[Objective visual field test using visually evoked potentials].
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Electroencephalography↗
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Results for “Visual Field Tests”
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The four-meter confrontation visual field test.
The 4-m confrontation visual field test has been successfully used at the Mayo Clinic for many years in addition to the standard 0.5-m confrontation visual field test. The 4-m confrontation visual field test is a test of macular function and can identify small central or paracentral scotomas that the examiner may not find when the patient is tested only at 0.5 m. Also, macular sparing in homonymous hemianopias and quadrantanopias may be identified with the 4-m confrontation visual field test. We recommend use of this confrontation visual field test, in addition to the standard 0.5-m confrontation visual field test, on appropriately selected patients to obtain the most information possible by confrontation visual field tests.
Hemianopsia↗
Peripheral visual field testing in glaucoma by automated kinetic perimetry with the Humphrey Field Analyzer.
A Humphrey automated perimeter was used to measure the central 24 degrees of vision with static threshold targets and the peripheral field with two automatic kinetic stimuli in 100 eyes of 100 patients with glaucoma or a suspicion of glaucoma and to compare the additional information gained with the peripheral tests. The peripheral visual field supported the diagnosis made with central field testing in approximately one third of the eyes and added additional diagnostic information in another fourth of the cases. In 4% of patients a normal central field was associated with a glaucomatous peripheral defect. Virtually all peripheral defects were in the nasal quadrant, and the more sensitive isopter uncovered the vast majority of the defects.
Automation↗
Visual field testing in the management of cytomegalovirus retinitis.
BACKGROUND: Sequential visual field testing is an extremely helpful adjunct to ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography in the management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis with the antiviral agents ganciclovir or foscarnet in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The authors studied the visual field defects found in a series of 110 patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis. METHODS: Ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed on all patients. Visual field analysis was performed with either tangent screen, Goldmann kinetic, or Humphrey automated static perimetry. RESULTS: Of 166 eyes in 110 patients with CMV retinitis, visual field defects were present initially in 92 (55%) eyes of 78 (70%) patients, and ultimately in 97 (53%) eyes of 90 patients in whom follow-up was available. Stabilization of visual field defects was indicative of controlled retinitis. CONCLUSION: Sequential visual field testing will confirm ophthalmoscopic evidence of successful antiviral treatment of CMV retinitis and will corroborate very early progression of previously controlled retinitis.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
Letter: Confrontation visual-field testing.
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Humans↗
Dynamic visual field testing using the Amsler grid patterns.
An economical and time-sparing technique of dynamic visual field testing employing the Amsler grid patterns and the Berens test targets has been developed. This method accurately detected field loss in all 38 patients and all 63 eyes with neurologic defects tested. In a group of 212 glaucomatous eyes, field defects were determined with 97% specificity.
Humans↗
A new apparatus for visual field testing with binocular fixation.
A new instrument for visual field examination with binocular fixation is described. The binocular vision was dissociated with polarizing plates. Only the point of fixation was visible to both eyes while the testing chart (Amsler chart) was visible to one eye in the use of this apparatus. The examination was done with both the patient's eyes open. With the use of this apparatus, not only was the visual line fixed steadily in order to detect various changes of the central visual field due to maculopathy or optic neuropathy and these changes were detected accurately and quickly, but also suppression scotoma associated with amblyopia or squint could be detected quantitatively.
Adolescent↗
First interprofessional standard for visual field testing. Report of Working Group 39. Committee on Vission, Assembly of Behavioran and Social Sciences, National Research Council.
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Congresses as Topic↗
The influence of visual field testing procedure on blind spot size.
Blind spots as measured by three different testing instruments were shown to be significantly different. These size variations seem to be related to the target contrast provided by the instrumentation. The need for instrument standardization in perimetry is discussed.
Adult↗
A comparison of the OKP visual field screening test with the Humphrey field analyser.
In order to determine the loss of retinal sensitivity detectable by oculokinetic perimetry (OKP), we tested 27 eyes of 27 persons with glaucoma and 32 eyes of 32 patients with ocular hypertension with the OKP screener and with a central threshold test on the Humphrey analyser. The threshold at eight locations on the OKP chart between 12.5 degrees and 15 degrees from fixation was compared with the corresponding Humphrey perimetric thresholds. Seventeen eyes from 17 patients with glaucoma failed the OKP screening test by not seeing the target at one or more locations. The mean light sensitivity threshold at points seen on OKP screening was -5.8 dB (SD 4.6 dB) from aged-matched normals (AMN), whereas points missed had a mean threshold -16.1 dB (SD 9.3 dB) from AMN. The sensitivity and specificity with which OKP testing differentiated normal points from abnormal ones in Humphrey testing was 82.5% and 80% respectively, with a threshold criterion of -12 dB from AMN. Ten eyes from 10 patients with glaucomatous defects and all of the ocular hypertensive eyes gave normal responses on the OKP screening test. The glaucomatous eyes that passed were characterized by less severe defects on the Humphrey than those who failed in terms of mean deviation (0.02 < p < 0.05) or corrected pattern standard deviation (0.01 < p < 0.02). Four of the glaucomatous eyes to pass had a nasal step as the primary field defect. None of those to fail failed only on points within 10 degrees of fixation. We suggest further modification of the OKP screening chart to improve its efficiency.
Fixation, Ocular↗
Blue versus white stimuli in ocular hypertension with the Friedmann Mark 1 Visual Field Analyser.
Fifty eyes of fifty patients with ocular hypertension had their visual fields tested on a Friedmann Mark 1 field analyser whilst wearing a Wratten 47B blue filter in a spectacle frame. All had normal visual fields to a white stimulus. Use of a scoring system with the blue field identified 11 patients (22%) with ocular hypertension as abnormal. The scores from this subgroup were indistinguishable from a group of subjects with early glaucomatous field loss, whilst the remaining scores were similar to normal subjects. These two subgroups of ocular hypertensive patients were similar in age and intraocular pressure. The use of a blue filter in front of the eye may offer a simple test to identify a subgroup of patients with ocular hypertension who are at increased risk of developing field loss.
Color↗
Permanent homonymous hemianopias following migraine.
Two patients with migraine and repetitive visual field defects of homonymous hemianopic type are reported. The visual field defects were confirmed by Goldmann perimetry and automated static perimetry. Neither computed tomography nor magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal findings. Decreased cerebral blood flow at the left basal ganglion area was the only abnormal finding detected in one patient by 123I-IMP (iodoamphetamine)-SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography), which is applicable to right homonymous hemianopia. A visual field test that includes the current automated static perimetry is important to the diagnosis and the subsequent treatment of patients with migraine, particularly those who have experienced visual negative phenomena.
Adult↗
[Proximetry as a method of ophthalmoergonomic assessment of the reaction of the visual analyzer].
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Accommodation, Ocular↗
Glaucoma: the value of a diurnal curve and Goldmann visual field.
A 35-year-old man was treated with maximum medical therapy for open-angle glaucoma. A diurnal curve revealed that the pressure was not controlled as might have been thought by a single reading. Reference is also made to the value of Goldmann visual field testing, since in this patient visual field defects were discovered with normal, healthy-appearing optic discs. A careful regimen including precise visual field testing and the plotting of the diurnal curve is most important in evaluating ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
Adult↗
Automatic testing of the visual field using electro-oculographic potentials.
The central visual field is tested using static perimetry on a tangent screen located 1 m from the patient. During the test electro-oculographic (EOG) potentials, associated with eye movements, are recorded. For this purpose two pairs of electrodes are placed in such a way that one pair records the vertical and the other the horizontal component of the EOG potential. The EOG signals that are produced when the tested eye moves toward the light target on the screen are digitized and fed into a computer programmed to relate each pair of signals to the specific lamp on the tangent screen. The results of the test appear on a computer-printed chart that shows the distribution of the lamps on the testing board together with the information whether the lamp was seen by the subject. This method of visual field testing is both objective and automatic.
Automation↗
Refsum's disease. Eye manifestations in a patient treated with low phytol low phytanic acid diet.
The cardinal eye symptoms of Refsum's disease are night blindness, retinal pigmentary degeneration and constriction of the visual fields. Similarities with or differences from retinitis pigmentosa are discussed. A 39-year-old male has had manifestations of Refsum's disease from the age of 7 years and has been on a low phytol low phytanic acid diet for the last 13 years. Peripheral ring scotomas were present. Some reduction of the visual fields has been recorded, but only in the far periphery. The central field has not been significantly constricted during a 7-year period. Very good visual functions were found within this area. All cone mechanisms were functioning at a normal level. A moderately reduced sensitivity level of the rod mechanism could be explained in a great measure by poor pupillary dilation in the dark. In this patient minimal or no progression of the visual findings was apparent. Probably an effect of treatment, there is little resemblance with ordinary retinitis pigmentosa. ERG showed moderate abnormality. Normal conducting time was found by VER. With fluorescein angiography a central area of normal appearance was sharply outlined in contrast to marked degenerations in paracentral regions.
Adult↗
A simplified stimulus value notation using preferred stimulus combinations for Goldmann quantitative perimetry.
In an effort to return to the simplicity intended by Goldmann, the authors propose adoption of a two-digit stimulus value (SV) nomenclature for defining targen area luminance and contrast on a properly standardized Goldmann-type perimeter. The system is designed to aid the examiner in target selection, mental interpolation and isopter construction, and to facilitate computer manipulation.
Adult↗
The screening of the central visual field.
The Armaly technique, a method of screening for glaucomatous field defects was evaluated in 100 normal eyes and 38 selected central field defects using the Goldmann perimeter and the Auto-Plot tangent screen. The screening results obtained from the Goldmann perimeter and the tangent screen using the selective perimetry of Armaly were compared with the results obtained from the Friedmann central field analyser. Testing normal eyes we found the highest initial false positive rate with the Friedmann analyser and the lowest initial false positive rate with the Auto-Plot tangent screen. The specificity of the Friedmann analyser for detecting early central field changes is less than the Goldmann perimeter or the Auto-Plot tangent screen when using Armaly's technique. On the other hand, the Friedmann analyser turned out to be the easiest instrument to handle and requires least experiences for the observer. Some problems of mass screening perimetry are discussed.
Glaucoma↗