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Biomedical subjects

A García

Publications and source records attributed to A García.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Etiologic diagnosis of pneumonia in HIV-AIDS patients. Usefulness of fibrobronchoscopy].

AIM: to assess the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the etiologic diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with AIDS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: in 25 patients with AIDS and pneumonia, 31 fiberoptic bronchoscopies with bronchoalveolar lavage were performed; in 11 occasions, a transbronchial biopsy was also performed. RESULTS: in 24 of the 31 procedures (77%) an etiologic diagnosis was made. There were 7 false negative results; in two of these patients, a repeated examination allowed an etiologic diagnosis. The etiologies of the infiltrates were pyogenic bacteria in 14 cases. Pneumocystis carinii in 9, mycobacteria in 3, cytomegalovirus in one and a lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in one. In 5 patients, the association of two or more etiological agents was observed. Except one case, all patients had a good response to specific treatments. There were no complications attributed to the bronchoscopic procedure. CONCLUSIONS: fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage are safe and effective procedures for the etiologic diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with AIDS.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Morphologic and functional heart changes in a group of healthy elderly individuals aged 70 years and over].

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND. The increasing age of the population, makes necessary to have "normal values" in order to make diagnosis and treatment in this population group. The purpose of this study is to determine the morphological and functional changes in a group of healthy aged above 70 years. METHODS: We studied 125 subjects older than 70 years, mean of 74.9 and 50 healthy aged 9-45, with a mean of 25.8, who served as control group. Twenty-five were excluded by history, chest X-Ray, ECG and Echocardiogram because cardiac disease. An echocardiographic M and 2D and pulsed Doppler study, was done to obtained several morphological and systolic and diastolic function parameters. A good quality echo to measure morphologic and systolic function was obtained in 69 study group patients. In all study and control group, was obtained a good quality mitral flow signal to measure diastolic function.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of noradrenaline-stimulated cyclic GMP formation in brain astrocytes in culture.

Cyclic GMP accumulation induced by noradrenaline in astrocyte-enriched primary cultures from rat cerebrum involves synthesis of NO, as evidenced by the competitive inhibition exerted by the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (IC50 = 3 microM). Furthermore, the noradrenaline effect was potently inhibited by haemoglobin (IC50 = 25 nM) and potentiated by superoxide dismutase, indicating that NO synthesis and cyclic GMP formation may occur in different subsets of astrocytes. Investigation of the receptors implicated by using selective adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists indicates that about 75% of the NO-dependent noradrenaline response is mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors and the rest by beta-adrenoceptors, with no evidence for potentiating effects between the two receptor types. This noradrenaline effect appears to require Ca2+ entry, since it is strongly dependent on extracellular Ca2+ but is not affected by conditions that will abolish intracellular Ca2+ mobilization (incubation with neomycin or pretreatment with carbachol). Inhibition by pretreatment with pertussis toxin is in agreement with involvement of the alpha 1A-adrenoceptor subtype in this Ca(2+)-dependent effect. However, implication of an unknown alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtype cannot be disregarded, because a similar inhibition is exerted by the presumably selective alpha 1B- and alpha 1C-adrenoceptor blocking agent chloroethylclonidine. Treatment of the cultures with the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate inhibits to a great extent the noradrenaline-induced cyclic GMP formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Cardiac anatomical and functional changes in a group of young type I diabetics with microangiopathy].

BACKGROUND: There are conflicting data concerning the alteration of cardiac function in diabetics without another type of accompanying pathology. Therefore this study was designed with the aim to analyze the anatomical and functional changes and relate them with the time and control of diabetes. METHODS: Fifty-four type I diabetics with a mean age of 33.5 years and 25 healthy controls paired by age and sex were studied. The patients were rigourously selected excluding any disease or treatment other than insulin and the presence of demonstrated microangiopathy was required. M-mode and bidimensional echocardiographic studies were carried out in 46 patients to calculate thickness, cavity dimension and systolic function rates. Doppler-echo studies analyzing 9 parameters of diastolic function were performed in all the 54 patients studied. RESULTS: The results obtained demonstrated significant differences in the thickness of the posterior wall and the septum in the diabetics in comparison with the normal subjects. No differences were observed in the parameters of systolic function with the diastolic parameters being significant. Considered globally 41% of the patients demonstrated structural alterations, 4% systolic and 70% diastolic. The only significant correlation was established between the diastolic alteration and the time of evolution of the diabetes. The autonomic alteration which some patients presented did not vary the results obtained. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of selected diabetic structural and cardiac diastolic alterations appeared being attributed only to the diabetes itself in relation to the length of time of the same and possibly to the microangiopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Size of breast cancer at the time of initial diagnosis].

BACKGROUND: To observe whether patients with breast cancer of an epithelial strain consult physician with a less advanced disease, the patients attended by the Valencian Interhospital Group were studied between January 1981 and December 1990. METHODS: The same diagnosis of disease spread (anamnesis, physical examination, blood analysis and imaging techniques of the thorax, bones and liver) was carried out in all cases. Surgical techniques and histopathologic criteria were homogenous throughout the study. The classification used was that of the International Union Against Cancer of 1987. Histopathologic correlations were studied. RESULTS: Seven hundred seventy-nine patients with a mean age of 57.3 years (range: 24-85) were studied. A statistically significant (S) progressive reduction in the size of the tumor was observed (p less than 0.003) with the percentage of stage II progressively increasing and stage IIIa (more advanced disease than stage II) parallelly diminishing (p less than 0.0019) (S). In patients over the age of 55 this diminution was not observed. To the contrary, more advanced stages (stage IIIb--locally advanced, and stage IV--metastatic disease) were presented than in younger women (p = 0.000) (S). There is a direct correlation between the size of the tumor, the degree of tumoral differentiation and lymphatic metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Patients under the age of 55 spontaneously and progressively consult the physician with a less advanced breast cancer. This is expected to have beneficial effects on survival. It is suggested that primary medicine may play a fundamental role in making women more aware of breast cancer, particularly those over 55 years of age regardless of early detection campaigns.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Different receptors mediate stimulation of nitric oxide-dependent cyclic GMP formation in neurons and astrocytes in culture.

The ability of various compounds to stimulate cyclic GMP accumulation was studied in neuronal and astrocyte-enriched primary cultures from rat cerebrum. Glutamate was the only agonist eliciting a response in neurons whereas several agonists had an effect in astrocytes but only those due to norepinephrine and glutamate were of considerable magnitude. The responses were markedly inhibited by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. The effect of glutamate appears to be mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors in neurons and by quisqualate AMPA-insensitive receptors in astrocytes.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship between arterial pressure and exposure to noise at work].

BACKGROUND: Exposure to high levels of noise has been identified as a possible risk factor in the development of arterial hypertension. METHODS: With the aim of evaluating this possibility a transversal study was designed in that the results of routine medical examinations carried out on 806 workers from different sectors in the Community of Valencia were analyzed. Occupational exposure to noise in the subjects included in the sample were categorized according to the activity of the enterprise to which each employee belonged and the work post occupied by the same. RESULTS: No relation was found between arterial pressure and exposure to noise at work. However a relation was found when two groups of workers in consideration had hearing loss above and below 65 decibels for the frequency of 4000 Hz and the group with the greatest losses (indicator of greater exposure to noise) presented greater mean values of arterial pressure and a higher percentage of hypertensive subjects. Nonetheless, the differences between both groups of workers did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained from this study do not permit clear determination of the relation between laboral exposure to noise and arterial pressure. The limitations of the design of the study itself are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cardiac rhythm in healthy elderly subjects.

To study the normal cardiac rhythm in elderly subjects we performed 24-h Holter monitoring on 94 subjects aged over 70 years. We had previously discarded those with cardiac disease by using history, physical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), chest X-radiography and Doppler echocardiography. The maximum, average and minimum heart rates were 113, 79 and 62, respectively, during the day, and 90, 64 and 53 during the night. Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias were frequent (91% and 89.4%, respectively). Some 50% of the subjects had complex ventricular arrhythmias. Two subjects presented with sinus pauses of more than 2 s, and 4 had Wenckebach second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. During a follow-up averaging 20.8 months, there were no deaths or symptoms of an arrhythmic origin.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Anatomical and functional cardiac abnormalities in type I diabetes.

To analyse the anatomy and systolic and diastolic cardiac function in a group of type I diabetics with no other abnormality and to correlate it with the duration of the disease, the presence of complications, the control of the diabetes and the abnormalities in the autonomous nervous system, 125 type I diabetics and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. In 112 diabetics, an echocardiographic image which enabled us to calculate the thickness, cavity dimensions and systolic function rates was obtained. A Doppler echocardiograph was done in all patients to measure 9 parameters of diastolic function. The autonomic nervous system was evaluated by the response to 4 cardiovascular reflexes. Two control groups and 4 study groups were established, based on duration and on the presence and number of microangiopathic complications. The results showed a significant increase in the septal and posterior wall thickness, although without differences between the study groups. There were no differences in the analysis of systolic function. The abnormalities in diastolic function were significant in all the groups, but greater in the groups with microangiopathy. Overall, for groups 1-4, respectively, the incidence of anatomical abnormalities was 9.6%, 17%, 28% and 57% (average 22%); systolic 0%, 0%, 4% and 4.7% (average 2.2%); and diastolic 15%, 21%, 60% and 80% (average 44%). Only 13 diabetics from group 4 presented with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. No correlation between these alterations and the glycaemic control or the duration of the disease was found, although there was a correlation between the presence or absence of complications and the anatomic and diastolic abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗