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Biomedical subjects

B Jacobs

Publications and source records attributed to B Jacobs.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The zygomatic arch and its possible influence on craniofacial growth and development.

This study was designed to investigate the role of the zygomatic arch and craniofacial growth along the anteroposterior axis. One may conclude that: 1. Surgical intervention on the zygomatic arch results in a generalized inhibition of regional zygomatic arch growth. 2. When only one zygomatic arch is sectioned, the posterior root of the sectioned side appears to be displaced posteriorly. This is a possible result of the normal growth process proceeding without the restraints of an intact zygomatic arch. 3. A decrease in anteroposterior dimension occurs in the posterior zone as a result of surgical intervention. 4. Further studies to determine the influence of the zygomatic arch on transverse maxillary growth must be completed before any clear or complete concepts of its role in craniofacial growth and development may be more fully elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Acute undifferentiated human diarrhea in the tropics. I. Alterations in intestinal micrflora.

The microflora of the small and large intestine was determined in 17 adults with acute undifferentiated diarrhea in Calcutta, India. On the basis of bacteriologic findings, the patients could be divided into two groups: those with a predominant flora of Escherichia coli (eight patients) and those with a mixed coliform flora (nine patients). In the former group, E. coli were distributed throughout the small and large bowel. Broth filtrates of these isolates contained an enterotoxin which caused fluid accumulation in the rabbit intestinal loop model. Toxigenic E. coli were cleared rapidly from the small bowel during the acute period; some patients only had the "hot" strains in their fecal effluent. During convalescence, the serotypes of E. coli changed and the new strains did not elaborate enterotoxin. Only one of the eight patients had a serotype previously associated with diarrhea. Acute undifferentiated diarrhea in the remaining cases was apparently caused by untypable E. coli or by typable strains not generally considered pathogenic. Small bowel and fecal cultures from the mixed flora group revealed a heterogeneous mixture of Gram-negative enteric bacilli and a distinct pattern could not be discerned. Further study will be needed to elucidate the cause of diarrhea in these cases.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1970

Intraperitoneal fluid therapy in cholera and non-cholera diarrhoea: with special emphasis on the treatment of infants and children.

Because of the relative difficulty in maintaining continuous intravenous infusions in small children suffering from cholera, a simpler method of maintenance fluid therapy would be useful. With this in mind, the role of intraperitoneal fluid administration was evaluated in 8 adults and 26 children (aged 6 years or less) having moderate to severe cholera or cholera-like diarrhoeal disease.In adults intraperitoneal fluid was found to be of no significant value in maintenance therapy because peritoneal absorption was not sufficiently rapid to replace expected stool losses. In children, however, this form of therapy was considerably more successful. In 16 of 19 children with cholera and in all 7 with non-cholera diarrhoea, intraperitoneally administered fluid was absorbed rapidly enough to replace a major part of the initial fluid deficit on admission and all subsequent stool losses. No complications of intraperitoneal puncture were encountered.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

The use of oral replacement solutions in the treatment of choleraand other severe diarrhoeal disorders.

Despite the progress that has been made in the treatment of cholera, mortality rates from this disease remain high in rural areas where intravenous fluids are not readily available. The authors have therefore conducted controlled studies into the efficacy of a simpler form of maintenance therapy-the administration of glucose-containing electrolyte solutions by mouth. The results obtained from the study of 51 adult patients (36 with cholera and 15 with severe non-cholera diarrhoea) indicate that oral fluids are adequate for maintenance therapy in cholera and severe diarrhoeal disease, and that there is no significant increase in the duration of diarrhoea or in the stool volume in patients receiving such therapy.The addition of a non-specific adsorbent, charcoal, to the fluid led to a significant increase in the volume of diarrhoeal stools and to prolongation of vibrio excretion; its use is therefore not recommended. The use of oral replacement solutions should result in improvement of cholera treatment of adults in rural areas and in a reduction in the cost of treatment.

Administration, Oral↗