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Biomedical subjects

A Böcking

Publications and source records attributed to A Böcking.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cytology of prostatic carcinoma. Quantification and validation of diagnostic criteria.

The validity of diagnostic criteria for the cytologic differentiation between benign and malignant cases and between normal (hyperplastic) and inflammation-activated (prostatitis) prostatic cells was tested by means of semiautomated image analysis and cytophotometry. The following criteria were found to have significant differences between benign and malignant prostatic cells: nucleoli (number, size and size variability), regularity of nuclear arrangement, anisonucleosis, nuclear size, nuclear polymorphism and dissociation of cells. The following criteria were found to be invalid for the detection of prostatic cancer cells: nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromasia and anisochromasia. the cytologic diagnosis of prostatic cancer was achieved by observing a variable constellation of at least three of six pathognomically altered diagnostic criteria. No fixed pattern of diagnostic criteria was found either for prostatic cancer cells in general or for the different malignancy grades.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

Rapid diagnostic DNA cytometry with an automatic microscope and a TV image-analysis system.

A TV-based image-analysis system (Leitz TAS plus) combined with a Leitz automatic microscope was used for rapid DNA cytometry for diagnostic purposes. Malignant or suspicious cells found by the cytopathologists in conventionally stained smears were automatically relocated and measured. A program for automatic detection and measurement of nuclear DNA content was developed. DNA data are processed by an algorithm for the diagnosis and grading of malignancy. This diagnostic procedure is performed in real time and yields highly reproducible results. With this equipment, diagnostic DNA cytometry may be introduced in the routine cytology laboratory. Our mode of application does not replace the cytopathologist, but assists him or her in cases of doubtful diagnosis and in the grading of malignant tumors.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1984

Algorithm for a DNA-cytophotometric diagnosis and grading of malignancy.

An algorithm for processing data on nuclear DNA content obtained cytophotometrically was developed (1) to obtain an objective discrimination between benign and malignant lesions in conventional cytologic smears secondarily stained according to Feulgen and (2) to obtain an objective degree of tumor malignancy on a continuous scale of malignancy grades. Investigations in 258 malignant tumors (95 malignant lymphomas, 52 uterine cervix carcinomas, 28 prostate carcinomas, 18 breast carcinomas, 45 malignant bone tumors and 19 larynx carcinomas) and in 74 benign lesions in these organs yielded a diagnostic accuracy of no false-positive, no false-negative and 21% suspicious diagnoses. The probability that "suspicious" cases were malignant was 81%. The overall diagnostic accuracy for non-negative cases thus amounted to 100%. Results in 95 patients with different malignant lymphomas and in 16 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx demonstrated the prognostic validity of the DNA-grading system.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1984

[Pathology and epidemiology of prostatic cancer].

Cancer of the prostate is a tumor of older men (average age 71 years). Since 1975, in the Federal Republic of Germany the mortality rate of prostatic cancer has not further increased in men over 50 years of age. Its letality rate averages 50%. Since the introduction of the early cancer detection program for men in 1971, carcinomas of the prostate are identified at an yearly increasing rate. In more than 50% of men over the age of 80 latent cancer of the prostate is present. Early prostatic carcinoma primarily spreads intraprostatically and will usually not metastasize after having extended beyond the capsule of the organ. Following lymphatic spread to the regional pelvic lymph nodes, osseous metastases will occur (lumbar vertebral column and pelvic bone) through blood circulation. Only in a late stage lungs and liver will be involved. Cancer of the prostate is staged according to the TNM system. Microscopical diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma is today possible with the same diagnostic accuracy histologically as well as cytologically. The transrectal aspiration biopsy procedure for the cytological diagnosis is followed by nearly no complications and is less distressing for the patient than the punch biopsy. A prognostically valid grading of tumor malignancy is possible by histological as well as by cytological investigation. The prognosis of treated grade I patients is not reduced in comparison to that of healthy males of the same age. Precancerous lesions in the prostate have not yet been ascertained. The effectiveness of radio-therapy applied to prostatic cancer can histologically and cytologically be controlled at the earliest 1 year after discontinuation of therapy

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Cytological diagnosis of the prostate].

The historical development is described for the technique of transrectal aspiration biopsy of the prostate [23, 25] and for the cytological diagnosis of prostatic cancer [6, 12, 19]. The cytological criteria for the diagnosis of prostatic cancer and its different malignancy grades, its regression after therapy, other malignancies of the prostate and the various forms of prostatitis are described in detail. The validity of the histological and cytological diagnosis of the prostate are compared. The accuracy of the histological and the cytological diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma is judged as being equal for both procedures with about 3% false positives and about 7% false negatives each. Both procedures allow a prognostically valid and reproducible grading of malignancy of prostatic cancer. For evaluation of tumor regression after therapy the histological investigation of a punch biopsy is preferred. By cytological investigation a histogenetic classification of most prostatic tumors is possible. It is also possible to differentiate cytologically the various forms of prostatitis. Except for rare, exceptional cases, the cytological diagnosis of prostatic lesions is equivalent to the histological diagnosis, but requiring a skilled cytologist. Aspiration biopsy of the prostate is less risky and less uncomfortable for the patient than the punch biopsy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

[Cytophotometric and automated cytodiagnosis].

The different validity of DNA-cytophotometric parameters to morphometric ones for the automated cytological diagnosis of cancer is discussed and demonstrated for prostatic-, cervical- and lymph-node cytology by own measurements. Nuclear-DNA-cytophotometry used for the automation of cytological diagnosis of malignancy has the following advantages compared to image analysis: 1) DNA-cytophotometry mostly yields more sensitive parameters for the diagnosis of malignancy than image analysis does and thus results in greater diagnostic accuracy. 2) Cytological diagnosis of malignancy may often be possible in earlier stages of the tumor-history with nuclear-DNA-parameters compared to morphological parameters. 3) The prognostic validity of nuclear-DNA-distribution is probably greater than of cytomorphological parameters. 4) The parameters of nuclear-DNA-distribution for cytodiagnosis and grading of malignancy are the same for most of the human tumors in contrast to morphological parameters which are different for histogenetically different tumor. 5) Processing time for the automated diagnostic procedure of the slides will be much shorter if the Feulgen-stain for DNA is used instead of the Papanicolaou-stain for image analysis. One disadvantage of nuclear DNA-measurements as a diagnostic toll is the fact that cytopathologists cannot fully control the diagnostic process and results with their own eyes in Feulgen-stained slides. Meanwhile, however, even in other medical disciplines diagnosis are made by objective measurements of parameters which are not discernible by the human eye. That diagnostic procedure has to be accepted which yields the most accurate and reproducible diagnosis in the shortest time. It is recommended to combine cytomorphological and DNA-cytophotometric parameters as diagnostic tools for automated cytodiagnosis in Feulgen-stained slides.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1983

[Cytomorphologic and cytophotometric studies in malignant midline reticulosis].

Biopsies of two patients with a clinical diagnosis of lethal midline granuloma were examined by electron microscopy, histology and cytology. Morphological changes included necrosis, inflammation, and infiltration of atypical histiocytic cells. Judging by the cellular characteristics, the DNA-content and -distribution pattern, this localised, invasive and destructive lesion is a low-grade malignant histiocytic tumour. Our results show that final tumour diagnosis can only be established by special cytological methods.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Combined histologic grading of prostatic carcinoma.

A new histologic grading system for prostatic adenocarcinomas is presented, and its clinical significance tested. Histologic growth patterns and nuclear anaplasia found therein are evaluated independently of each other. The diagnostic categories are in accordance with the histologic classification recently published by the WHO. The tumor is denominated according to the least differentiated fraction. Three grades of malignancy, which correspond to significantly different survival probabilities, are distinguished. The prognosis of grade I patients is not reduced in comparison to that of healthy males of the same age. Grade I patients did not reveal metastases. The rate of tumor-specific deaths increases with the malignancy grade of the tumor. Interobserver reproducibility of this grading is found to be 91%. With 5% undergradings, the representativity is found to be satisfactory. Prostatic carcinomas tend to change their malignancy grades in time. The question of whether grade I prostatic carcinoma patients with early clinical stages benefit from therapy is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Dynamics of non-specific esterase during fat resorption in the jejunum of the house mouse, Mus musculus.

The dynamics of non-specific esterase in the upper duodenum of the house mouse was studied electron microscopically at various intervals following a fat meal. Enterocytic esterase became associated with lipid droplets during fat resorption and formation of primary chylomicrons. Esterase activity remained associated with the primary chylomicrons throughout the process of extrusion into the extracellular space at the lateral interdigitations, and during subsequent transport into the lymph vessels. It is suggested that certain isozymes of non-specific esterase participate in lipid transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Urethane-induced lung hyperplasia: carboxylesterase isozymes as markers in lung pathology.

Following a 3- to 5-week exposure to urethane (0.1 per cent in drinking water) a 2-fold increase of total esterase activity per lung was observed. The specific activity of lung esterase was raised from 23 to 31 units per gm. wet weight. Concomitantly, the number of esterase-positive cells (predominately type II alveolar lining cells (pneumocytes and macrophages) increased. As a consequence of urethane treatment, abundant esterase-rich lamellar bodies looked as if they had just been extruded into the alveolar space. This reaction suggests that, even in pathologic states, esterase activity is associated with lamellar bodies. Electrophoretically, esterase-1 was increased and the pattern of esterase-7 was changed, whereas the other isozymes of carboxylesterase did not differ from the control. The hypothesis is made that multilamellar bodies are the subcellular sites of esterase-7 and that macrophages are the location of esterase-1. Since distinct carboxylesterase isozymes seem to be specifically associated with different subcellular structures of the lung and their activity increases in lung hyperplasia, they may be useful marker enzymes for physiologic and pathologic events in lung function.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Histologic grading of prostatic carcinoma.

The histologic pattern of differentiation of prostate carcinoma and its grade of nuclear anaplasia was correlated with survival time in 197 patients with treated disease. In the histologic classification of prostatic carcinoma (Hohbach and Dhom, 1972) four patterns of growth are distinguished, which have different life expectancies. The survival probabilities of treated well and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma do not show a significant difference when compared to age-matched male control groups. However, the survival probabilities in patients with cribriform and anaplastic carcinoma are significantly poorer. Even in metastatic carcinoma, the histologic pattern of differentiation seems to influence the survival probability. The grade of nuclear anaplasia (mild, moderate, marked) correlates well with the survival probability as well. The survival probability of patients with mild nuclear anaplasia does not differ from age-matched healthy males. Thus, a combined grading system (grades 0-5) is suggested which combines histologic pattern and nuclear anaplasia. In tumors with several structural patterns the most poorly differentiated one is evaluated. The reproducibility and validity of prognostic statements is more significant with the combined grading system than with only one single diagnostic criterion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Morphometrical analysis of an ultrahistochemical demonstration of nonspecific esterases in hepatocytes of mice after fructose overload.

Changes in ultrastructural distribution patterns of nonspecific esterases (E.C. 3.1.19) are described quantitatively by means of morphometry. Esterases were demonstrated with O-acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (Q-O-2) and S-acetyl-8-mercaptoquinoline in livers of normally and exclusively fructose-fed mice. Conditions are discussed, under which the quantification of the ultrastructural products of enzyme histochemical reactions may be possible. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibit no alteration in enzyme distribution with both substrates since the enzyme-occupied proportion of each compartment remains the same despite an overall decrease of both compartments. Likewise an increase of O-acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-esterase at fat droplets corresponds to the increase in total surface of the fat. S-acetyl-8-mercaptoquinoline-positive fat surface however reveals an increase far beyond that of the total fat surface. The results support the hypothesis that a variety of esterases with different substrate spectra are present at the subcellular level in different cell compartments.

Animals↗