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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Two-hybrid systematic screening of the yeast proteome.

The yeast two-hybrid system is a genetic method that detects protein-protein interactions. One application is the detection by library screening of new interactors of a protein of known function. In the August issue of Nature Genetics, Fromont-Racine et al. showed for the first time that the construction of the protein interaction map of a complex pathway, such as that of the mRNA splicing machinery, is now possible, because of the combination of recent technical improvements elaborated in several laboratories. With a yeast cell mating procedure that increases screen efficiency, they used their complex yeast genomic library of 5 x 10(6) clones to test 700 x 10(6) interactions against 15 proteins. They identified and classified 170 potential interactors, including approximately 70 proteins of previously unknown function. More than 25% of the interactors are probably biologically relevant. The achievements of Fromont-Racine et al. have opened the way to the systematic analysis of the protein interaction networks of the 6,000 open reading frames-yeast proteome. This task requires, however, automation of the library screens and creation of a two-hybrid library database.

Fungal Proteins↗

PubMed2002

Students and overdue books in a medical library.

At the University of Ilorin Medical Library, sixty-one randomly selected medical students with overdue books were surveyed using a questionnaire with a view to (1) finding out why they had not returned the library books in their possession, (2) determining their perceptions of eight given overdue measures, and (3) seeking suggestions on how else to reduce overdue books. Most of the overdue books were as a result of (1) the students not finishing with the books and (2) the students being forgetful. Providing for renewals was the most favored overdue measure, while the need for increased multiple copies and extended loan periods for students were also stressed. Thus, a notice urging readers to return or renew borrowed library books was mounted on the issue desk as a reminder to all readers borrowing books. The library is being automated, which will facilitate timely generation and sending of overdue notices. More copies of some titles were purchased, while a copy each of others was transferred to the reserve collection. The need for an extended loan period will require further investigation, while the judicious use of other overdue measures to complement providing for renewals is recommended.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Combinatorial synthesis and biological evaluation of isoxazole-based libraries as antithrombotic agents.

The 3-substituted phenyl-5-isoxazolecarboxaldehydes have been identified as activated aldehydes for the generation of isoxazole-based combinatorial libraries on solid phase through automation. Three highly functionalized isoxazole-based libraries comprising of 32, 96 and 45 compounds each have been synthesized in parallel format using Baylis Hillman reaction, Michael addition, reductive amination and alkylation reactions. With an objective of lead generation all the three libraries were evaluated for their antithrombin activity in vivo.

Aldehydes↗

PubMed2005

Reliable characterization of coffee bean aroma profiles by automated headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the support of a dual-filter mass spectra library.

This investigation is based on the automated solid phase microextraction GC-MS analysis of the volatile fraction of a variety of coffee bean matrices. Volatile analytes were extracted by headspace (HS)-SPME which was achieved with the support of automated instrumentation. The research was directed towards various important aspects relating to coffee aroma analysis: monitoring of the volatile fraction formation during roasting; chromatographic differentiation of the two main coffee species (Arabica and Robusta) and of a single species from different geographical origins; evaluation of the influence of specific industrial treatments prior to roasting. Reliable peak assignment was carried out through the use of a recently laboratory-constructed "flavour and fragrance" library and a dual-filter MS spectral search procedure. Further emphasis was placed on the automated SPME instrumentation and on its ability to supply highly repeatable chromatographic data.

Coffee↗

PubMed1994

From Index Catalogue to Gopher space: changes in our profession as reflected in the Handbook and CPHSL.

A fifty-year review of the history of health sciences librarianship, as reflected in four editions of the Handbook of Medical Library Practice and its successor, Current Practice in Health Sciences Librarianship, illustrates the significant changes our profession has undergone. Publication in 1943 of the first edition of the Handbook marked an important milestone in the development of the Medical Library Association, as a group of dedicated volunteers documented standard practice and recorded useful data. Administration of health sciences libraries has moved from art to science. Responsibility for the development of collections is now the sole purview of professional librarians. Automation and bibliographic standards have revolutionized the methods for controlling and providing access to information resources. And, the means by which assistance is provided to library users, through the use of computer and telecommunications technology, has changed dramatically.

Cataloging↗

PubMed1999

Combinatorial biocatalysis: taking the lead from nature.

Combinatorial biocatalysis is an emerging technology in the field of drug discovery. The biocatalytic approach to combinatorial chemistry uses enzymatic, chemoenzymatic, and microbial transformations to generate libraries from lead compounds. Important recent advances in combinatorial biocatalysis include iterative derivatization of small molecules and complex natural products, regioselectively controlled libraries, novel one-pot library syntheses, process automation, and biocatalyst enhancements.

Automation↗

PubMed2002

High-speed combinatorial synthesis utilizing microwave irradiation.

Recent advances in microwave-assisted combinatorial chemistry include high-speed solid-phase and polymer-supported organic synthesis, rapid parallel synthesis of compound libraries, and library generation by automated sequential microwave irradiation. In addition, new instrumentation for high-throughput microwave-assisted synthesis continues to be developed at a steady pace. The impressive speed combined with the unmatched control over reaction parameters justifies the growing interest in this application of microwave heating.

Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques↗

PubMed2003

Synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives using solid-phase work-up and scavenging techniques.

Methods to allow the clean preparation of oligosaccharides were investigated using techniques that do not require conventional column chromatography or an aqueous work-up. The route was designed to provide rapid access to oligosaccharides and is suitable for automation and parallel library formation. The research has focused on the glycosidations of a range of glycosyl acceptors with various selenophenyl glycosyl donors using iodine as an activator in the presence of DTBMP, a hindered organic base. Hydroxyl-containing contaminants were removed by scavenging with polymer-supported tosyl chloride.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗

PubMed2002

South Cheshire Local Multi-disciplinary Evidence Centre: an evaluation.

The South Cheshire Local Multidisciplinary Evidence Centre (LMEC) was a two-year project commenced in March 1998 and completed in April 2000. The project aimed to develop an information service to enable all primary and community care staff in South Cheshire to access high-quality evidence and thus to improve patient care. The LMEC gave access from the workplace to both physical and electronic resources to support clinical governance and lifelong learning, with a strong emphasis on evidence-based material. Automation of the library catalogue enabled its inclusion on the website. The project developed enquiry and document delivery services and provided training on using the LMEC and on critical appraisal. An evaluation carried out at the end of the project showed that over 120 primary and community care staff had used the LMEC and were positive about the service. As Clinical Governance, the NHSnet, and plans for continuing professional development are implemented, the LMEC is one model for a Local Health Information Service outlined in the NHS IT strategy.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗

PubMed1997

Fluorous synthesis: a fluorous-phase strategy for improving separation efficiency in organic synthesis.

Recovery and purification difficulties can limit the yield and utility of otherwise successful organic synthesis strategies. A "fluorous synthesis" approach is outlined in which organic molecules are rendered soluble in fluorocarbon solvents by attachment of a suitable fluorocarbon group. Fluorocarbon solvents are usually immiscible in organic solutions, and fluorous molecules partition out of an organic phase and into a fluorous phase in a standard liquid-liquid extraction. Simple yet substantive separations of organic reaction mixtures are achieved without resorting to chromatography. Because fluorous synthesis combines in many respects the favorable purification features of solid-phase synthesis with the favorable reaction, identification, and analysis features of traditional organic synthesis, it should prove valuable in the automated synthesis of libraries of individual pure organic compounds.

Benzamides↗

PubMed2004

The Oxford clinical intranet: providing clinicians with access to patient records and multiple knowledge bases with internet technology.

The Oxford Clinical Intranet provides clinicians in primary and secondary care across Oxfordshire with: Access to information about their patients held on multiple remote disparate computer systems, including admissions and episodes, Laboratory Medicine reports, Radiology reports and hospital discharge letters. The patient records are managed using CSW Case Notes. Access to support and advisory information, developed both within the organization and collected from other sites and projects, a wide range of internal handbooks, directories and guidelines and links to external resources, including evidence-based resources, the Cochrane Collaboration and the NHS National electronic Library of Health. Automated retrieval and presentation of the support information that is contextually appropriate to the task being carried out by the clinician and the information held about the patient. For example laboratory reports are linked to handbooks and other reference sources using eLABook, a web-interfaced database subsystem. Internet technology has been used throughout, thus providing a thin-client architecture with cross-platform ability. Appropriate data standards have been used across the communicating systems and the intranet is compliant with the UK eGovernment Interoperability Framework. The intranet was developed at low cost and is now in routine use. This approach appears to be transferable across systems and organisations.

England↗

PubMed1997

Analysis of a sequenced cDNA library from multiple sclerosis lesions.

To identify genes that are expressed in MS pathogenesis, we have analyzed a normalized cDNA library made from mRNA obtained from CNS lesions of a patient with primary progressive MS. Complementary DNA clones obtained from this library were subjected to automated DNA sequencing to generate expressed sequence tags. Analysis of this MS cDNA library revealed the presence of 54 cDNAs that were associated with immune activation and indicated the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response with evidence of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. The surprising finding was that 16 of the cDNAs encoded autoantigens associated with seven other autoimmune disorders, while only three of these 16 autoantigen cDNAs were present in a similarly constructed adult brain library. Such aberrant autoantigen expression could provide a source of secondary autoimmune stimulation that could contribute to the ongoing inflammatory response in MS. In addition, two cDNAs were found that mapped to a known MS susceptibility locus (5p14-p12): one encoded an excitatory amino acid transporter and the other a human homologue of the Drosophila disabled gene. This approach to the molecular biology of MS pathogenesis may help to illuminate previously unappreciated aspects of this disease.

Cloning, Molecular↗

PubMed2001

High-throughput screening of surface displayed gene products.

With the human genome project approaching completion, there is a growing interest in functional analysis of gene products. The characterization of large numbers of proteins, their expression patterns and in vivo localisations, demands the use of automated technology that maintains a logistic link to the encoding genes. As a complementary approach, phage display is used for recombinant protein expression and the selection of interacting (binding) molecules. Cloning of libraries in filamentous bacteriophage or phage mid vectors provides a physical link between the expressed protein and its encoding DNA sequence. High-throughput technology for automated library handling and phage display selection has been developed using picking-spotting robots and a module for pin-based magnetic particle handling. This system enables simultaneous interaction screening of libraries and the selection of binders to different target molecules at high throughput. Target molecules are either displayed on high-density filter membranes (protein filters) or tag-bound to magnetic particles and can be handled as native ligands. Binding activity is confirmed by magnetic particle ELISA in the microtitre format. The whole procedure from immobilisation of target molecules to confirmed clones of binders is automatable. Using this technology, we have selected human scFv antibody fragments against expression products of human cDNA libraries.

Bacteriophages↗

PubMed1982

OCLC for the hospital library: the justification plan for hospital administration.

This paper delineates the necessary steps to provide hospital administrators with the information needed to evaluate an automated system, OCLC, for addition to the medical library. Based on experience at the Norton-Children's Hospitals, included are: (1) cost analyses of present technical processing systems and cost comparisons with OCLC; (2) delineation of start-up costs for installing OCLC; (3) budgetary requirements for 1981; (4) the impact of automation on library systems, personnel, and services; (5) potential as a shared service; and (6) preparation of the proposal for administrative review.

Budgets↗

PubMedDate not supplied

High-throughput purification of single compounds and libraries.

The need for increasing productivity in medicinal chemistry and associated improvements in automated synthesis technologies for compound library production during the past few years have resulted in a major challenge for compound purification technology and its organization. To meet this challenge, we have recently set up three full-service chromatography units with the aid of in-house engineers, different HPLC suppliers, and several companies specializing in custom laboratory automation technologies. Our goal was to combine high-throughput purification with the high attention to detail which would be afforded by a dedicated purification service. The resulting final purification laboratory can purify up to 1000 compounds/week in amounts ranging from 5 to 300 mg, whereas the two service intermediate purification units take 100 samples per week from 0.3 to 100 g. The technologies consist of normal-phase and reversed-phase chromatography, robotic fraction pooling and reformatting, a bottling system, an automated external solvent supply and removal system, and a customized, high-capacity freeze-dryer. All work processes are linked by an electronic sample registration and tracking system.

Automation↗

PubMed1997

Multidimensional chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for target-based screening.

The synthesis of structural analogs and the process of drug discovery have evolved dramatically through recent advances in solid-phase synthesis reagents and automated screening systems. As molecular diversity strategies emerge, the need for automated target-based selection of lead candidates becomes equally important. Multidimensional automated chromatographic techniques coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry facilitate the selection process and provide maximum characterization information in a single screening run. The capture of tightly bound affinity leads by target biomolecules, followed by subsequent release and high-resolution separation with sensitive detection, significantly reduces the time required to identify and characterize lead compounds. This automated multidimensional chromatographic approach coupled with mass spectrometry, Selectronics, was used with several organic and natural libraries to demonstrate an automated target-based screening technique to select for high-affinity binders as potential lead compounds.

Amino Acid Isomerases↗

PubMed1993

A human heart cDNA library--the development of an efficient and simple method for automated DNA sequencing.

A direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the human heart cDNA clones was used to generate lambda PCR product. By the use of the first set of primers derived from lambda gt11, each cDNA insert can readily be obtained. Using millipore filters, primers and nucleotides are removed and this purified PCR product can then be subjected to a second set of fluorescent primers in the generation of nucleotides in the auto-cycle reactions for automated DNA sequencing.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Bibliographic instruction in the hospital library.

The nature of bibliographic instruction in this hospital library continues to evolve. As the library makes easy-to-master, menu-driven tools for online searching available to end users, the demand for this service and the accompanying training increases. The demand for formal sessions covering research techniques is also increasing. Upon request, the library offered an extended research orientation to the housestaff in Obstetrics and Gynecology in May of 1993. An introduction to the use of CD-ROM was included to highlight its usefulness for citation verification, author searches, and for periodic current awareness searches on a particular topic. The UMH Library staff strive to offer the most current and comprehensive facilities and services to their users. These include automated access to the library's book, journal, and audiovisual holdings using the Data Trek system; online bibliographic searching by library staff and end users using CD Plus MEDLINE on CD-ROM and Grateful MED software; participation in clinical rounds to provide research support for clinical care; and several types of bibliographic instruction. In addition to the informal teaching of library research techniques that the library staff offers on a daily basis, the Library at Union Memorial Hospital is pleased to be able to provide a formalized and evolving bibliographic instruction program.

Computer User Training↗