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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1977

Herpetic whitlow as part of genital virus infection.

Lesions on fingers or hands caused by Herpesvirus hominis have in the past been attributed to inoculation with virus-containing oropharyngeal secretions. Often these "herpetic whitlows" were caused by H. hominis type 1 and occurred in medical personnel. A recent series of 13 recurrent "herpetic whitlows" yielded 11 isolates of H. hominis type 2 and only two of H. hominis type 1. None of the subjects was engaged in patient care, and none had oral or facial herpetic lesions. Nine of the 11 infections due to H. hominis type 2 were in females, and more than half were associated with genital herpetic lesions. Herpetic finger or hand lesions in adults appear to be a common part of genital virus infections caused by H. hominis type 2 and are not associated with infections acquired in hospitals or during primary gingivostomatitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Methadone matinenance patients' self-perceived factors responsible for successful rehabilitation.

Forty methadone maintenance patients most frequently attributed their past and future successful drug-free rehabilitation to the following factors: A supportive relationship, particularly with a drug-free individual, a satisfying job, and personal coping skills. Conversely, the absence or withdrawal of these events was associated with subsequent reinvolvement with excessive drug use. The importance of incorporating patients' phenomenological experiences and self-appraisals of success into clinical interventions is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Development of type I cells of the rabbit subclavian glomera (aortic bodies): a light, fluorescence and electron microscopic study.

The embryogenesis of the subclavian glomera (aortic bodies) is controversial. Past investigators have attributed the development of the Type I cells to mesodermal and/or neural elements. Based on the results of the present light microscopic, fluorescence histochemical and electron microscopic study of rabbit aortic bodies from 16 days of gestation (term:31 days) to four days postpartum, it appears that the Type I glomus cell are derived from cells of neural crest origin. The subclavian anlage is associated with cells of neural crest origin. The subclavian glomus anlage is associated with cells of vagal origin throughout its development. Evidence of Type I cell development from pre-existing mesodermal condensations is not observed. Type I cells exhibit formaldehyde-induced-fluorescence by the twentieth day of gestation. Dense-cored cytoplasmic vesicles are apparent by the sixteenth day of gestation. The number of cytoplasmic vesicles increases steadily, but the greatest increase of vesicles is observed between the twenty-eighth day of gestation and birth. Primitive Type I glomus cells exhibit abundant polysomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum indicative of synthetic activity. Nerve terminals are apparent adjacent to Type I cells by the twentieth day of gestation, but synaptogenesis does not occur until sometime between the twenty-fourth and twenty-eighth days of gestation. Abundant vascularity, characteristic of chemosensory glomera, is not achieved until the twenty-eighth day of gestation.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Effect of human serum from patients with haematological disorders on mouse pluripotent haemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S).

Sera from 25 individuals (9 healthy subjects, 6 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 10 patients with a variety of haematological disorders) were tested for anti-CFU-S by incubating suspensions of mouse marrow cells with serum and then assaying the cell suspensions for their capacity to form spleen nodules in lethally irradiated mice. The sera from 2 patients (1 with a preleukaemic disorder and the other with a malignant 'histio'-lymphoproliferative neoplasm) had anti-CFU-S activity which behaved like antibodies, rather than like the non-specific cytotoxic activity found in various sera for heterologous tissues, which in the past has been attributed to 'natural antibodies' and which, in recent years, has, in some cases, been found to be related to activation of the alternative pathway of complement. The anti-mouse tissue activity in the sera of the 2 patients may be related either to cross-reactivities between certain mouse and human tissues or to cross-reactivities between exogenous agents such as bacteria and mouse tissues.

Absorption↗

PubMed1979

[Progress in prevention and control of urological complications associated with carcinoma of the cervix. Third communication: Renographic representation of functional disorders of the upper urinary tract (author's transl)].

Reported in this paper is the use of isotope nephrography in longitudinal examinations of 151 patients with cervix carcinoma who had undergone radical abdominal or vaginal surgery in the Gynaecological Hospital of Charité Berlin, between 1971 and 1973. Also included were 140 patients whose carcinoma treatment dated back nine to 15 years. While functional disturbances of the upper urinary tract within the five-year follow-up period dropped continuously from about 29 to five per cent in recent time, persisting disorders of secretion and/or ureteral dynamics recorded in ING checks from 16.4 per cent of earlier carcinoma treatments. The number of pathological isotope nephrograms recorded presurgically from patients who eventually died of recurrent carcinoma had been five times as high (49 per cent) as that recorded from cured patients. Only to some extent had those findings been attributable to the given carcinoma stage. Routine ING (isotope nephrography) also helped to identify nine cases of carcinoma recurrence, and its systematic use facilitated just as many decisions on fistulation of the functionally better kidney in cases of imminent anuria (uraemia). Yet, as a whole voiding disorders of the upper urinary tracts have decreased in the authors' hospital, as compared to records in the past. That improved situations is attributed to progress in carcinoma therapy but even more to energetic early action against urinary tract infections and postsurgical impairment of bladder voiding as well as to high-continuity monitoring of renal and ureteral functions. ING, today, deserves a firm position in all after-care programmes following treatment of cervical carcinoma.

Female↗

PubMed1976

The aetiology of diarrhoea in newborn infants.

Diarrhoea is a common problem in newborn infants in hospital nurseries. In the past, sporadic diarrhoea was often attributed to dietary indiscretion by the mother, and epidemic diarrhoea was though to be caused by an unknown infectious agent. Techniques with which to locate non-cultivable viruses and untypable enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli allow reevaluation of the aetiology of diarrhoea in newborn infants. Preliminary results from Melbourne, Australia, suggest that most diarrhoea in newborn infants is induced by a specific infectious agent. During 1975 the agent most often identified from sporadic and epidemic diarrhoea in hospital nurseries was a reovirus-like particle ("duovirus"). Enterotoxin-producing strains of E. coli were rarely isolated. Future attempts to protect newborn infants from developing diarrhoea must be based on an accurate understanding of the aetiology of this disease.

Australia↗

PubMed1978

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome after long-term chlorpromazine therapy.

Following 6 years of continuous chlorpromazine therapy for schizophrenia, a young woman developed multifocal tics and vocalizations characteristic of Tourette syndrome. The symptoms first appeared when chlorpromazine was withdrawn. They were permanent, although partially ameliorated by chronic haloperidol therapy. Because of her age and past history, these symptoms were attributed to chronic neuroleptic therapy analogous to neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia, rather than to Tourette syndrome per se. These symptoms suggest that chronic receptor-site blockade can result in hypersensitivity of dopamine receptor sites, and that this may play a role in the pathophysiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. This is the first evidence that hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors is involved in the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Funding impact of the National Cancer Act and beyond.

During the seven years following passage of the National Cancer Act of 1971, the appropriation for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) was increased by nearly $700 million. A major effect of the Act has been increased funding for grants-in-aid, which rose from $93 million in fiscal year (FY) 1970 to over $416 million in FY 1978. Grants programs account for over 60% of the total N. CI extramural research budget and are divided into four broad categories; research; training (including fellowships); cancer control; and construction. For the first 4 years following passage of the Act, funding for all grants programs increased dramatically. However, growth began to slow in 1976, and the deceleration is continuing. Total NCI obligations for FY 1978 increased at a rate of 7% (as opposed to an increase of 20.3% in FY 1975), which merely managed to keep pace with the estimated Biomedical Inflation Factor of 6.8%. Traditional grants have more than doubled in average cost over the past 10 years, a growth attributable to inflation, more sophisticated and expensive equipment and supplies, and, in some cases, more ambitious projects. The principal types of research grants include: traditional, investigator-initiated research; program projects, a team approach directed toward a common goal; and "core" support used to fund administrative and shared equipment costs of cancer centers. In FY 1977, the actual number of traditional grants awarded declined for the first time in 7 years, while the number of applications for both new and renewal grants increased at an unprecedented rate. Coincidentally, the number of traditional grants awarded this fiscal year increased by 4%, enabling the figure to exactly match that in 1978. While support for traditional grants has remained in the forefront of NCI funding, money for program projects and core support has increased at a greater rate in recent years. However, unlike the years immediately following the Act, emphasis is now being placed on core support (which increased by 9.4% in FY 1978) and program project grants (up 5.1%), as opposed to the exploratory grants necessary to initiate cancer centers. Funds allocated for construction in the wake of the Act are now being reduced, as the pace of development of new centers begins to slow. Although the number of grant awards has decreased, young investigators (35 years old or younger) continued to receiving a significant share of NCI funds, and, in fact, are faring better than older investigators in terms of recommendation, previously referred to as "approval," and award rates. Awards to foreign scientists increased steadily after the Act, achieving their greatest dollar increase ever in FY 1977; in FY 1978, however, they declined by more than 6%. As part of the NCI reorganization plan instituted by NCI Director Arthur C...

History, 20th Century↗

PubMed1978

Productivity of ospreys in Connecticut--Long Island increases as DDE residues decline.

Nesting success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) breeding in the Connecticut--Long Island area has increased since 1973 and is now approaching the levels recorded prior to the 1950's. Simultaneously, DDE and dieldrin residues have declined in unhatched eggs. Levels of polychorinated biphenyls have shown no changes over the period 1969 to 1976. The increase in productivity is attributed primarily to lower levels of DDE contamination. Detrimental effects in the past on ospreys in the Connecticut River estuary are attributed to local contamination with dieldrin.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hip arthroplasty by matching cups.

A total hip surface arthroplasty consisting of matching cups and uncemented prosthetic components is a noteworthy operation. The femoral cup obtains cylindrical support from the femoral head which is reamed in the shape of a cylinder. The acetabular cup is metallic with a polyethylene liner. It is mobile over the bone but its position is constrained by contact with the femoral cup and therefore "self-centering." On the femoral side, the cup must be placed strictly in the axis of the femoral neck. The main consideration in femoral head surface replacement is the vitality of the underlying bone. Necrosis was observed in the earliest clinical trials but there have been no cases of necrosis in the past 3 1/2 years. This is attributed to a more limited surgical approach in which only the anterior part of the gluteus medius is divided and all the posterior elements of the hip are preserved. The acetabulum is sufficiently reamed to receive the cup, which protrudes beyond the external margins of the acetabulum in all positions. Errors have been committed while perfecting the prosthetic material, but the results as determined by a 6 1/2 year follow-up on purely metallic cups are encouraging. Metal-polyethylene cups presently under investigation have almost a 2 year follow-up. The reaction of the acetabulum to an uncemented cup is not yet known. However, the existence of 2 sliding surfaces and the fact that the acetabular cup moves only during the extremes of hip movement, is reason to assume that if the acetabulum is not reamed to expose cancellous bone, the risks of protrusion are minimal or delayed. Total surface arthroplasty by concentric cups has been performed in 335 hips to date. The operation is especially recommended when osteotomy is no longer possible and disabling coxarthrosis is present in relatively young patients.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed2026

Metabolomic and structural signatures of pigmented and non-pigmented Himalayan rice landraces.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the anti-oxidant properties, starch composition, pasting behavior, structural properties, textural properties and non-targeted metabolomic profiles of pigmented and non-pigmented rice landraces as potential next-generation functional food ingredients. RESULTS: Pigmented rice demonstrated 1.34 times more anti-oxidant activity as compared to non-pigmented rice. Pigmented landraces showcased superior nutritional and functional attributes, including higher total dietary fiber and starch content. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed distinct molecular signatures with enhanced peak transmittance, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated greater crystallinity ranging from 36-44.3% in pigmented rice compared with 30-40% in non-pigmented rice, suggesting improved digestibility and processing versatility. Pigmented rice recorded less amylose content hence tended to possess increased adhesiveness values whereas non-pigmented rice revealed greater amylose content hence was coupled with greater hardness values. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed that pigmented rice had densely packed and polygonal starch granules whereas non-pigmented rice had loosely packed starch granules with intergranular voids. Untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling identified 84 metabolites, including unique compounds such as 3,3-dimethylbutanol and ethanoic acid, along with shared metabolites such as sucrose and linoleic acid, highlighting notable biochemical diversity. Multivariate statistical analyses using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway mapping further differentiated the metabolomic landscapes, with variable importance in the projection (VIP) scores identifying key bioactive contributors. CONCLUSION: Pigmented rice landraces exhibited significant functional and nutritional advantages, making them promising candidates for functional food development and nutritional improvement programs. These findings support their potential role in advancing sustainable and health-oriented food systems. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Oryza↗

PubMed2026

Liver Cancer Risk and Incidence Attributable to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Meta-Analysis and Population-Attributable Modeling Study of Over 1.2 Million Individuals.

HIV-induced immune suppression and chronic inflammation elevate the risk of cancer progression. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between January 1, 1984 and October 13, 2023 to assess the association between HIV infection and liver cancer. People living with HIV (PLHIV) had a higher risk (pooled relative risk = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.72-4.15). The global PAF for HIV-attributed liver cancer was 1.43% in 2019, with a three-fold increase over the past 30 years. The Asia-Pacific region recorded the second highest new cases of HIV-attributed liver cancer in 2019, and the highest age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in Eastern and Southern Africa. Particularly, the ASIR of HIV-attributed liver cancer increased rapidly in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, with the highest estimated annual percentage change reaching 22.98%. PLHIV have an increased risk and incidence of liver cancer. In regions with high burden of HIV-attributed liver cancer, it is essential to integrate prevention and effective treatment for HIV, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver cancer.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Mortality from pneumonia and risk conditions during influenza epidemics. High influenza morbidity during nonepidemic years.

Increases in mortality from pneumonia and high-risk chronic diseases have not occurred during recent influenza epidemics. Excess mortality during the past four influenza epidemics in the United States is attributable to influenza reported as a primary cause of death, and the average excess was only about 4,000 deaths per epidemic. Most clinical influenza severe enough to cause hundreds of millions of days of bed disability during nonepidemic as well as epidemic years is not caused by the influenza viruses. During the nonepidemic year of 1973 to 1974, there were 61,841,000 episodes of clinical influenza severe enough to put people to bed for an average of 3.6 days. In my judgment there is now no basis for recommending annual administration of influenza vaccines to so-called high-risk groups and persons over 64 years of age.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2026

Recurrent hybridization shapes the diversification of Western Palearctic common toads (Bufo bufo complex).

Glacial cycles repeatedly fragmented temperate species into refugial populations, fostering divergence as a first stage towards speciation. Yet, interglacial expansions often reconnected these lineages, allowing gene flow to erode differentiation and reshape phylogeographic trajectories. We investigate these dynamics in Western Palearctic common toads (Bufo bufo complex), integrating genome-wide ddRAD-seq loci with an extensive mitochondrial dataset. Phylogenomic analyses resolved the three recognized species B. eichwaldi, B. spinosus and B. bufo, and within the latter, four major lineages distributed across the Apennine Peninsula, the Balkans, the Caucasus, and northern Europe. Mitochondrial and nuclear patterns were deeply discordant, and different approaches of historical gene flow inferences all supported past hybridization. In particular, our analyses suggest that the Caucasian population, previously attributed to the disputed species "B. verrucosissimus" based on its deeply divergent mtDNA, represents a shallow nuclear lineage within B. bufo and forms a broad intergradation zone with the Balkan lineage in Anatolia, arguing against a species status. Altogether, these results highlight a recurrent process in which refugial lineages do not diverge in strict isolation but repeatedly experience gene flow, thus reducing opportunities to speciate, and blurring tree-based phylogeographic and systematic hypotheses.

Amphibia↗

PubMed1977

Response-selection processes in paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia.

Previous research (Marshall, 1973) has shown that the most pronounced component of deficit on a choice reaction time task among a mixed schizophrenic sample involved response-selection processes. Other evidence has indicated that paranoids may be more deficient in this respect than nonparanoids. Hence, it was hypothesized that the former subgroup of schizophrenics would display response-selection deficit while the latter subgroup would display either less or no deficit. Response-selection processes were re-examined using the CRT paradigm with comparisons carried out among paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics and a group of nonschizophrenic controls. Results indicated that only the paranoid schizophrenics displayed abnormally retarded response-selection operations, the nonparanoid schizophrenics being nonsignificantly discriminable from the controls. It was suggested that past evidence of CRT response-selection deficit among mixed schizophrenics might have been attributable primarily to the performance of the paranoids, whose performance appears to be adversely affected by an increase in the number of dimensions relevant to response selection.

Association↗

PubMed1979

Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: inquiries into depression and rape.

Two types of self-blame--behavioral and characterological--are distinguished. Behavioral self-blame is control related, involves attributions to a modifiable source (one's behavior), and is associated with a belief in the future avoidability of a negative outcome. Characterological self-blame is esteem related, involves attributions to a relatively nonmodifiable source (one's character), and is associated with a belief in personal deservingness for past negative outcomes. Two studies are reported that bear on this self-blame distinction. In the first study, it was found that depressed female college students engaged in more characterologial self-blame than nondepressed female college students, whereas behavioral self-blame did not differ between the two groups; the depressed population was also characterized by greater attributions to chance and decreased beliefs in personal control. Characterological self-blame is proposed as a possible solution to the "paradox in depression." In a second study, rape crisis centers were surveyed. Behavioral self-blame, and not characterological self-blame, emerged as the most common response of rape victims to their victimization, suggesting the victim's desire to maintain a belief in control, particularly the belief in the future avoidability of rape. Implications of this self-blame distinction and potential directions for future research are discussed.

Depression↗

PubMed1979

[Internal abdominal hernia caused by anomaly of the falciform ligament (a case report)].

The authors describe a truly uncommon case of internal abdominal hernia attributable to malformation of the falciform ligament. The patient, a man aged 26, had complained in the past of cramping pain in the epigastric region, usually occurring after meals and sometimes ending with vomiting of ingested food; but all diagnostic methods and procedures had consistently ruled out any extant pathology of the stomach, duodenum, biliary tract, or pancreas. Present hospitalization was justified by a clinical picture suggesting peritonitis from perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer. At operation the authors found a strangulated loop of small intestine following left-to-right migration through a hole in the falciform ligament of the liver. In the authors' interpretation the background cause of the trouble was incomplete development of the falciform ligament, and the immediate cause of the acute episode was abnormal motility and exaggerated peristalsis of the ileum, possibly due to the presence of a diverticulum; the latter two conditions are invoked as a possible explanation for the repeated episodes of abdominal pain in the patient's history.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Spousal abuse.

Spouse abuse is being discussed and agonized over more frequently than in past years. Although interpousal and intrafamilial violence have been behaviors of note and considerable consequence, they have been attributable, almost exclusively, to the lower socioeconomic classes. Many hypotheses have been proposed concerning the etiology of violence. The author discusses some of the more general sociopolitical theories of violence and proposes three areas of significant moment to behaviorists.

Adult↗