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Biomedical subjects

B Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to B Nilsson.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The carbohydrate of human thrombin: structural analysis of glycoprotein oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry.

The carbohydrate structure of human thrombin has been determined by direct probe mass spectrometry of the oligosaccharides released by trifluoroacetolysis from the asialo glycoprotein. The free oligosaccharides were studied as permethylated and N-trifluoroacetylated oligosaccharide alditols. The structure was confirmed by sequential exoglycosidase digestion of intact thrombin and sugar and methylation analysis of the oligosaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicate the following structure: (formula; see text) with Fuc present on only about 50% of the oligosaccharides.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Pre- and postoperative levels of antithrombin III with special reference to thromboembolism after total hip replacement.

A prospective study of antithrombin III, determined by electroimmunochemical assay or an amidolytical method, was carried out with special reference to thromboembolism after total hip replacement. Two hundred and seven patients were randomly allocated to thromboembolic prophylaxis with dextran 70 or low dose heparin combined with dihydroergotamine. Deep vein thrombosis determined by phlebography of the operated leg or pulmonary embolism diagnosed with perfusion/ventilation scintigraphy developed in 51% of the total material and did not differ significantly between the two groups of prophylaxis or between patients with a preoperative At III below normal and those with a normal value. The correlation between the two assay methods for At III was 0.61. An initial, postoperative decrease in At III was noted with a parallel fall in hematocrit and fibrinogen, later followed by an increase of the plasma proteins. It is concluded that the immediate postoperative decrease of At III is mostly due to hemodilution.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1983

Proteoglycans of developing bone.

We purified and characterized the bone proteoglycans from fetal calves, growing rats, and human fetuses. The major proteoglycan is part of the mineralized tissue matrix and only 10-20% can be extracted prior to demineralization. This bone proteoglycan is a small glycoconjugate (Mr = 80,000-120,000) containing approximately 20-30% protein and either one or two chondroitin sulfate chains (Mr = 40,000) attached to a relatively monodisperse protein core (Mr = 38,000). "O"-linked and "N"-linked oligosaccharide units are also present. Antibodies directed against the protein core of calf bone proteoglycan do not cross-react with cartilage, skin, corneal, or basement membrane proteoglycans in immunoassays and have minimal cross-reactivity with scleral proteoglycans. Quantitative immunoassays and indirect immunofluorescence were used to show that the molecule is localized to forming bone trabeculae and dentin, but not to any other tissue. Osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells adjacent to areas undergoing rapid osteogenesis also contain this small proteoglycan. A second proteoglycan (Mr approximately equal to 1,000,000) was extracted from newly forming bone prior to demineralization. This large proteoglycan, which was isolated from the cartilage-free areas of developing intramembranous bone, has a protein core similar to that of the cartilage aggregating proteoglycan and cross-reacts with antisera raised against these cartilage proteoglycans but not with the small mineral-entrapped proteoglycan. It contains larger (Mr = 40,000) and fewer chondroitin sulfate chains than its cartilage-derived analogue, and is localized to the soft connective tissue mesenchyme lying between growing bone trabeculae. More fully formed compact bone did not contain detectable quantities of this proteoglycan.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Purification of keratan sulfate proteoglycan from monkey cornea.

An explant culture of 15 cynomolgus monkey corneas was incubated with [35S]sulfate and [2-3H]mannose as labeling precursors. A 4 M guanidine HCl extract of the corneal stromas was prepared and combined with a 4 M guanidine HCl extract of stromas from 300 unlabeled corneas. The keratan sulfate proteoglycans in the combined extracts were purified by a combination of DEAE-cellulose chromatography, chondroitinase ABC digestion to remove chondroitin-dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, and elution from immobilized concanavalin A. The purified keratan sulfate proteoglycan was digested with papain and the digest was eluted on DEAE-Sephacel. The unbound fraction contained 59% of the 3H activity and consisted of intact oligosaccharide-peptides. The bound fraction, consisting of keratan sulfate chains linked to peptides, eluted during a linear 0-0.75 M NaCl gradient as a peak centered at approximately 0.6 M NaCl and contained 41% of the 3H and all of the 35S activity in the original proteoglycan. The chains were digested with endo-beta-galactosidase, and the digest was eluted on DEAE-Sephacel with a linear 0-0.75 M NaCl gradient. Most of the sulfated digestion fragments from the chains eluted as several distinct peaks during the gradient. All the 3H activity eluted in the unbound volume along with a small proportion of 35S activity. This unbound fraction was eluted on Bio-Gel P-10 to give a 3H peak (Kav = 0.46) well resolved from the remaining 35S activity which eluted near the total volume. This 3H peak contained the oligosaccharide-peptides derived from the linkage region between the keratan sulfate chains and the core protein. Structural analyses of the linkage region oligosaccharides and the intact oligosaccharides (Nilsson, B., Nakazawa, K., Hassell, J.R., Newsome, D.A., and Hascall, V.C. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6056-6063) in combination with the 3H-labeling data suggest that the intact keratan sulfate proteoglycans contain an average of about one intact oligosaccharide per keratan sulfate linkage site.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Structure of oligosaccharides and the linkage region between keratan sulfate and the core protein on proteoglycans from monkey cornea.

Structural analyses were performed on the intact glycopeptides and on the linkage region oligosaccharide-peptides derived from the keratan sulfate proteoglycan from monkey cornea (Nakazawa, K., Newsome, D.A., Nilsson, B., Hascall, V.C., and Hassell, J.R. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6051-6055) using trifluoroacetolysis, Smith degradation, chromium trioxide oxidation, and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following structure was found for the linkage region (formula; see text) The following structures were found for the intact oligosaccharide peptides (formula; see text) and (formula; see text) The structure of the linkage region for keratan sulfate on corneal proteoglycans is clearly derived from a complex type of N-linked glycoprotein oligosaccharide precursor, indicating that only the oligosaccharides that have been processed to the complex type are used as primers for synthesizing keratan sulfate chains. The high mannose oligosaccharide in Formula 3 is an intermediate in the normal pathway for biosynthesis of complex type oligosaccharides. The structure in Formula 2, in which a single Man alpha 1-2 is retained on the Man alpha 1-3 branch while the Man alpha 1-6 branch is unsubstituted, can be an intermediate for an alternate, presumably minor pathway for complex oligosaccharide formation (Kornfeld, S., Gregory, W., and Chapman, A. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 11649-11654) in certain cases. This structure has not previously been shown to be present on normal glycoproteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Oligosaccharides released from glycolipids by trifluoroacetolysis can be analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Carbohydrates are quantitatively released by trifluoroacetolysis of neutral glycosphingolipids that contain 4-sphingenine. During the reaction hydroxyl groups are O-trifluoroacetylated and N-acetyl hexosamines are transamidated to form N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives. Selective removal of O-trifluoroacetyl groups followed by permethylation produces derivatives with properties favorable for analysis by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Electron impact mass spectra of permethylated N-trifluoroacetylated oligosaccharide alditols are characterized by strong primary and secondary fragments in which a positive charge is localized on the N-trifluoroacetyl hexosamine residue. The method enables rapid separation and identification of components in mixtures of carbohydrate chains from glycosphingolipids containing up to six simple sugars.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Dysmenorrhea in women with intrauterine contraceptive device. Treatment with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, naproxen.

Twenty-one women with intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) and severe dysmenorrhea were studied. All the women who participated in the study had primary dysmenorrhea of varying intensities. The insertion of IUCD increased the intensity of dysmenorrheic pain. The effect of naproxen (Naprosyn) on pain alleviation was studied in a double-blind cross-over trial using naproxen and placebo. The effect of naproxen was significantly better than that of placebo (P less than 0.01). No severe side effects occurred during the treatment. There was no difference in the duration and amount of the menstrual blood flow during naproxen treatment compared to placebo according to the women's own judgement.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Longitudinal studies of blood lymphocyte functions in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The study comprises 26 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who entered complete remission. Lymphocyte subsets and spontaneous and mitogen (ConA, PWM)-induced DNA synthesis were recorded in purified blood lymphocytes harvested before treatment, in remission and in relapse. The T and B lymphocytopenia noted in untreated patients persisted in complete remission. At diagnosis the spontaneous DNA synthesis was increased and the response to mitogen was decreased as compared to controls. Both functions became normalised during complete remission in most patients under 60 yr. The lymphocyte abnormalities reappeared during relapse. A low response to mitogen (ConA) in complete remission seemed to predict early relapse in patients younger than 60 yr. It is concluded that functional abnormalities of blood lymphocytes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are closely related to the presence of active disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Gene fusion vectors based on the gene for staphylococcal protein A.

Two plasmid vectors, containing the gene coding for staphylococcal protein A and adapted for gene fusion, have been constructed. These vectors will allow fusion of any gene to the protein A gene, thus giving hybrid proteins which can be purified, in a one-step procedure, by IgG affinity chromatography. As an example of the practical use of such vectors, the protein A gene has been fused to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli. E. coli strains containing such plasmids produce hybrid proteins with both IgG binding and beta-galactosidase activities. The hybrid protein(s) can be immobilized on IgG-Sepharose by its protein A moiety with high efficiency without losing its enzymatic activity and they can be eluted from the column by competitive elution with pure protein A. The fused protein(s) also binds to IgG-coated microtiter wells which means that the in vivo product can be used as an enzyme conjugate in ELISA tests.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Free testosterone levels during danazol therapy.

Danazol is a testosterone (T) derivative widely used in the clinical treatment of endometriosis. Its mechanism of action is poorly understood, but is side effects are mainly androgenic. Previously it was demonstrated that danazol can displace T from sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The binding properties of danazol to SHBG and albumin were studied with the use of labeled danazol in an aqueous two-phase equilibrium partition system. Levels of total T, SHBG, and albumin were measured in 16 women undergoing danazol treatment for endometriosis. Thereafter, free and protein-bound T levels were calculated. A marked rise in free T was found during danazol therapy as compared with pretreatment levels. The data suggest that many of the effects of danazol could be explained by increased levels of free T during treatment.

Danazol↗
PubMed1983

Fibrinolytic activity in men with acute myocardial infarction before 60 years of age.

Fibrinolytic activity in plasma after venous occlusion was determined on two consecutive days 1-5 years after an acute myocardial infarction sustained before the age of 60 years in a group of 66 non-diabetic men with normal serum cholesterol levels, and in an age- and sex-matched reference group of 32 men. The infarction group was divided into 2 subgroups: one with normal (n = 42), the other with elevated (n = 24) diastolic blood pressure. Variance analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences in fibrinolytic activity after repeated provocation between the three groups, but in a Student's test the value was significantly lower in the infarction group with high diastolic pressure than in the reference group. A relationship was found between apolipoprotein AI and fibrinolytic activity after repeated provocation.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1983

Serum retinol and retinol-binding protein in mothers and infants at delivery.

The relations at birth between infant and maternal serum retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol/RBP molar ratio were investigated in 25 healthy term infants and their mothers. The mean serum levels of retinol and RBP were significantly higher in the mothers, but the mean molar ratio of retinol/RBP (RBP saturation) was significantly higher in the infants. Both the infant serum RBP and the infant RBP saturation were positively correlated to the respective serum levels in the mothers.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Taste thresholds, taste preferences, and dental caries in 15-year-olds.

In two groups of 15-year-olds--50 with a high and 50 with a low caries experience--recognition thresholds were determined for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes and preferences for sweet taste, using a full-mouth technique. No statistically significant difference in thresholds could be found between the groups. No correlation between threshold values and preferences for sucrose could be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Naproxen in the treatment of OC-resistant primary dysmenorrhea. A double-blind cross-over study.

The efficacy of oral contraceptives (OC) in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in controlled studies varies from 50 to 80%. The addition of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, naproxen, was found to afford pain relief to a further 70% of women with OC-resistant dysmenorrhea in a double-blind cross-over study comprising 39 patients. This effect was shown to be statistically significant at p = 0.0005. Our recommendation is that low-dose OCs should be the first choice as contraceptive agents for women with dysmenorrhea and that a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor should be given when OCs are ineffective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Relation between kerma and absorbed dose in photon beams.

The relation between kerma and absorbed dose has been calculated using a diffusion equation approximation for the electron transport in photon beams and by equating the depth integral of the collision kerma with that of the absorbed dose. The results show that the absorbed dose in the transient equilibrium region practically coincides with the total kerma in water both for 60Co and 21 MV roentgen rays. The ratio between the absorbed dose at maximum build-up and the collision kerma at the surface (katt) was calculated. The results show that the dependence of katt on the atomic number is very small. For 60Co katt was determined for water and air to 0.992 and 0.991, respectively.

Electron Transport↗
PubMed1983

Early bone grafting in complete cleft lip and palate cases following maxillofacial orthopedics. VI. Assessments from photographs and anthropometric measurements.

The superficial facial topography of children born with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate was studied with anthropometry and subjective assessments of standardized photographs. All the children had been bone grafted early with Nordin's "four-flap" technique. The unilateral deformities group comprised two sub-groups: one of 39 children (mean age 17.6 years) primarily operated without preoperative orthopedics, and another of 46 children (mean age 10.8 years) primarily operated after preoperative "T-traction" The bilateral group, 19 children (mean age 15.1 years) was primarily operated after preoperative premaxillary retropositioning pressure, if necessary, combined with outward rotation of the lateral maxillary segments. The groups were compared with each other and then in the anthropometric study with nonclefts. With 14 expert observers the subjective assessment method was found to be useful when comparing groups of children. When comparing the two unilateral groups, the "T-traction" group showed a straighter and more normal nose and less difference in sagittal and vertical directions between the levels of the alar bases. Overall facial features scored closer to normals than did those of the non-traction group. On comparing the unilateral groups with nonclefts our findings for several variables corresponded to what was found by others earlier. The width of the mouth was narrower in unilateral clefts than in nonclefts. Unlike that reported by others, our unilateral cleft sample had shorter medial vertical upper lip length and shorter and broader noses than nonclefts.

Adolescent↗