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Biomedical subjects

A Kakar

Publications and source records attributed to A Kakar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Syringomyelia--a complication of meningitis--case report.

Syringomyelia following meningitis is a rare condition. This report summarizes the history of a 43 year old Indian male who developed arachnoiditis as a sequalae of tubercular meningitis. This later progressed to syringomyelia. The patient was treated with a syringo-subarachnoid shunt.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Castability optimization of palladium based alloys.

Poor or inconsistent castability often necessitates costly laboratory remakes of cast restorations. This study investigated the effects of burnout temperature and alloy investment compatibility on the castability of selected alloys. In part A nine alloy investment combinations were compared. In part B two alloy-investment combinations at four burnout temperatures were evaluated. Differences in investment, alloy, and/or burnout temperature significantly affected castability. Castability with a poorer casting investment improved with a hotter propane/oxygen fuel source compared with natural (city) gas/oxygen.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Radionuclide angiography in evaluation of cold solitary thyroid nodules. Improved diagnostic accuracy using flow and washout analysis.

Radionuclide thyroid angiography was performed in 252 patients with hypofunctioning thyroid nodules to evaluate differences in vascular flow and washout patterns in benign and malignant disease. Time activity curves of Tc-99m pertechnetate flow through the cold nodules were generated using region of interest software. Retention ratios of counts in the nodule at 2 minutes after radionuclide administration versus those at peak activity were derived. Patients subsequently underwent surgical excision and histopathologic examination. One hundred forty-four of the 204 benign nodules were avascular with absent radionuclide flow through the nodule. Fifty-six benign nodules were vascular with a prolonged radionuclide washout pattern with retention ratios ranging from 0.62-0.92. Forty-six of the 48 malignant nodules displayed increased perfusion with rapid radionuclide washout with retention ratios ranging from 0.28-0.48. Four benign nodules exhibited a similar flow and washout pattern. Radionuclide thyroid angiography with vascular flow and washout analysis appears to be a useful technique to differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Behaviour of fibroblasts during initial attachment to a glass-ceramic implant material in vitro: a time-lapse video-micrographic study.

The in vitro behaviour of 3T3 fibroblasts plated on a glass-ceramic implant material, Apoceram, and on tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) was monitored using phase-contrast, time-lapse video microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Significant differences were observed in the short-term cellular response to TCP and Apoceram in the timing of the fibroblasts' morphological changes, with earlier spreading and stabilization of the cells occurring on TCP. Cell surface ruffling activity was greater on the glass-ceramic, reflecting weaker adhesions to the substratum. The experimental method used facilitates direct analysis of the dynamic activity of cells attaching to artificial substrata.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Solitary cold thyroid nodules -- a correlation of fine needle aspiration cytology with pentavalent technetium DMSA scanning and radionuclide perfusion scanning.

Twenty-five patients with solitary cold thyroid nodules (SCN) were studied by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, radionuclide perfusion scanning (RPS) and pentavalent technetium dimercaptosuccinic acid (99m Tc DMSA) scanning, with an aim to distinguish neoplastic from non-neoplastic nodules. All the patients were operated upon and the nodules were subjected to histopathological examination. 13 of the 25 nodules (52%) were malignant (7 papillary carcinomas, 3 medullary thyroid carcinomas and 1 each of follicular carcinoma, insular carcinoma and clinically anaplastic thyroid tumour). The specificity of DMSA scanning and FNA cytology were 100% and that of RPS 60%. The sensitivity of RPS and DMSA scanning were 80% and 20% and that of FNA cytology (using a broad definition of test-positivity), 100%. Additionally, FNA cytology could morphologically type the majority of neoplasms.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1993

Four quadrant fine needle aspiration cytology of non-palpable benign proliferative breast lesions.

Seventy-eight symptomatic females without palpable breast lumps were subjected to bilateral four quadrant fine needle aspiration cytology. Cytological evidence of an epithelial proliferative lesion was seen in 44 of these cases. Based on the cytological evidence of proliferation, the site for open biopsy was determined. Histopathological study of the breast biopsies in these patients showed proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA) in 40 cases, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) in two, atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) in one and ADH with ALH in one case. Cytology was thus useful in establishing the presence of proliferative activity, commenting on the extent of proliferation, and thereby roughly mapping out the area of the breast most suitable for biopsy. On cytological grounds, it was not possible to distinguish the atypical hyperplastic lesions from the proliferative diseases without atypia.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1983

Acute perforation of small intestine due to tuberculosis.

Twenty-two patients with acute perforations of the small intestine due to tuberculosis were operated upon at Irwin Hospital, New Delhi between 1971 and 1976. Most of them (85.36%) presented with features of peritonitis. Radiologically, evidence of pneumoperitoneum was found in six patients. Fourteen patients had a solitary perforation while multiple perforations were found in eight cases. Sixteen patients had an associated stricture immediately distal to the perforation. Management of these patients included resection anastomosis (12), closure of perforation with bypass (seven), and simple repair of perforation in three cases. The overall mortality was 45.45%. Mortality was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in patients with multiple perforations and in those who had multiple strictures. The high mortality and difficulty of correct pre-operative diagnosis have been stressed.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1982

Comparative study of free omental, peritoneal, Dacron velour, and Marlex mesh reinforcement of large-bowel anastomosis: an experimental study.

The comparative role of free omental, peritoneal, Dacron velour, and Marlex mesh grafts in reinforcement of an extremely vulnerable experimental model of large-bowel anastomosis was studied in dogs. While both the omentum and peritoneum proved not to be effective in preventing anastomotic leakage, Dacron velour did considerably lower this incidence to within reasonable limits but led to formation of low-grade lymphoma at the reinforcement site in two animals. Only Marlex mesh was found to be highly effective in sealing the suture line, and it is anticipated that, with the usual technique of anastomosis, this sealing effect will be foolproof, thereby nullifying any risk of suture-line breakdown.

Animals↗