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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Race-related differences in metabolic control among adults with diabetes.

The effect of race on differences in metabolic control was examined in patients with non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) and insulin-dependent (IDDM) diabetes mellitus. Data were collected on HbA1c, age, duration of diabetes, age at onset, family function, stress, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, total cholesterol, insulin dose, diet, and physical activity. Among those with NIDDM, black patients had significantly higher HbA1c levels than their white counterparts. This difference persisted after adjustment for covariates. Among patients with IDDM, black subjects were found to have higher HbA1c levels, body mass index, and total cholesterol levels than their white counterparts. After correction for diabetes duration, relative insulin dose, physical activity, body mass index, and cholesterol, black women had significantly higher HbA1c levels than black men, white men, or white women. We conclude that race and sex differences do affect the metabolic control of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Sex- and race-related differences in liver-associated serum chemistry tests in young adults in the CARDIA study.

Simultaneous multiple automated analyses of liver function can be performed quickly and cheaply, but their usefulness in mass screening is questionable. Reference intervals are frequently applied without regard to race and sex, despite the fact that reported values may vary considerably in relation to these factors. Serum analyte results for greater than 5000 black and white men and women in the CARDIA Study showed clinically and statistically significant differences by race and sex for values of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin; these differences were not explained by differences in age, body mass, reported ethanol intake, smoking, or oral contraceptive use. Results for at least one of these six tests were out of range in 38% of the men and 19% of the women. Sex- and race-specific reference intervals are recommended to decrease the frequency of values reported as abnormal in otherwise healthy young adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Level of education, diagnosis and race-related differences in MMPI performance.

MMPIs were obtained from eight groups of black and white, schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic, and highly educated and poorly educated psychiatric patients. Profiles were classified blindly by use of two rules (Sc greater than 70; Sc greater than PT). All but poorly educated blacks were classified correctly beyond a chance level. Almost half of the poorly educated black nonschizophrenics were misclassified as schizophrenic. Implications for diagnostic work were discussed.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1978

Race-related differences in HLA association with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's disease in American blacks and whites.

Ankylosing spondylitis is three times less common in American blacks than in whites. It is extremely rare in African blacks of unmixed ancestry. A histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27, which does not exist in African blacks of unmixed ancestry, and is present in eight percent of white and two to four percent of the American black population, is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's disease. B27 is present in more than 80 percent of white patients with ankylosing spondylitis or Reiter's disease but in less than 60 percent of American black patients. Other genetic and environmental factors may be of major importance in the genesis of these diseases in American blacks. For diagnostic purposes the absence of B27 is of less importance in excluding these diseases in blacks than in whites.

Arthritis, Reactive↗
PubMed1977

Race-related differences in peripheral blood and in bone marrow cell populations of American black and American white infants.

The present study confirms that in healthy infants, a racial difference exists in peripheral blood hemoglobin levels, total leukocyte, and total neutrophil counts. Racial differences in the composition of the bone marrow are negligible. The only demonstrable difference is confined to the erythroid cell population. No significant difference exists in the incidence of myeloid cells or small lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quality of care and black American patients.

Even with major advancements in medical knowledge and significant improvements in health sciences technology, evidence still exists that blacks do not enjoy as full a measure of health as do other racial and ethnic groups. To attempt a better understanding of this situation, literature was reviewed to consider relationships between being black and issues related to quality of health care. It was determined that these relationships have not been studied to any great extent, either in quantity or quality. When such studies have been undertaken, they have been limited to mostly qualitative designs, and appropriate controls for confounding variables have been minimal. The psychiatric literature reports most of the studies with very few studies found in the literature of other specialties. A conceptual model is presented regarding race-related research. It is argued that a first step might be to study whether the quality of care differs when the physician and the patient are members of different racial groups compared with when the physician and patient are members of the same racial group. In all race-related research, it is necessary to carefully consider specific variables that may confound results, eg, diagnostic errors, age, sex, socioeconomic status, level of education, geographic locale, and method of payment for health-care services.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1979

Cultural factors and attrition in drug abuse treatment.

The present study examined how race related to attrition in drug abuse treatment. 165 male voluntary admissions to an inpatient Substance Abuse Unit were tested at admission on functioning, motivation, attitudes, symptoms, and mood-using reliable and valid scales. One week later they completed a 12-factor scale measuring perception of the treatment milieu. Data were analyzed in a 2 x 2 factorial design of analysis of variance. There were 106 White subjects and 59 Blacks. The dropout rate for Blacks and Whites was 63%. Two factors measured at intake, motivation and social functioning, showed statistically significant interactions between race and attrition. Four ward perception factors showed a differential effect related to race and attrition. The White dropout and completer did not differ in how they perceived the ward. Blacks, however, who perceived the environment as being more insightful, spontaneous, autonomous, and practical remained. Although Blacks and Whites differed on many variables, only six showed race-related differences in attrition. Having higher motivation and poorer adjustment influenced Whites to stay. Factors in the environment, however, influenced Blacks. What might be considered a more "therapeutic" milieu was effective in helping Blacks remain in treatment. Knowledge of these cultural differences could help in designing treatment programs.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1975

Race and the differential "power" of the MMPI.

The interpretation that blacks' tendency to score higher on MMPI clinical scales is due to educational deprivation has been challenged by research in which, when educatation was held constant, race-related differences remained. Racial differences in type of psychopathology have seldom been controlled in part research. After establishing that a grester proportion of black psychiatric patients may receive a schizophrenic diagnosis (Study 1), MMPI protocols of black and white schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic psychiatric patients were obtained. All patients had received 12 or more years of education. Schizophrenics scored significantly higher on the MMPI F and Sc scales and nonschizophrenics tended to score higher on Pd. No race-related differences were observed on any of the 11 MMPI scales considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Adolescent verbal behavior. An investigation of noncontent styles as related to race and delinquency status.

This investigation assessed the relationship of race and delinquent status with the noncontent verbal behavior of adolescent males. A standardized videotape interview was used to ensure consistent stimulus presentation. Sixteen white and sixteen black delinquents were compared with equal numbers of nondelinquents on the noncontent verbal measures of total time (performance time), units (frequency), and latency. It was predicted that nondelinquents would be more verbal than delinquents and whites would be more verbal than blacks. No racial differences were found. Delinquents, however, were found to talk significantly less than nondelinquents and to have significantly longer verbal latencies. Discussion of these results centered on the verbal demand characteristics of certain settings, such as classrooms and court hearings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Newborn heart rate and blood pressure: relation to race and to socioeconomic class.

The effect of race and of socioeconomic class upon heart rate and systolic blood pressure distributions was examined in 247 full-term, appropriate birth weight newborns. For each newborn, heart rate and blood pressure measurements obtained during all of the non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) periods of sleep in a single test session were each averaged. Heart rate was significantly faster in black newborns than in white newborns, and this racial difference in heart rate was similar in upper socioeconomic class subjects as in lower socioeconomic class subjects. Newborn systolic blood pressure did not vary as a function of race or of socioeconomic class. Systolic blood pressure correlated positively with the number of feedings from birth, the total fluid intake from birth, and the total sodium ingested from birth.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1992

The arcuate foramen. Variability in distribution related to race and sex.

The occurrence, varieties, and distribution by race and sex of the arcuate foramina observed in 1,000 consecutively seen cervical spine radiographs are reported. The complete foramen is significantly more common in males, without any racial predilection. The partial foramen is commonest in white females. The rate of occurrence seems independent of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Conditioned autonomic responses as bidirectional indicators of racial attitude.

Present physiological techniques of attitude measurement tap attitude intensity but not attitude direction. An alternative physiological technique, based upon the phenomenon of semantic generalization of conditioned autonomic responses, was tested to determine whether it would provide a bidirectional indicator of attitude. Subjects with favorable or unfavorable self-reported attitudes toward blacks were conditioned to statements having no racial content which they had previously evaluated as "bad." Subsequently, they were presented with statements with racial content; the latter were sentences which would be differentially evaluated as "good" or "bad" by persons with dissimilar racial attitudes. It was hypothesized that racial attitude would predict conditioned autonomic responses elicited by the generalization statements. It was found that groups differing in racial attitude could be distinguished on the basis of their conditioned responses to the race-related generalization statements. Unresolved problems of interpretation are discussed.

Black or African American↗