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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Embryo research and public policy: a philosopher's appraisal.

The development of public policy on bioethical issues can be approached through substantive moral and philosophic reasoning, or through balancing perceived societal views as to what is ethically acceptable. The Human Embryo Research Panel had to apply the first approach to the question of the moral status of the preimplantation embryo. Only after concluding that the preimplantation embryo was not a full human subject could the panel consider the conditions under which embryo research was ethically acceptable, given a range of societal views, concerns, and interests.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1997

Embryo research: the ethical geography of the debate.

Three basic political positions on embryo research will be identified as libertarian, conservative, and social-democratic. The Human Embryo Research Panel will be regarded as an expression of the social-democratic position. A taxonomy of the ethical issues addressed by the Panel will then be developed at the juncture of political and ethical modes of reflection. Among the arguments considered will be those for the separability of the abortion and embryo research debates; arguments against the possibility of the preembryo being a person, especially arguments associated with totipotency and the significance of the primitive streak; and the various reasons for regulating embryo research, including those associated with respect for the preembryo, the protection of traditional views of human procreation, and the prevention of commercialization.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1995

Ethics.

For the first time, a National Institutes of Health advisory panel approved funding for the production of human embryos for research purposes. Oregon voters approved a Death With Dignity Act that empowers physicians to prescribe lethal doses of medication to terminally ill patients.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1994

Preimplantation genetics: a case for prospective action.

Preimplantation genetics describes a newly-emerging field in medical genetics, the consequence of the implementation of clinical preimplantation diagnosis and the likely future development of germ-line gene therapy. Given the existing clinical and laboratory difficulties already demonstrated in preimplantation diagnosis and the sensitive ethical issues surrounding genetic manipulation of human embryos, there is a need for 1) critical and objective evaluation of developments in this field by human and medical geneticists and 2) development of guidelines for research and clinical practice in the years ahead. We propose a course of prospective action for preimplantation genetics implemented through the newly-formed American College of Medical Genetics in order to address the ethics, safety, accuracy, cost, and overall merit of preimplantation genetics.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1996

Washington politics and genetic engineering research: when worlds collide.

In earlier research, I developed a notion of "biopolitics" to help explain, first, the recombinant DNA debate of the 1970-1980s, and, second, the human gene transfer-therapy debate of the 1980-1990s. Drawing upon results gleaned from two recent meetings of high moment in the nation's capital, I expand upon the theoretical and empirical parameters of the biopolitical argument to elucidate the clash of policy preferences arising from two new areas of genetic experimentation: (i) human embryo research and (ii) the creation of commercially viable therapeutics to combat disease. I show the manner in which members of the biological science community and their policy allies are forced to cope with the realities of the "Washington political game," and why it is necessary for them to develop a sophisticated sense of what that "game" is.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1996

Fetal subjects and maternal objects: reproductive technology and the new fetal/maternal relation.

This essay examines three tendencies nurtured in the practices of reproductive technology - tendencies with profoundly disturbing implications for us as individuals and as social beings. They are: 1) the increasing subjectification of the fetus (that is, the increasing tendency to posit a fetal subject), 2) the increasing objectification of the gestating woman, leading to her representation as interchangeable object rather than unique subject, and 3) the increasing tendency to conceive of the fetus and the mother as social, medical, and legal antagonists. Considering the construction of fetus, mother, and the fetal/maternal relation in earlier (Western) historical periods, a contemporary work of literature, a government report, and the popular press, I argue that as the fetus is increasingly being understood as a subject, the mother is increasingly being reduced to an antagonist, an obstacle to fetal health, and an object. The essay concludes by offering some tentative conclusions about the general process of fetal subjectification in the United States and Europe.

Advisory Committees↗