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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Exposure to soluble barium compounds: an interventional study in arc welders.

Soluble barium (Ba) compounds are well-known toxicants. Intoxications are mainly known in an acute form from casual or suicidal oral ingestion. No scientifically based data are available on possible health effects of inhalative exposure to soluble Ba salts at the workplace. Therefore, we investigated 18 welders in an interventional study over 1 week. They performed welding of Ba-containing stick electrodes and self-shielded flux cored wires under conditions similar to real working conditions. The welding fumes contained 31%-37% Ba, more than 90% of which was soluble in acids. Without appropriate preventive measures, a high rate of measurements exceeded the TLV values for total welding fumes of 5 mg/m3 and for soluble Ba of 0.5 mg/m3. The median fume concentrations were 13.2 mg/m3 in stick electrode welding and 12.3 mg/m3 in flux cored wire welding. The median Ba concentrations were 4.4 and 2.0 mg/m3 respectively. An integrated exhaust system built into the gun proved to be efficient in flux cored wire welding. The internal exposure to Ba reached median urine levels up to 101.7 micrograms/l (normal: below 20 micrograms/l) and median plasma concentrations of up to 24.7 micrograms/l (normal: below 8 micrograms/l). No health impact on the welders could be proven, but hypokalemia may have occurred as a result of the Ba exposure.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of two particulate hexavalent chromium compounds: Barium chromate is more genotoxic than lead chromate in human lung cells.

Particulate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are well-established human lung carcinogens. However, their carcinogenic mechanisms are poorly understood as most investigators have used soluble Cr(VI) compounds. Recent work from our laboratory has found that barium chromate (BC) is also cytotoxic and clastogenic. To understand how BC relates to existing data on other particulate Cr(VI) compounds, we compared its cytotoxicity and clastogenicity with lead chromate (LC), which has been used as a prototypical particulate Cr(VI) compound, in WTHBF-6 cells, a near-normal human lung cell line. We found that BC is a more potent cytotoxicant, inducing 67%, 12%, 3%, and 0% relative survival at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 microg/cm2, respectively, while LC induced 90%, 71%, 43%, and 15% survival at these same concentrations. We found that BC was also more clastogenic, damaging 22% and 49% of metaphase cells at 0.1 and 0.5 microg/cm2, and causing complete cell cycle arrest at 1 and 5 microg/cm2. By contrast, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 microg/cm2 LC damaged 10%, 27%, and 37% of metaphase cells, respectively, and complete cell cycle arrest was not observed until a concentration of 5 microg/cm2 was reached. We found that BC and LC both partially dissolved in complete medium in the presence of cells, producing similar extracellular concentrations. Both compounds were also comparable with respect to particle uptake and the amount of intracellular Cr ions. Considering previous reports showing that lead ions were inactive and that sodium chromate and LC have similar clastogenic potencies, these data suggest that BC genotoxicity may not be solely mediated by Cr ions, but also involve some clastogenic activity of barium ions.

Barium Compounds↗
PubMed2003

Glass-containing gunshot residue particles: a new type of highly characteristic particle?

In 0.22 caliber rimfire ammunition, the primer often contains lead or lead and barium compounds. As residues from these primers do not contain lead, barium, and antimony, they cannot be uniquely classified as gunshot residue (GSR) under ASTM designation E 1588-95. In many types of 0.22 caliber rimfire ammunition, the cartridge contains a primer sensitized with glass. In this paper we describe a previously unreported type of GSR particle consisting of glass fused with other primer components. As there appear to be few potential environmental or occupational sources of particles composed of lead and barium compounds fused to glass, particularly borosilicate glass, these particles may have high evidential value. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detection (SEM-EDX) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) were evaluated for the characterization of glass-containing GSR particles. The occurrence of glass-containing GSR particles was established in the residue from various brands of 0.22 caliber ammunition, and several sub-types were identified.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Ba(SbF(6))(2).5XeF(2): first xenon(II) compound with barium. Synthesis, vibrational spectra, and crystal structure.

The reaction between Ba(SbF(6))(2) and excess XeF(2) in anhydrous HF at room temperature yields the white solid Ba(SbF(6))(2).5XeF(2) after the excess XeF(2) and the solvent have been removed under vacuum. Ba(SbF(6))(2).5XeF(2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m, with a = 13.599(6) A, b = 12.086(4) A, c = 9.732(5) A, beta = 134.305(6) degrees, V = 1144.7 (8) A(3), and Z = 2. The coordination sphere of each barium atom consists of 12 fluorine atoms. The structure consists of alternating layers of Ba(SbF(6))(2).XeF(2) and 4 XeF(2) molecules. The Ba atoms in the Ba(SbF(6))(2).XeF(2) layer are in a nearly rhombic-net array and are linked with trans F-bridging ligands of SbF(6)(-). A XeF(2) molecule is placed in the center of each rhombus of the Ba(2+) array so that its symmetry axis is perpendicular to the plane of the Ba(SbF(6))(2).XeF(2) layer. This layer is linked to its neighbors by a layer of centrosymmetric XeF(2) molecules. Raman spectra are in accord with all XeF(2) molecules being symmetrical.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

A new polymorph of barium chloroanilate trihydrate.

Single crystals of a new polymorph of the title compound, barium(II) 3,6-dichloro-2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone trihydrate, Ba2+.C6Cl2O4(2-).3H2O, have been grown in sodium metasilicate gel. Each Ba2+ cation is coordinated by eight O atoms. The Ba2+ cations are bridged by an O atom of a ligand around the centre of symmetry at Wyckoff position 4a and by the O atom of a water molecule around the centre of symmetry at Wyckoff position 4b, forming a sheet parallel to the (100) plane. Loose contacts are found around one of the water molecules, as observed in the Cmca form.

Journal Article↗