests of the intrinsic pseudorandom number generator on IBM-compatible microcomputers.

This paper reports results of frequency and serial correlation tests, for 30 different seeds and two different seeding mechanisms (the RANDOMIZE statement and the RND function), of a Microsoft pseudorandom number generator available on IBM-compatible (and some IBM) microcomputers. The generator is shown to perform well on these screening tests, in comparison to previously reported results for the Microsoft generator available on IBM-PC microcomputers. However, the generator seeding mechanisms--the RANDOMIZE statement and the RND function--exhibit anomalies similar to those of the IBM-PC generator, and could result in seeding which is inconsistent with the desire of the user. Furthermore, the differences in the randomness characteristics of sequences of numbers generated by IBM and IBM-compatible microcomputers have serious implications regarding the true compatibility of the two types of microcomputers.

Mathematical Computing↗
PubMed1990

An application of the D-optimal criterion to define the experimental design for a particular class of semi-parametric models.

An updated version of the computer program EXCAD [1] allows the user to optimize experimental design to estimate parameters of particular semi-parametric models. The semi-parametric models take the general form of a function of time (t): Y(t) = NL (c(t,alpha),beta). The function NL(C(t,alpha),beta), is, in general, a non-linear transformation of a function, C(t,alpha), that in turn is the convolution of two others. One of these two functions is expressed in a non-parametric form, and is not of direct interest to the experimenter. The other is of direct interest: it is a parametric function depending on a set of parameters alpha. This semi-parametric model applies to numerous kinds of biological experiments, such as pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, physiological, circulatory flow experiments. This paper presents a new method for determining an optimal experimental design to estimate the parameters alpha and beta. The new approach adopts the D-optimal criterion, and is illustrated using real thiopental data.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Computer simulation of oral fluoride clearance.

The presence of fluoride in saliva and dental plaque is important for prevention of dental caries. The elimination of fluoride from the oral cavity after introduction of a fluoride containing agent is a complicated physiological process. This process was simulated with a Pascal program running under MS-DOS on IBM-compatible microcomputers. The program calculated the fluoride concentration in saliva as a function of time from several input parameters, the most important being the amount of fluoride, salivary stimulation due to the fluoride vehicle, resting salivary flow rate and volume factors. Furthermore, factors such as excretion of fluoride in the saliva following fluoride absorption in the intestinal tract were modeled. The fluoride concentration in dental plaque due to diffusion was also calculated. Output was directed to files which could be processed by a graphics interface. The results of the computations were very similar to findings in vivo.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

MacPROT: a set of BASIC programs for protein structure analysis.

MacPROT is a set of seven interactive application programs and a coordinating menu for storing, editing, and analysing protein sequences. Analyses for hydropathy, amphilicity, helix wheel, and dot matrix comparison are plotted as graphs on the screen and can be printed immediately or transferred to a picture accepting program. Programs are written in BASIC for the Apple 512 kbyte Macintosh. The source code is accessible and can be adapted to other machines.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

MIC-III--an integrated software package to support experiments using the radioactive microsphere technique.

MIC-III is a versatile program system to support gamma spectrometry data management and data collection for experiments using the radioactive microsphere technique. It is mainly written in PASCAL and running on a minicomputer. Hierarchical organ dissection schemes are used for unique classification and identification of samples. For each series of experiments, up to 12 different nuclides and up to 20 different organ dissection schemes can be handled simultaneously. Sample weights are collected on-line and sample radioactivities are measured automatically by gamma spectrometry under process control. The spectra with a resolution of 1022 channels are analyzed using a modified linear regression technique and a strategy to compensate for global spectrum shifts. The spectrum deconvolution algorithm was evaluated by calculating the recovery indices for known nuclide mixtures and compared to the stripping method, matrix method and a linear regression technique using window counts. Recovery values produced by MIC-III are better balanced than those of the other methods. MIC-III showed the smallest dispersion of the recovery index and exhibited least error accumulation in case of spectrum shift. MIC-III computes regional blood flow and arterio-venous shunt, and provides interfaces to customized programs or statistical software packages for further analysis. It has successfully been employed in more than 140 experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Parallel line analysis: multifunctional software for the biomedical sciences.

An easy to use, interactive FORTRAN program for analyzing the results of parallel line assays is described. The program is menu driven and consists of five major components: data entry, data editing, manual analysis, manual plotting, and automatic analysis and plotting. Data can be entered from the terminal or from previously created data files. The data editing portion of the program is used to inspect and modify data and to statistically identify outliers. The manual analysis component is used to test the assumptions necessary for parallel line assays using analysis of covariance techniques and to determine potency ratios with confidence limits. The manual plotting component provides a graphic display of the data on the terminal screen or on a standard line printer. The automatic portion runs through multiple analyses without operator input. Data may be saved in a special file to expedite input at a future time.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1990

Analysing isoenzyme band patterns using similarity coefficients: a personal computer program.

A computer program in Fortran 77 was developed to analyse the isoenzyme patterns of trypanosomes isolated from African sleeping sickness patients, to allow biochemical relationships between populations of trypanosomes from different hosts and geographic areas to be elucidated. However, the generality of the design allows it to be used with presence/absence data from a variety of sources, including DNA fingerprints. The program reads in isoenzyme band patterns from an ASCII file and calculates a matrix of similarity coefficients. Four different similarity measures are offered, suitable for presence/absence data from a range of organisms and experimental procedures. The matrix of similarity values produced is suitable for analysis by ordination methods including principal coordinates analysis, and the production of dendrograms and icicle plots using SPSS/PC+.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Information technology and computer-based decision support in diabetic management.

This paper describes the application of computer-based techniques within an intelligent, knowledge-based framework to the management of diabetes. The objectives are to structure data collection and storage so that the relevant patient-specific data are collected and made accessible as needed, and to provide clinical decision support on either a day-by-day or longer timescale as appropriate; these objectives relating to both hospital clinic and general practice. For longer-term management, a prototype rule set (greater than 500 rules) has been developed (coded in Sigma PROLOG), validated and tested on patient data. The data collection programs (written in SCULPTOR) to feed the ruleset have been tested in the hospital clinic and compared with the resident data collection system for usability, and impact on the running of the clinic. Links between the data collection programs and the ruleset program have been written and tested. The computer system will also incorporate a module, combining knowledge-based advisory system and glucose/insulin model as patient simulator, that can be tested as a potential decision aid for adjusting insulin dosage on a daily basis.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1991

Measurement systems calibration: microcomputer implementation.

Measurement systems used in the collection and processing of laboratory data must be calibrated periodically to obtain accurate results. Because calibration factors can change over time or may be reset to optimize measurements for specific tests, care must be taken to assure that calibration factors and data are aligned correctly. Users should be able to process current data or re-process older data using appropriate calibration factors. The alignment of calibration factors and data should occur in a simple, automatic and transparent way. This document describes one approach to calibration procedures and computer programs used to collect, process, document, measure and display laboratory data. The examples are from our neurophysiology laboratory, where investigators study the mammalian spinal cord and peripheral neuromuscular system. Typical calibration problems, some workable solutions, and computer programs (described in pseudocode) are presented.

Calibration↗
PubMed1991

An image-processing system, motion analysis oriented (IPS-100), applied to microscopy.

This paper describes a real-time video image processing system, suitable for image analysis of stationary and moving images. It consists of a high-quality microscope, a general-purpose personal computer, a commercially available image-processing hardware module plugged into the computer bus, a b/w TV-camera, video monitors and a software package. The structure and the capability of this system are explained. The software is menu-driven and performs real-time image enhancements, real-time mathematical and morphological filters, image segmentation and labelling, real-time identification of moving objects, and real-time analysis of their movements. The program is available in listing form.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

MRATE: a Pascal program for on-line calculation of metabolic rate using wet gases.

MRATE is a Pascal program designed for on-line calculation of metabolic rate in an open circuit system, when outlet gases are not dried. Voltages from O2 and CO2 analysers, humidity and temperature probes and mass flow meter are digitised and used to calculate outlet flow, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory quotient and metabolic rate. The program may be easily modified to suit a variety of experimental set-ups.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kave: a tool for knowledge acquisition to support artificial ventilation.

A decision support system for artificial ventilation is being developed. One of the fundamental goals for this system is the application of the system when a domain expert is not present. Such a system requires a rich knowledge base. The knowledge acquisition process is often considered to be the bottleneck in acquiring such a complete knowledge base. Since no single available method, for example interviewing domain experts, is sufficient for removing this bottleneck, we have chosen a combination of different methods. The different backgrounds of knowledge engineers and domain experts could cause communication restrictions and difficulties between them, e.g. they might not understand each others knowledge domain and this will affect formulation of the knowledge. To solve this problem we needed a tool which supports both the knowledge engineer and the domain expert already from the initial phase of developing the knowledge base. We have developed a knowledge acquisition system called KAVE to elicit knowledge from domain experts and storing it in the knowledge base. KAVE is based on a domain specific conceptual model which is a result of cooperation between knowledge engineers and domain experts during identification, design and structuring of knowledge for this domain. KAVE includes a patient simulator to help validate knowledge in the knowledge base and a knowledge editor to facilitate refinement and maintenance of the knowledge base.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design and development of the THYROID system.

This paper discusses the design and development of our decision support system for thyroid function diagnostics, named Thyroid. The objective of our work has been to develop a decision support system for practical use. The Thyroid system has been designed to utilize the existing laboratory test results of the patient. The task of the system is to produce interpretative reports for the clinicians. The system is integrated with the laboratory information system of University Central Hospital of Turku. It has been under clinical testing for more than 2 years with over 1600 actual cases. The system has produced promising results and it has also shown the limitations of the knowledge-based systems in this infrastructure environment.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1991

A system for compartmental modelling and simulation.

The paper describes a software package for modelling and simulating compartmental systems based upon a generalisation of the equations of compartmental systems. The aim is a versatile package which can be used for rapid model development. Its use is first illustrated in a number of simple classical examples. The power of the software--and more generally the methodology--is demonstrated by showing its application in developing a model-based system for insulin planning for diabetic patients. The software has been written in Pascal and runs on IBM PC and compatible computers.

Algorithms↗