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Posteruptive tooth migration between 6 and 14 years involves both total arch displacement and intra-alveolar tooth movement. Central incisors, canines, and permanent first molars all drift forward within the alveolar bone. The molars, and to a lesser extent the incisors, drift occlusally. With respect to lingual arch contour, lateral movement of molars and canines is negligible.
Tooth migration into jaw segments where granular hydroxy apatite had been implanted was studied in rats. To prevent premature contact with the ceramic granules, tooth germs were completely removed in the animals at the age of 10 days. Tooth root contact with the ceramo-osseous complex as a result of physiological tooth migration had deleterious effects. In the light of these findings the implantation of granular hydroxy apatite in the vicinity of tooth roots is not advisable.
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The migration of the germ of the 2nd lower molars after the extraction of all adjacent teeth in comparison to the health side was investigated in Vietnamese hanging belly pigs. The animals were killed in seven age groups so that the results could be evaluated in dependence upon the time. The biometric results reveal migratory phenomena similar to those described for humans after tooth extraction.
Changes of the dental arch dimensions after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism are very limited. Except for a decrease of the mandibular intercanine width, an increase of the mandibular intermolar width, and a decrease of the maxillary dental arch length, the dentition remains remarkably stable. It thus seems that the changed function postoperatively does not result in great changes in the position of the teeth within the jaws.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between age and clinical symptoms of periodontal disease as they were evaluated by themselves when they were presented for periodontal treatment in the private clinics of the authors during a period of ten years. A questionnaire was designed for this reason which included questions related to gingival bleeding, gingival enlargement, tooth migration and tooth mobility. 230 questionnaires were evaluated from a total of 1175 consisting a representative sample. The answers were evaluated in relation to the age of the patient. The results showed that a positive and significant relationship exists between the age and gingival bleeding, gingival enlargement, tooth migration and tooth mobility. The patients are becoming aware of two, three or four symptoms of periodontal disease during the fifth decade of life (40-49 years old). The symptoms that are mainly appearing in the groups of patients below forty are the gingival bleeding and the gingival enlargement. After the age of forty the main symptoms are tooth mobility and tooth migration. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate: a) that age could be a parameter that can influence the symptoms of periodontal disease, and b) that the bigest percentage of patients are becoming aware of the presence of symptoms of periodontal disease in a later age and when the disease has progress remarkably.
The purpose of this study was the evaluation of clinical symptoms of periodontal disease in a sample of adult periodontal patients, that were presented for periodontal treatment in the private clinics of the authors during a period of ten years. A questionnaire was designed for this reason which included questions related to gingival bleeding, gingival enlargement, tooth migration and tooth mobility. 330 questionnaires were evaluated from a total of 1175 consisting a representative sample. The results have showed that the clinical symptoms that directed patients to look for periodontal treatment were (a) gingival bleeding when brushing or spontaneously (74.78%), (b) tooth mobility (65.65%), (c) presence of gingival enlargement (60%) and (d) tooth migration (36.96%). Comparison between positive answers, in all questions in relation with the presence of the clinical symptoms of periodontal disease showed significant differences between men and women. Furthermore, women were presented for appropriate periodontal treatment with the presence of two symptoms while men with the presence of three. In conclusion gingival bleeding when brushing or spontaneously is a symptom that is easily evaluated by the patient--as the results of this study indicated--provided he knows its significance. Therefore, emphasis must be given in informing the patients regarding its significance.
Up to now, the early detection and the discriminating evaluation of periodontal insufficiency are not feasible due to the variety of conditions provoking a pathological response of the tissues. In general, the defence may be regarded as sufficient. Exceptions to this rule are periodontal changes existent already in adolescence and therapy-resistant gingivitides in which endogenous causal factors obviously predominate. A disproportion of tooth mobility to bone reduction and a tendency to abscess-formation, tooth migrations and recurrences after periodontal therapy are indicative of insufficiency. The development of a progressive course is to be compared with the breakdown of the barrier of defence. The reduction or elimination of provoking and conditioning factors prior to prosthetic therapy is considered to be the way to maintain the "stability" of the periodontal tissues.
Longitudinal studies of aboriginal children over a 20-year period have drawn attention to the wide variation in morphological features of the dentition and the way in which occlusal relationships develop. This paper summarizes some important determinants of optimal occlusal development, namely, tooth size relationships within and between dentitions, the patterns of alveolar growth, and tooth migrations during the transition from primary to permanent teeth and the nature of growth changes in the dental arches. Dental occlusion constantly changes throughout life in response to changing functional requirements. Observations limited to cross-sectional material provide an incomplete, and sometimes misleading, concept of dental occlusion and masticatory function.
Bone loss resulting from periodontal disease can precipitate spontaneous tooth migration. Teeth repositioned by orthodontic means are frequently inherently unstable and may need to be permanently retained by some form of splint. A new technique for permanent anterior splinting is described.
In comparison to the straight wire technique the segmental arch approach offers numerous biomechanical and clinical advantages. Three typical examples: controlled tooth movement, en masse space closure and deep overbite correction serve to show the spectrum and the efficiency of the segmented arch technique.
Our findings indicate a cellular basis for the connective tissue remodeling which takes place during physiologic tooth movement. This cell is the fibroblast which is capable of synthesizing and degrading collagen simultaneously and, utilizing this ability, the orderly control of collagen remodeling within the periodontal ligament is possible. It is suggested that this cellular basis of connective remodeling will have a direct significance for orthodontic tooth movement once control mechanisms have been established.
Transseptal fibers are a part of the gingival group of fibers of the periodontal membrane, and they are very tough and resistant. They form a chain from tooth to tooth which, provided that it remains intact and is sufficiently strong to resist displacing muscular pressures, will preserve the contacts between the teeth throughout the arch. If the continuity of the chain is interrupted, the balance of the forces acting upon the teeth on either side of the break is upset and considerable displacements can occur. Maxillary median diastemas are classified as "simple" or "persistent" according to their etiology, and an operation to clear the upper midline suture of transeptal fibers is described as an essential part of the treatment of persistent upper median diastema.
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This second article discusses how the inclusion of a vertical component (the infraocclusion of the deciduous molar) into the otherwise horizontal band of transseptal fibers affects the vertical development of the two adjacent teeth. From the hypothesis proposed in the first article of this series, it seemed logical to assume that the occlusal heights of the teeth adjacent to the affected tooth would themselves be lowered, when measured to the inferior border of the mandible and compared with the height of the occlusal table of the control side. Secondly, since the vertical component affects only one side of each adjacent tooth, these teeth would be tilted about a center of rotation which is much higher (coronal) than is seen in a tooth that merely tips forward as the result of available space in the immediate vicinity in the arch. In this study, both these assumptions were confirmed, with a very high degree of statistical significance.
Recently, the mechanism of action of prostaglandins in promoting bone resorption has received wide attention. Prostaglandins are used in orthodontics to shorten the period of tooth movement. PGE1 was administered locally (5 micrograms/kg every 12 hours) and systemically (7.5 ng/kg/min) to rats to study the difference in the efficacy of the two methods of administration in accelerating bone resorption. The Waldo method was used on 72 Wistar rats (8 weeks old) for 5 days to induce mesial movement of the first molar. The body weight of the rats was measured every 12 hours from the start of the experiment. Tissues were examined in the mesial surface of the mesial root and in the interradicular septum between the linguomesial root and the linguodistal root of the upper first molar. The pressure side of the mesial surface of the mesial root was studied, as well as the pressure side of the interradicular septum. The results showed that decrease in body weight during the experiment was more prominent in the local administration group than in the systemic administration group. In both the group receiving PGE1 through local administration and the group receiving PGE1 through systemic administration, the numbers of osteoclasts and Howship's lacunae were markedly increased over those in the control groups. Moreover, compared with local administration, systemic administration of PGE1 had a more marked effect on bone resorption.