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8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Plasma levels of cortisol and corticosteroid binding globulin during use of Norplant-2 implants.

Plasma levels of cortisol and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) were studied during one year in eleven healthy women using NORPLANT-2 implants. NORPLANT-2 implants release approximately 50 ug of levonorgestrel/day. A significant diurnal variation of cortisol levels was found during the study. No significant change in cortisol levels compared to pretreatment levels was found. Levels of CBG showed no diurnal variation, but decreased significantly during use of the implants. This was most probably due to a direct effect of the levonorgestrel, as the levels of estradiol did not change compared to pretreatment levels, except for the values after 6 months that were significantly lower than pretreatment levels. A "free cortisol index" calculated as: level of cortisol/level of CBG, was unchanged during treatment compared to pretreatment levels. It is concluded that although CBG levels were reduced, no significant change in cortisol patterns was seen during use of the implants.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ovulatory dysfunction during continuous administration of low-dose levonorgestrel by subdermal implants.

OBJECTIVE: To study the endocrinologic profile of regularly menstruating users of levonorgestrel subdermal implants. DESIGN: Observational, prospective, case-controlled comparative study. SETTING: The Family Planning Clinic of PROFAMILIA, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Thirty one regularly cycling Norplant users and 12 nonhormonal contraceptors who volunteered to participate. INTERVENTIONS: Norplant contraceptive implants were inserted in 31 subjects between 13 and 77 months before this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were serially assayed for one menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Almost half of the cycles among Norplant users were anovulatory; all the rest (55%) had some form of dysfunction: diminished gonadotropin surge, luteal phase insufficiency (low P levels and shortened luteal phase), and E2 profiles different from normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: Anovulation is clearly one of the main mechanisms of action of Norplant, but even in presumptive ovulatory cycles, the dysfunctions described possibly contribute to the high contraceptive effectiveness of Norplant.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Study of the influence of some factors on conception and fertility rates in sheep in the anestrus period].

Experiments were carried out with a total of 520 sheep, two-breed crosses, during the anestrus period (January-May) in 1972 and 1973. Estrus was induced by means of hormonal preparations, such as implants (Silestrus), vaginal swabs (Veramix), pregnant mare sera (Rigaoux) as well as estradiol-valerianat. Both the test and the control groups of animals were divided into four lots to study: a. the effect of the interval following lambing and the season on the results of hormonal treatment; b. the conception and fertility rates in lactating ewes with weaned lambs in the anestrus period; c. the effect of hormonal treatment in young and adult ewes nursing single lambs or twins and d. the influence of the functional status on the results of hormonal treatment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Long-term reversible contraception with levonorgestrel-releasing Silastic rods.

Subcutaneously placed Silastic capsules containing levonorgestrel are effective for 5 years and have a higher continuation rate than other methods of reversible contraception. Six 3 cm capsules are required to achieve satisfactory circulating levels of levonorgestrel. Two 4 cm covered Silastic rods containing levonorgestrel, which are easier to manufacture, insert, and remove than the capsules, produce similar in vitro release rates. This study compared clinical and metabolic effects as well as bleeding patterns in 23 women using either six capsules (n = 11) or two covered rods (n = 12). Serum levels of levonorgestrel, lipids, and lipoproteins as well as frequency of elevated progesterone levels were compared in serum samples obtained before treatment and 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after insertion with the two systems. While bleeding patterns were similar for users of the two systems, rod users had slightly higher serum levels of levonorgestrel and a lower incidence of cycles with elevated progesterone levels. Therefore, rods could replace capsules as a long-term, reversible contraceptive method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Changes in carbohydrate metabolism during 30 months on Norplant.

During a 30-month period, changes in carbohydrate metabolism (measured by oral glucose tolerance test) were studied in 20 Norplant acceptors. Changes were first observed one month after Norplant insertion and peaked between 12-18 months. The area under the glucose curve rose by 12.3% and 40.5% one and 12 months post insertion, respectively. At 18, 24 and 30 months the rise was, respectively, 41.9%, 40% and 38.6%. Although the changes under the insulin curves were similar, the increase at one month was doubled (25.7%). Only fasting insulin values showed very slight and insignificant changes during the 30-month period. All the changes were, however, within the normal limits for healthy women. We conclude that although Norplant induces changes in carbohydrate metabolism, these changes remain within normal limits, peak at 12 months and either remain the same or decrease with time.

Adult↗