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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, an infection caused by enterovirus 70 and a variant of coxsackievirus A24, is characterized by the rapid onset of severely painful conjunctivitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage. The condition is usually benign and resolves in five to seven days; however, a polio-like paralysis (radiculomyelitis) develops in approximately one in 10,000 patients infected with enterovirus 70. No treatment is available. Information about acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis should be provided to patients and the community in order to prevent undue alarm, discourage home remedies and control the spread of this highly contagious disease.

Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic↗
PubMed1984

Enterovirus 70 acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--sporadic cases.

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) has been reported in epidemics. This is a report of 29 sporadic cases of AHC recorded over a period of two years after the 1981 epidemic in and around Chandigarh. A rapid and simple immunofluorescence test was developed and standardized in our Institute for the diagnosis of AHC. It was used for epidemiological monitoring of cases and to establish the diagnosis in suspected cases of AHC reporting after the epidemic. The clinical picture of epidemic and sporadic cases is compared.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Clinical findings and results of treatment in an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southern Florida.

An epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Miami, Florida, involved approximately 800 documented cases and more than 2,500 suspected cases. This epidemic was caused by an enterovirus 70 infection affecting primarily young black people residing within a high-risk area. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is characterized by the rapid onset of swollen eyelids, foreign-body sensation, burning, watery discharge, and, usually, bilateral ocular involvement. Signs include distinctive bulbar conjunctival hemorrhages and a follicular conjunctival reaction with only mild and infrequent corneal involvement. This infection is short in duration, self-limited, and free of significant ocular sequelae. Symptomatic treatment appears to be as effective as various topical medical regimens for relief of symptoms. Secondary bacterial infections (occurring in individuals who used urine as an eyewash) and one case of a transient acute Bell's palsy were the only complications associated with this acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic in Colon, Republic of Panama.

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis has caused numerous outbreaks throughout Africa and Asia since it was first recognized in 1969 but did not involve the New World until 1981. This unprecedented outbreak reached Colon, Panama during August 1981 and by October 8,401 cases had been reported (14% of Colon's population). In October the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory and Ministry of Health conducted a survey in Colon to collect descriptive data on household living units, epidemiologic and clinical data from residents, and venous blood from all residents one year or older. The survey sampled 127 households and interviewed 608 people (1% of Colon's homes and 1% of the population). Overall 336 (55%) study subjects recalled having conjunctivitis. Disease rates differed according to residence; poor sectors of the city had 67% attack rates, lower class 52%, middle class 34%, and upper class 13%. Within each sector adults were more likely than children to be index cases, and communal bathrooms and household crowding were the most important risk factors for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Between 4-20% of people denying acute conjunctivitis had antibody to enterovirus 70 and may represent asymptomatic cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[An etiology study on the 1986 epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in China].

An epidemic of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (AHC) broke out in Shanghai, Henan and Fujian provinces of China in 1986. Twenty four strains of etiologically suspected virus were then isolated but not correctly identified. In 1990 9 out of 24 strains from these three places were re-examined by us in our laboratory, and found feasible to be neutralized by CA 24V antiserum, but not by antiserum to EV 70 as once reported by Henan. It was also found that these viruses (one strain from each of these three places) produced pathogenic changes in suckling mice, showed definite immuno-fluorescence with Mcabs, and were neutralized by McAbs against CA 24V which was isolated from Beijing by our laboratory in 1988. It is evident that all the isolates isolated from Shanghai, Henan and Fujian provinces in 1986 were Coxsackie-virus A 24 variant (CA 24V).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Etiology of 1988 epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Beijing].

An epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) occurred in Beijing during August-September in 1988. Conjunctival swabs were collected from 50 AHC patients at the Eye Clinic of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. 25 strains of viruses were isolated with Hela cell cultures. All the viral isolates were identified as Coxsackievirus A 24 variant (CA 24 v) with antiserum from the Center for Disease Control, U. S. A. Paired serum samples from 30 AHC patients were examined for neutralizing against a representative strain of the viral isolates. 24 of them (80%) showed a fourfold or greater rise in neutralizing antibody titers. The results indicate that CA 24 v was the etiologic agent responsible for the 1988 epidemic of AHC. This is the first time an epidemic of AHC caused by CA 24 v is reported in the mainland of China.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[An etiological study of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Beijing area in 1984].

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) has been widespread in China since 1971. An etiological survey of the sporadic outbreak in Beijing was done in 1984. Conjunctival swabs and sera were collected at the Eye Clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and 10 strains of virus were isolated from 46 cases by culture on the HeLa cell line. 8 strains were identified as Enterovirus 70 by homologous antiserum J 670/71 obtained from the California State Laboratory of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases. 2 other strains defied neutralization by this antiserum and were eventually identified as Adenovirus type 3 and type 7. 30 paired sera were examined for neutralization antibodies to EV 70 (J 670/71). Among these, 23 (77%) showed fourfold or higher rise in titer. Furthermore, neutralization antibodies to EV70 (J 670/71) and the EV70 isolated from 7 patients with AHC by paired sera also showed a fourfold or higher rise in antibody titer, indicating that EV70 was the etiologic agent responsible for the 1984 outbreak in Beijing.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1988

Outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackie A24 variant--Taiwan.

Outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70 and several serotypes of adenovirus have occurred in Taiwan since 1971. In 1980-1981, there was a pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southeast Asia caused by coxsackie A24 variant (CA24v); however, this virus did not affect Taiwan. In October 1985, CA24v was isolated for the first time from patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southern Taiwan. The following summer, a large epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to CA24v occurred. An epidemiologic investigation of patients seen at one ophthalmology clinic in Taipei City revealed that school-age children were the most likely group to introduce illness into households (p less than 0.001) and that males were more often household index cases than were females (p less than 0.01). Multiple case households tended to be more crowded (3.0 vs. 2.5 persons per bathroom; p less than 0.05) and had illness introduced by younger family members (median age of index case = 10 vs. 17 years; p less than 0.01). It is unknown whether this outbreak is an isolated occurrence or represents another resurgence of CA24v in the area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis. An outbreak during an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Ten patients with gonococcal conjunctivitis were examined during an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). Eye cultures in all cases demonstrated Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and seven also had isolates of N gonorrhoeae in genital specimens. All patients responded well to antimicrobial therapy. The patients had used a folk remedy in which they had applied urine to their eyes to treat the symptoms of AHC.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in central Minnesota.

The only confirmed outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in the continental United States during 1982 occurred in Brainerd, Minnesota. The disease first appeared in a 27-year-old woman during a trip to Tahiti. The patient's two daughters (8 months old and 3 years old) developed mild conjunctivitis two days later. Although the symptoms of all three had completely resolved before they arrived in Brainerd, illness compatible with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis developed in five other individuals who shared a house with them there. Symptoms appeared within two days in four of the five and within three days in the fifth. All five had high neutralizing antibody titers to enterovirus 70 (1:128, 1:32, 1:32, 1:128, and 1:256) and one had high antibody titers to coxsackievirus A24 which may cause similar symptoms (less than 1:4 in all cases). The symptoms resolved without sequelae in all five patients within five days. These cases demonstrated that a person who is no longer symptomatic can still infect others and that an infected person can transmit enterovirus 70 for at least eight days after the onset of symptoms.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Puerto Rico, 1981-1982.

In late 1981, the Western Hemisphere's pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis spread to Puerto Rico. Over 6,000 cases of conjunctivitis were reported to the Puerto Rico Department of Health from November 1981 to March 1982. Enterovirus 70 was isolated from one of 19 eye-swab specimens tested, and 10 of 13 (77%) individuals with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis had neutralizing antibody titers to enterovirus 70 of greater than or equal to 1:4. These data suggest that enterovirus 70 was the etiologic agent of the acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in Puerto Rico. In a study of a lower middle socioeconomic sector with relatively intense transmission, 152 of 670 (23%) persons reported illness consistent with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. The highest attack rate was in the 5- to 14-year-old group (30%), and a disproportionate number of household index cases were in the predominantly school age group (5-19 years old). Twelve per cent (3/25) of asymptomatic household contacts of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis cases had sera with neutralizing antibody to enterovirus 70. Retrospective surveillance through ophthalmologists and neurologists identified one patient with a neurologic complication, a seventh nerve palsy temporally associated with recent enterovirus 70 infection. Household transmission was significantly associated with crowding and sharing of beds (p less than 0.05). This and other recent studies in Florida suggest that school age children play an important role in the transmission of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. This study also suggests that asymptomatic enterovirus 70 infection is uncommon, and that in Puerto Rico, neurologic complications associated with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis were quite rare.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70 in India.

An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in Delhi, India, during August and September 1996. The etiologic agent was confirmed as enterovirus type 70 by a modified centrifugation-enhanced culture method followed by immunofluorescence and neutralization tests. After nearly a decade, this virus is reemerging as a cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in India.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A recent epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

The coxsackievirus A24 variant was implicated in four of six major acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks in Singapore since its discovery in 1970. Hela cell suspension in 24-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates was a satisfactory alternative to monolayer cells grown in test tubes for virus isolation. Respiratory illness occurred in 20 of 98 patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Apart from conjunctival secretions, respiratory and oral transmission of coxsackievirus A24 variant would explain the rapid and extensive spread of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis during an outbreak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Neurologic complications with elevated antibody titer after acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Nine patients with polyradiculomyeloneuropathy after acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) infection were studied serologically. All except one patient had neutralization titers larger than or equal to 1:16 against the prototype J670/71 strain of AHC virus in at least one of their serum samples. The development of a significant fourfold rise in antibody titer against AHC virus occurred in one of the patients who developed neurologic complications five days after the onset of AHC infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Study on etiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Qingdao during 1997].

OBJECTIVE: To study the etiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in Qingdao during 1997. METHODS: During the AHC epidemic season viruses from the conjunctival swabs were isolated in Hela and Hep-2 cell cultures and were identified by neutralization test. RESULTS: All isolated virus strains were identified as (CA24) v and adenoviruses (Adv) by neutralization test with antisera of CA24 v, Echo virus 70(EV70), CA24, CA24 v of Beijing local strain, Ad3, Ad7 and Ad11. CONCLUSION: In 1997, a small epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was caused by adenoviuses and CA24 v.

Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic↗
PubMed1990

[Study on rapid diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by Coxsackievirus A24 variant].

An pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) caused by Coxsackievirus A 24 variant (CA 24v) occurred in China in 1988. Rapid diagnosis of AHC was investigated by immunofluorescence technique. The bacteria-free conjunctival swab samples were inoculated into HeLa cell monolayer. The Virus-specific antigens in infected cells were examined by indirect immunofluorescence test. Of 35 samples, 17 was identified as CA 24v. The results of isolation and typing could be obtained with in 5 days. Further, CA 24v antigen in infected conjunctival cells were examined by indirect immunofluorescence test. Of 48 smears of conjunctival cells, 39 was positive. Positive rate were 81.3%.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1996

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in Thailand, 1992.

The 260 cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis seen at Siriraj Hospital during October to December, 1992 were studied. Evidence of coxsackie virus A24 variant (CA24v) infections was demonstrated in 76.8% of 95 cases. The isolation rates from conjunctival swabs and throat swabs were 68.2% and 32.8%, respectively. A four-fold rising titer of neutralizing antibody was shown in 59.5% of 42 cases. The disease was characterized by a short incubation period, sudden onset, a mild and self-limited course within 5 days without ocular sequelae. Lacrimation, swelling lida, itching, foreign body sensation and periorbital pain were common features with bilateral involvement in the majority of cases. Approximately 48% of eyes had a mucopurulent discharge. Preauricular lymphadenopathy, keratitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage were observed in 16.2%, 12.6%, and 10.1% of affected eyes, respectively. Respiratory disturbances accompanied the eye signs in some cases. Only one case developed neurological complications: facial palsy was observed for three months without recovery.

Adolescent↗