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Biomedical subjects

B Legras

Publications and source records attributed to B Legras.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Blood chemistry of human fetuses in the second and third trimesters.

Six biochemical parameters and four enzyme activities were determined from the serum of 76 healthy and 56 pathological human fetuses between the 20th and 38th week of pregnancy. In the normal fetuses studied within that period, creatinine, immunoglobulin M, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase increased; haemoglobin F and glucose progressively decreased; and alkaline phosphatase was at a peak around the 26th week; cholesterol and triglycerides were always low. The same parameters were also measured in some of the pathological fetuses and compared with their normal counterparts.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study of sucralfate versus cimetidine in the treatment of acute gastroduodenal ulcer. Randomized trial with 667 patients.

Six-hundred sixty-seven patients with endoscopically proven peptic ulcer were included in a randomized, multicenter trial to assess the comparative efficacy of sucralfate and cimetidine. One hundred eighty-seven patients with gastric ulcer and 480 patients with duodenal ulcer completed the study. Ulcer healing was evaluated endoscopically at six weeks for duodenal ulcer and at eight weeks for gastric ulcer. Patients with unhealed ulcer at this time were assigned to the other therapy for a second period of six or eight weeks of treatment (crossover). In patients with duodenal gastric ulcer, pain relief and healing were not significantly different in the two groups. Eighty-eight percent of duodenal ulcers and 73 percent of gastric ulcers healed with six weeks of sucralfate treatment. Reported side effects and symptoms, pooled together for duodenal and gastric ulcer, were more significant in the sucralfate group (7.5 percent) than in the cimetidine group (3.7 percent). Constipation was the most frequent symptom recorded. In conclusion, sucralfate and cimetidine are both excellent healing agents for short-term treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer. Both give rapid relief of symptoms without severe side effects.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Toxicity of HPA-23 (ammonium-21-tungsto-9-antimoniate) for normal human myeloid progenitor cells (GM-CFU) in vitro.

HPA-23 is a competitive inhibitor of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It may therefore potentially benefit patients with HIV infection. This study aimed at defining the haematopoietic toxicity of this drug and particularly its effects on the normal human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFU). Our in vitro studies, in semi-solid agar, have shown an inhibitory effect of increasing concentrations of HPA-23 on colony and cluster formation. This effect is probably dose-dependent. An almost complete inhibition of colony formation was observed at doses of more than 20 micrograms/ml. Regarding cluster formation, a similar although much more progressive inhibitory effect was found. Our experimental data should be extrapolated with caution to clinical situations. However, they must be kept in mind for optimal design of HPA-23 therapy in HIV infected patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Amodiaquine-induced agranulocytosis: report of a case with in vitro studies of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells.

We report a case of amodiaquine-induced agranulocytosis in a 60-year-old woman. Four months after the agranulocytosis episode we investigated the effect of the drug using in vitro agar culture techniques. Amodiaquine at increasing concentrations (0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 microgram/ml) displayed an inhibitory effect, probably dose-dependent, on the growth of the patient's bone marrow GM-CFU colonies in the absence of autologous serum. In contrast, no effect was found on the colony and cluster growth of bone marrow samples from 13 healthy controls. Though it has been shown in several cases that amodiaquine-induced agranulocytosis occurs via immune-mediated mechanisms, our data are in support of a direct toxic effect of the drug on abnormally sensitive myeloid progenitor cells.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets with monoclonal antibodies. Comparison of the Genetic Systems CD4/CD antigen typing kit with conventional indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and the automated Technicon-H1 Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA).

The Genetic Systems Technique (GS: direct immunofluorescence microscopy with ethidium bromide counterstaining of nuclei) was tested for quantitative analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets in human peripheral blood. The monoclonal antibodies anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 were used for detection of T-helper and T-suppressor cells respectively and the results compared to those obtained by conventional indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and the Technicon Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) with automated reading. The GS technique provided results correlating well with both indirect immunofluorescence and EIA techniques. Moreover, this method has two advantages: it is less time-consuming than the indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and necessitates less expensive and more commonly available equipment than the automated EIA technique.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Level of plasma fibronectin in patients with breast cancer.

Plasma fibronectin was determined by laser nephelometric immunoassay in two populations: healthy individuals and patients with metastatic or non-metastatic breast cancer. The results showed that the fibronectin concentration was higher in the patient group than in the healthy controls of similar age, with a significant difference (p less than 0.05). The patients who had metastatic breast cancer tended to show higher levels than those with no detectable metastasis, but such a difference was not statistically significant. Since fibronectin is sensitive to clinical events unrelated to the malignancy status, it does not seem suitable as a tumor marker.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Lymphocyte proliferative responses in haemophiliac patients: relations to clinical and immunological findings.

Blood lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens were studied in 65 patients with haemophilia (haemophilia A: 54 patients, haemophilia B: 11 patients) in parallel with 39 male control subjects. As a group, patients with haemophilia did not demonstrate abnormal proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (ConA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) when compared with healthy controls. When the patients were analysed according to their seropositivity for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), those who were positive had significantly decreased PHA, ConA and PWM responses. Haemophiliac patients with T4+/T8+ ratios less than 1 had reduced proliferative responses to PHA, ConA and PWM when compared to patients with ratios greater than 1. No significant difference in mitogen responses were found when the patients were analysed according to the presence or absence of palpable lymphadenopathy. Those patients with haemophilia A who had received more than 5 x 10(4) units of factor VIII during the two years preceding the study showed no significant difference in PHA, ConA and PWM responses when compared to patients receiving less.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Use of monoclonal antibodies for the immunoenzymological determination of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid].

A two site immunoenzymatic assay using monoclonal antibodies for alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid has been evaluated. Results obtained with monoclonal antibodies correlated well with those obtained by electroimmunodiffusion assay. The evaluation of this method has shown rapidity, accuracy and a better sensitivity than electroimmunodiffusion assay. Further more the measurements of both maternal serum and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein can be associated.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical and biological evaluation of the preventive role of anti-cytomegalovirus specific immunoglobulins in bone marrow grafts. Randomized study of 60 patients].

The effects of i.v. cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin given for prophylaxis of CMV infections in recipients of allogeneic and autologous marrow transplants were evaluated in a randomized trial: 60 patients were randomly assigned to receive (30 patients) or not to receive (30 patients) CMV immunoglobulin for a period of 90 days after transplantation. As to the allografted patients, the cumulative incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic CMV infections was significantly reduced in the CMV immunoglobulin-treated group as compared to the control group (56.5% versus 92.9%, P less than 0.05). No other statistically significant effect of CMV immunoglobulin could be found. In particular, the incidence of symptomatic CMV infections (including interstitial pneumonia), the mean delay of post-transplant viraemia and haematopoietic recovery were similar in the control and CMV immunoglobulin-treated groups. We conclude that prophylactic CMV immunoglobulin administration, as designed in our study, is no more than marginally effective and cannot be recommended without additional trials.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

[Computerized instrumentation in bacteriology. Application to the reading of antibiograms performed by the disk method].

Antibiotic sensitivity tests are often carried out by the disk method. We are presenting independent computerized system built around a microcomputer allowing a semi automatic input of the inhibitory diameters, thanks either to a mechanical calliper or, when an enlarger is used, with the help of a setting stick connected to the computer. The software allows the processing results.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1987

[Five years after a first epileptic seizure appearing late in life].

A first epileptic seizure in adulthood leads to fear a brain tumor and other important features of late epilepsies have received little attention. We have analyzed the etiologies in a group of 392 patients consecutively seen from 1977 to 1980. Our data are in keeping with previously reported data. One hundred and eighty patients were followed for five years or more. Fifty eight had only a single seizure (only 23 were treated, and 20 stopped therapy). Seizures recurred in 122 patients (97 untreated). The characteristics of recurrence have been analyzed. Some predictive factors appear significant. Socio-professional results have been considered. By and large, the prognosis was good for 75 p. 100 of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Computerized data storage of antibiograms obtained by various methods (automatic reading by 2 different systems or manual processing by the disk method) and retrieval of antibiograms and cytobacteriological data using microcomputers].

This software is composed of different programmes. It works on Apple IIe computers. It enables to capture all the data information concerning bacteriological tests to store them and to edit either personnel reports or global lists made out according to different criteria and to study them under both the statistical or the epidemiological aspects. The results of the antibiotic sensitivity test are notified either by an automatic reader (ABAC or API system) when carried out in a liquid environment or by an original computerized device (compass or enlarger) when manually carried out by the disc method. The informations are directly transmitted to the computer. It's possible to make up a common data file that can be exploited as a whole.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1987

[Technical development and radiological surveillance of the Schmitt minimadreporic uncemented total hip prosthesis. Evaluation of 275 arthroplasties with a follow-up of more than 6 years for the oldest cases].

The authors describe a porous-coated uncemented total hip prosthesis which has been used for more than six years: the Schmitt minimadreporic prosthesis. A homogenous series of 275 arthroplasties has been reviewed with a mean follow-up of three years and five months. The method of radiological assessment of the position of the femoral and acetabular components and their possible loosening is described in detail. Infection (0.72%) and aseptic loosening (1.8%) specific to this type of prosthesis was rare. For the series as a whole there were 92% of good, very good and excellent results and for 81 arthroplasties with a follow-up greater than four years the figure was 90%. The frequency of secondary displacement of the femoral component is emphasised, with 15 prostheses sinking downwards and 96 displacing into varus. Statistical analysis has shown the principal factors affecting the clinical result and has demonstrated the effect of resorption of the calcar in causing downward displacement of the femoral stem and insufficient filling of the medullary cavity on the development of varus angulation of the prosthesis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Urinary concentration of cobalt and chromium in patients with a non-cemented total hip prosthesis].

The concentrations of cobalt and chromium have been measured in the urine of 22 patients who had received uncemented hip prostheses made from cobalt, chromium and molybdenum alloy, and in 21 patients who had not received prostheses, using absorption spectrophotometry. The results were statistically analysed using the Wilcoxon test. The levels of cobalt in the urine in the patients with uncemented prostheses did not show a significant increase, indicating that there is no greater risk of cobalt toxicity. The concentration of chromium was significantly raised (p less than 10(-2) in the urine of patients with uncemented prostheses, and in three of these patients significant corrosion had occurred.

Adult↗