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Results for “Longitudinal study”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1978

Longitudinal study of Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers and excretion in pediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease.

Nineteen pediatric patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) who had experienced primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) before, or in one case after, diagnosis, were studied longitudinally for changes in the titers and spectra of EBV-related antibodies, excretion of EBV into the oropharynx, the number of EBV-carrying lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood, and clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of reactivation of the latent virus. The incidence and geometric mean titers of IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) in the HD patients at the time of diagnosis and in the controls were similar. The anti-VCA titers of the patients rose above control levels during and after therapy and remained elevated for up to 7 years of observation. At no time were heterophil or VCA-specific IgM antibodies detected. Antibodies to EBV-induced early antigens were more common in patients (ultimately 80%) than in controls (9%). In contrast, antibody levels to EBV-associated nuclear antigen were disproportionally low in the patients. Excretion of EBV was noted at increased frequency in the patients but the number of circulating, EBV-carrying lymphoid cells was the same as in controls. No discrete clinical syndrome was associated with rising antibody titers or viral excretion. While these results are best explained by a presumed reactivation of the persistent EBV infection by immunosuppressive effects of HD or its therapy, they have not provided direct evidence for this suggestion.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Longitudinal study of workers employed in the manufacture of toluene-diisocyanate.

Workers at a toluene-diisocyanate manufacturing plant were studied longitudinally to determine the effects of the chemical on their health. Studies included health questionnaire, pulmonary function, environmental monitoring, and immunologic testing. Workers reporting increased lower respiratory symptoms were from the nonsmoker group. Environmental monitoring showed frequent excursions of toluene-diisocyanate concentrations above the threshold limiting value. There was poor correlation between area and personal exposure levels. No exposure-related decline of pulmonary function was demonstrable. Immunologic studies showed development of a positive skin test to a toluene-diisocyanate-human serum albumin conjugate by some persons and an increasing incidence of toluene-diisocyanate-specific IgE antibodies as measured by a radioallergosorbent test. Toluene-diisocyanate did not induce histamine release from leukocytes in vitro but did diminish the in vitro stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate by isoproterenol. Most of the clinically sensitive persons demonstrated adverse bronchial response when challenged by inhalation of toluene-diisocyanate. This response was dose dependent in some persons. When challenged with Mecholyl, clinically sensitive persons showed greater reactivity of airways than nonsensitive persons.

Antibodies↗

PubMed2026

Vitamin D Supplementation Modulates Base Excision Repair (BER) Machinery in Systemic Sclerosis: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, autoimmune, fibrotic disorder involving immune dysregulation, vascular abnormalities and progressive fibrosis. Although oxidative stress and defective DNA repair have been implicated in its pathogenesis, the impact of vitamin D on DNA repair pathways remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of DNA repair enzymes in SSc, explore their relationship with vitamin D status and assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the transcriptional expression of these enzymes. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 52 female patients with SSc and 31 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Gene expression levels of base excision repair (BER) enzymes (APE1 and OGG1) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) enzymes (XPA and XPC) were analyzed. Serum vitamin D levels were measured and correlated with disease activity scores. In a prospective arm of the study, patients received six months of vitamin D supplementation and their DNA repair capacity was evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Baseline expression of APE1 and OGG1 was significantly lower in SSc patients than in HCs, whereas expression of the NER genes remained unchanged, indicating selective impairment of the BER pathway. Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in SSc and inversely correlated with disease severity. Supplementation significantly increased serum vitamin D levels and up-regulated APE1 and OGG1 expression; while NER genes remained unaffected. These findings are consistent with evidence of elevated oxidative DNA lesions in SSc and support a mechanistic link between BER activity and the repair of oxidative DNA damage. SSc patients exhibit reduced transcription of BER-specific enzymes associated with vitamin D deficiency andrestoration of vitamin D levels partially rescues BER enzyme expression. These findingshighlight a potentially modifiable axis linking micronutrient status, genomic stability and disease activity and provide a rationale for investigating vitamin D optimization as an adjunctive strategy to enhance DNA repair and potentially attenuate inflammatory and fibrotic processes in SSc.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

Hormonal changes during puberty. IV. Longitudinal study of acrenal androgen secretions.

Longitudinal studies of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were made in 13 girls aged 7 years and 14 aged 10 years, during 3 years, at 6-month intervals. Similarly, two groups of 12 boys aged 8 years and 11 years were followed. In addition, 3 girls with premature adrenarche and 4 male patients with Addison's disease were studied. In the normal girls a significant rise of plasma DHEA-S and DHEA occurred from 6 years of bone age (51.4 +/- 9.0 ng/ml and 50.5 +/-9.2 ng/100 ml, respectively) to 8 years (119. 7 +/- 19.1 ng/ml and 94.5 +/- 16.5 ng/100 ml). A further significant rise was apparent at 11 years (385.8 +/-60.9 ng/ml) and 329.0 +/- 78.4 ng/100 ml). In boys, a similar rise of DHEA-S and DHEA was observed between 6 years of bone age (75.8 %/- 12 ng/ml and 44.3 +/- 7.6 ng/100 ml) and 8 years (157.4 +/- 28.9 ng/ml and 76.1 +/- 8.9 ng/100 ml). Furhter significant rise of DHEA-S and DHEA were seen at 13 years of bone age (563.7 +/- 123.7 ng/ml and 267.9 +/- 50.0 ng/100 ml, respectively). Testosterone in both sexes rose 2-3 years later than DHEA-S and DHEA. In female patients with premature adrenarche, higher plasma levels of DHEA-S and DHEA were found when compared to normal levels at similar chronological and bone ages. Very low plasma concentrations of DHEA-S and DHEA were obsrved in the patients with Addison's disease.

Addison Disease↗

PubMed2026

Longitudinal study of prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in German organic meat chicken farms.

Widespread prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp. in meat chicken is a major concern for public health. We examined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in 14 German organic meat chicken farms rearing slow-growing broilers, male layer hybrids, or dual-purpose cockerels in a longitudinal study. Most farms participated with four subsequent flocks. Each flock was sampled three times: approximately 1 month after hatching (before outdoor access), 2 weeks after first outdoor access, and at the end of the fattening period. Strikingly, most flocks were already Campylobacter-positive before first outdoor access. At the end of the fattening period, 98% of all flocks were positive, with C. jejuni being the predominant species. Antimicrobial resistance of 405 C. jejuni and 79 C. coli revealed overall high levels of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistance but absence of macrolide resistance. Ertapenem resistance was observed in individual farms. Generalized linear mixed models with random factors for farm and flocks within farm were used to assess predictors for the occurrence of ciprofloxacin- and tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni. Season, fattening type, and the interaction of sampling time point and fattening type were significant fixed effects. Results for flocks within farms showed clustering effects (ICCCIP = 0.447; ICCTET = 0.412). Whole-genome sequencing of representative isolates confirmed great overall genetic variety, with farm- or fattening type-dependent dissemination of certain multi-locus sequence types. ST21 clonal complex for sequenced C. jejuni and ST828 clonal complex for sequenced C. coli were most commonly detected.IMPORTANCECampylobacter spp. are major foodborne pathogens associated with the consumption and handling of chicken meat. This longitudinal study provides further insight into the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant C. jejuni and C. coli in German organic meat chicken farms, a growing sector with strict limitations on antibiotic treatment. We included multiple flocks of farms fattening either slow-growing broilers, male layer hybrids, or dual-purpose cockerels to account for a variety of fattening types. Consequently, we were able to demonstrate significant differences in the occurrence of ciprofloxacin- and tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni based on fattening type, sampling time point, and season. Our findings highlight the successful spread and persistence of ciprofloxacin-, tetracycline-, and ertapenem-resistant C. jejuni and C. coli among all three types of organic meat chicken regardless of the lack of antibiotic treatment.

C. coli↗

PubMed2026

The relationship between food intake and outdoor temperature in a longitudinal study: a public health perspective in the context of global warming.

BACKGROUND: Climate change affects human health and nutrition. Rising temperatures may significantly impact diets, but research on their influence on dietary habits in large populations remains limited. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the link between outdoor temperature and energy-adjusted food consumption across profiles in a longitudinal study. METHODS: This study included 100,851 participants from the NutriNet-Santé study (2009-2023) with 1,716,046 24-h dietary records linked to daily maximum outdoor temperature at the residence, from the nearest Météo-France station. Associations were analyzed using linear mixed models with interactions tested for sex and 6 socioeconomic profiles (employees, privileged, intermediate, young, disadvantaged, and retirees) derived from clustering. RESULTS: Across all subgroups, higher outdoor temperature was associated with higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, processed meats, sweet products, water, alcoholic beverages, and sugar-sweetened beverages, whereas consumption of red meat, pulses, and dairy products decreased. From 25°C to 35°C, the increase in alcohol consumption with temperature was more pronounced in males {150 g/d [95% confidence interval (CI): 147 g/d, 153 g/d] to 166 g/d [95% CI: 162 g/d, 171 g/d], +11%} than in females [101 g/d (95% CI: 98 g/d, 103 g/d) to 107 g/d (95% CI: 104 g/d, 109 g/d), +6%]. Across socioeconomic profiles, changes shared similar directions, but some trends were more marked, notably for alcoholic beverages among employees (95% CI: 114 g/d, 130 g/d; +14%) and sugar-sweetened beverages in young (95% CI: 56 g/d, 72 g/d; +29%). Consumption of fruits increased more modestly in the young (95% CI: 227 g/d, 248 g/d; +9%) than in employees (95% CI: 194 g/d, 227 g/d; +17%). These changes, although variable in magnitude, were not accompanied by substantial modifications in energy intake or overall diet quality scores. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasize the importance of targeted prevention messages when temperatures exceed 25°C, especially concerning alcoholic and sugar-sweetened beverages, and offer insight into potential long-term food consumption patterns (beyond seasonal changes) in the context of global warming.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

[Development of gingival inflammations in schoolchildren instructed in proper oral hygiene in a seven-year longitudinal study conducted under clinically controlled conditions and as part of the Preventive Stomatology research project (author's transl)].

Instruction of six- and seven-year-old children (N = 1167) at the beginning of this longitudinal study was given by a stomatological nurse at weekly intervals and, later, at fortnightly and monthly intervals, respectively. Compared with a group of untreated controls were not only those children who were instructed in proper oral hygiene but children receiving additional doses of amine fluorides as well. During the seven-year period of observation there was noted a distinct improvement in oral hygiene (OHI) as well as a reduction of gingival inflammations (PM index). Whereas additional administration of amine fluorides had no appreciable effect upon both oral hygiene and the condition of health of the gingiva there was a direct relation to the frequency of instructions in oral hygiene at school.

Child↗

PubMed1977

[Clinical-radiological parallel control of a longitudinal study of the anti-caries effect of aminofluoride applied locally for 7 years in a double-blind test].

The determination of anticarious effects of topically administered fluorine compounds is usually based on short-time cross-sectional or longitudinal studies. In a comparison made for a period of more than seven years the anticarious effects of amine fluorides administered to selected groups of test subjects have been studied under controlled clinical experimental conditions.

Child↗

PubMed2026

The Incidence of Suicide Following Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Prognosis Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) effectively manages severe obesity but may lead to psychological complications such as completed suicides and suicide attempts. This review aimed to analyze suicide and self-harm incidence post-MBS. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library databases on August 16, 2022, for longitudinal studies with incidence data on suicide following MBS. We performed a single proportion meta-analysis on the incidence of outcomes and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022352137). RESULTS: Eighty-four studies were included. The meta-analysis showed an incidence of 230.64 suicides per 100,000 participants (95% CI: 167.51 to 317.49) in pooled individual-level data and an incidence of 43.02 suicides per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 32.49 to 56.97) in pooled person-year data. Evidence was low certainty or very low certainty. CONCLUSIONS: The average suicide incidence (231 per 100,000 people) in people with obesity who underwent MBS significantly exceeded the 2019 WHO global estimate for the general population (nine per 100,000 people). These findings underscore the need to incorporate structured psychological screening and follow-up into the perioperative management process of MBS, as patient mental health may play a pivotal role in postoperative adherence and long-term outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels below the sex-specific 99th percentile with late-life dementia: the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women.

BACKGROUND: Elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) levels are linked with cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment, both of which are strong risk factors for late-life dementia (LLD). This study examined the association between hs-cTnI levels below the sex-specific 99th percentile for myocardial injury and the incidence of LLD in older women. METHODS: 986 community-dwelling women aged ≥70 years without prior LLD and with hs-cTnI <15.6 ng/L (stratified into quartiles) were included from the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women. The primary outcome was incident LLD events, including LLD hospitalisation or death, over 14.5 years obtained from linked health records. Associations between hs-cTnI and LLD outcomes were explored using multivariable-adjusted Cox models, as part of restricted cubic splines. RESULTS: At baseline, participants' mean (±SD) age was 75.2±2.7 years. Over 14.5 years of follow-up, LLD events (n=174, 17.7%), hospitalisations (n=155, 15.7%) and deaths (n=68, 6.9%) were recorded. Compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1, median 3.1 ng/L), women in the highest quartile of hs-cTnI (Q4, median 7.3 ng/L) had a greater risk of developing LLD-related events (adjusted HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.91), hospitalisation (adjusted HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.64) and death (adjusted HR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.13 to 4.59), after adjusting for established cardiovascular and dementia risk factors, including apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. CONCLUSION: Among older women, hs-cTnI levels below the sex-specific 99th percentile for myocardial injury were associated with an increased risk of LLD events over 14.5 years. These findings suggest that hs-cTnI may identify older women at higher risk of LLD, capturing both cardiovascular and brain health vulnerability in older age. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12617000640303.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Identification of Cognitive Impairment Risk in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline：A Longitudinal Study.

BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a transitional state between objective cognitive impairment and cognitively intact mental status, providing a critical window for implementing preventive interventions to delay objective cognitive decline. AIMS: We aimed to develop a predictive model for SCD progression in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This model will facilitate the identification of risk factors and establishment of targeted interventions for community-based SCD management. METHODS: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was utilized in this study, extracting 18 indicators. Potential predictors selected through univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analyses were sequentially incorporated into a multivariable Cox regression model. A nomogram was constructed to establish a predictive model. Model validation encompassed Area Under Curve (AUC) metrics for discriminative capacity, complemented by quantitative assessments using calibration curve analysis for precision verification and decision curve analysis (DCA) for clinical utility evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 1099 older adults with SCD were included in the final analysis, of whom 114 (10.3%) developed MCI. Multivariable Cox regression identified residence, marital status, educational level, social participation, gait speed, and baseline cognitive function. The model demonstrated time-dependent AUC values of 0.885, 0.830, 0.839, and 0.836 in the training set when evaluating discriminative capacity at 2-, 4-, 7-, and 9-year, respectively. The predictive model showed excellent predictive ability according to AUC, calibration curve, and DCA. CONCLUSIONS: A predictive model was created to estimate the risk of developing MCI in older individuals with SCD, offering clinician-actionable intervention benchmarks for preventive care.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Cross-omics risk scores of inflammation markers are associated with all-cause mortality: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Inflammation is a critical component of chronic diseases, aging progression, and lifespan. Omics signatures may characterize inflammation status beyond blood biomarkers. We leveraged genetics (polygenic risk score [PRS]), metabolomics (metabolomic risk score [MRS]), and epigenetics (epigenetic risk score [ERS]) to build multi-omics-multi-marker risk scores for inflammation status represented by the level of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We found that multi-omics risk scores generally outperformed single-omics risk scores in predicting all-cause mortality in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Compared with circulating inflammation biomarkers, some multi-omics risk scores had a higher hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality when including both score and circulating IL-6 in the same model (1-SD IL-6 MRS-ERS: HR = 2.20 [1.55-3.13] vs. 1-SD circulating IL-6 HR = 0.94 [0.67,1.32]. 1-SD IL-6 PRS-MRS: HR = 1.47 [1.35,1.59] vs. 1-SD circulating IL-6 HR = 1.33 [1.18, 1.51]. 1-SD PRS-MRS-ERS: HR = 1.95 [1.40, 2.70] vs. 1-SD circulating IL-6: HR = 0.99 [0.71, 1.39]). In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and Health Professional Follow-up Study with available omics, 1 SD of IL-6 PRS and 1-SD IL-6 PRS-MRS had HR = 1.12 [1.00,1.26] and HR = 1.13 [1.01,1.26] among individuals >65 years old without mutual adjustment of the score and circulating IL-6. Our study demonstrates that some multi-omics scores for inflammation markers may characterize important inflammation burden for an individual beyond those represented by blood biomarkers and improve our prediction capability for the aging process and lifespan.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Longitudinal studies of lymphocyte response to Toxoplasma antigen in humans infected with T. gondii.

Toxoplasma antigen-specific lymphocyte transformation was measured in subjects in whom the diagnosis of acute acquired Toxoplasma infection was documented and in whom the time of onset of clinical illness was carefully determined. Neither false positive nor false negative reactions to Toxoplasma antigen were seen in lymphocytes from uninfected subjects or subjects with chronic Toxoplasma infection. Lymphocytes from subjects in both of these control groups responded equally to a different antigen, streptokinase-streptodornase (SK/SD). On the initial determination, the lymphocytes of 7 of 24 subjects with acute Toxoplasma infection of less than 12 months' duration failed to transform to Toxoplasma antigen. Five of these 7 subjects were among a group of 14 who had developed clinical illness less than 3 months previously. To determine when lymphocyte transformation to Toxoplasma antigen developed, longitudinal studies were carried out in subjects with acute Toxoplasma infection whose lumphocytes failed to transform initially to Toxoplasma antigen. It was found that in all patients, lymphocytes transformed with Toxoplasma antigen eventually, though in two patients this occurred between 9 and 12 months after the initial infection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Auditory evoked potential development in early childhood: a longitudinal study.

Serial recordings of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to clicks were obtained using a vertex-mastoid derivation from 16 normal children during sleep over an age span from near birth to age 3. The AEP components studied were: N0 (38 +/- 10 msec), P1 (79 +/- 24 msec), N1 (109 +/- 39 msec), P2 (186 +/- 35 msec), N2 (409 +/- 97 msec), P3A (554 +/- 116 msec), P3B (757 +/- 121 msec) and P3 (728 +/- 128 msec). Amplitudes and latencies of the components were calculated and regressions of the measures on age were computed for the group as a whole, for each subject and for subsets of the data based on sleep stage, sex, order of stimulus presentation and a rearing/race factor. For the group as a whole the latencies of P1, P2, P3, and P3B decreased with age. The amplitudes of P1N1 and the N2P3 waves increased with age. Most change occurred during the first year of life. In general, the changes with age were also found to hold across all of the factors examined, although individuals varied widely in the degree to which they conformed to the trends found for the data as a whole. The amount contributed by each of the factors mentioned above to the total variance was estimated. The proportions varied for different EP components but, in general, age, sleep state, and subject factors other than rearing/race and sex accounted for most variance. One half to 5/6 of the unexplained variance in AEP latencies and amplitudes (i.e., that not due to age, sleep state, etc.) occurred across rather than within subjects. For both the group as a whole and for individual children, P2 and N2 latencies were found to exhibit the greatest stability across time. The results of the longitudinal study reported here were in good agreement with those of a previous study from this laboratory which utilized a cross-sectional design.

Auditory Cortex↗

PubMed1979

Longitudinal study of circulating immune complexes in a patient with Staphylococcus albus-induced shunt nephritis.

The direct measurement and partial characterization of circulating immune complexes has been performed in a longitudinal study of a patient with Staphylococcus albus-induced shunt nephritis. The high levels of immune complexes were associated with cryoglobulinaemia and hypocomplementaemia. The activation of complement was found to be via the classical pathway, but the functioning of the alternative pathway may have been impaired in vivo due to very low levels of C3. The host response to the infection was also characterized by the production of a marked macroglobulinaemia, high titres of rheumatoid factor and a typical acute phase increase in the C-reactive protein level. Immune complex levels were persistently elevated many months after the removal of the focus of the infection. A possible explanation for this surprising finding may lie in the nature of the antigens in the immune complexes. It was found that the immune complexes contained both antibodies to and antigens from Staphlococcus albus. In particular, glycerol teichoic acid and staphylococcal nuclease were identified as components of the immune complexes present during the acute phase. Glycerol teichoic acid was also identified in the immune complexes found later although other Staphylococcus albus antigens as yet unidentified were also present and persisted in the circulation for several months.

Adult↗

PubMed2025

Symptoms of Allodynia and Pain Thresholds Amongst Those with Acute Post-Traumatic Headache Attributed to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study.

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common acute and persistent symptom following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Symptoms of cutaneous allodynia and presence of nociceptive sensitization might be associated with acute PTH and its persistence. The objectives of this study were to compare allodynia symptoms and cutaneous heat pain thresholds amongst males and females with acute PTH to healthy controls (HC) and determine if pain thresholds and allodynia symptoms are associated with PTH outcomes. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 139 adults with acute PTH attributed to mTBI as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders and 95 HC. All PTH participants completed a baseline research visit near PTH onset and a follow-up visit three to four months later. All PTH participants and a subset of HC completed the Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC-12) at each research visit. A different subset of the participants underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST) during baseline, 4-week, and 16-week research visits to quantify cutaneous heat pain thresholds at the forehead and forearms. Data from daily headache diaries were used to determine longitudinal PTH improvement versus non-improvement at three months. ASC-12 score and pain threshold comparisons were made between PTH and HC groups, PTH improved versus non-improved cohorts, and between PTH males and females. RESULTS: Participants with PTH had an average age of 42.6 years and 64.0% were female. HC had an average age of 40.0 years and 65.3% were female. At the first visit, PTH participant ASC-12 scores averaged 3.6 versus 0.1 amongst HC, p < 0.001. 44.8% of PTH participants had headache improvement at 3 months. ASC-12 scores were higher in the PTH non-improved versus improved group at baseline (4.0 versus 2.4, p = 0.038) and 3-month follow-up (3.4 versus 1.9, p = 0.012). ASC-12 scores were higher in females than males at baseline (4.7 versus 1.6, p < 0.001) and 3-months (3.9 versus 1.2, p < 0.001). Cutaneous heat pain thresholds at the forehead and forearm did not differ between any group. CONCLUSIONS: PTH attributed to mTBI is associated with symptoms of cutaneous allodynia. Greater allodynia symptoms are present in females with PTH compared to males and may be associated with PTH non-improvement.

allodynia↗

PubMed1979

Developmental theory revisited: findings of longitudinal study.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2026

Diversity analysis of indoor and outdoor fungal bioaerosols in UK households: a prospective, observational, longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to indoor fungal bioaerosols is a recognised risk factor for respiratory illness, particularly in damp and poorly ventilated housing. However, the diversity and seasonal variability of these fungal communities are poorly understood. As part of the West London Healthy Home and Environment Study (WellHome), this study aimed to characterise the composition, diversity, and temporal dynamics of indoor fungal bioaerosols in urban UK homes, as compared with outdoor air, to inform future exposure baselines and policy development. METHODS: In this prospective, community-based observational study, 118 households were recruited across West London, UK, via community networks and partner organisations, prioritising families with children aged 5-17 years with asthma or allergies, from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Sampling occurred between Oct 3, 2022, and June 14, 2024. Participant data were collected via questionnaires completed by household members, capturing demographics, building characteristics, and respiratory health. Passive-air samplers were used in living rooms for 28 days during two seasonal campaigns, with concurrent outdoor sampling at four fixed community sites. Fungal bioaerosols were identified by ITS2 amplicon sequencing and quantified using broad-range quantitative PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Diversity indexes and temporal dynamics were analysed using ecological statistics and generalised additive models. FINDINGS: 118 households were enrolled, comprising 504 residents (263 women, 237 men, and four not reported). Among 504 participants who self-identified, the largest groups comprised individuals identifying as Black African (n=47), Somali (n=46), White British (n=42), and African (n=38), with additional representation from mixed race ethnic backgrounds (n=29), Black British (n=27), White (n=22), and Black Caribbean (n=18), alongside several other ethnicities each represented at lower frequencies. Of 118 households, 104 completed both seasonal campaigns and 14 completed one, yielding 262 air samples (222 indoor and 40 outdoor). DNA was successfully recovered from all samples, identifying 2027 fungal genera. Indoor environments showed significantly higher richness (mean 646 vs 495 amplicon sequence variants; p<0·0001) and Shannon diversity (4·21 vs 3·53; p<0·0001) than outdoors. Community composition differed markedly (permutational multivariate ANOVA p<0·0001), with Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Wallemia enriched indoors. Indoor fungal communities presented stronger seasonal cycling (R2=0·203) than outdoor communities (R2=0·012). Fungal burden across all homes had a median 11 043 genomic equivalence (GE); IQR 4598-20 579 GE. The highest levels were observed in homes with visible mould; one household showed elevated Aspergillus exposure linked to repeated asthma hospitalisations in a sensitised resident. INTERPRETATION: Indoor fungal bioaerosols are more diverse and dynamic than outdoor communities in urban UK homes. These findings establish foundational exposure data and highlight the need for incorporating fungal bioaerosol monitoring into public health policy to mitigate mould-related health risks. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund (SPF) Clean Air Programme.

Humans↗