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Biomedical subjects

B Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to B Nilsson.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Evaluation of radiometer ICA1 as a routine instrument for serum ionized calcium and its application for whole blood capillary samples from newborn infants.

The Radiometer ICA1 was evaluated with four sets of samples: a) 289 serum samples sent for routine analysis of ionized calcium, b) a reference set of serum samples from 40 healthy laboratory workers, c) 42 capillary whole blood samples from healthy full-term and d) six capillary whole blood samples from pre-term infants. For comparison, all sets except the capillary samples were also run on the Orion SS-20. The ICA1 gave higher readings than the Orion SS-20 for normo-(mean difference 0.011 mmol/l) and hypocalcaemic (mean difference 0.037 mmol/l), but not for hypercalcaemic serum samples. The mean +/- 2 SD range for the serum reference set was 1.15-1.31 mmol/l for ICA1 and 1.14-1.27 mmol/l for Orion SS-20. The within-assay and between-assay precision were 0.014 and 0.032 mmol/l (SD) respectively for ICA1 and 0.010 and 0.022 mmol/l (SD) for Orion SS-20. The 42 healthy full-term infants had a mean +/- 2 SD range of 1.18-1.47 mmol/l. The six pre-term infants had whole blood ionized calcium 0.82-1.07 mmol/l. Three of them had ionized calcium less than 0.90 mmol/l and a symptomatic hypocalcemia.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1983

Clinical evaluation of patients referred with symptoms related to oral galvanism.

Sixty-eight consecutive patients (9 males, 59 females) referred for symptoms alleged to be caused by oral galvanism were investigated according to a standardized examination program including clinical examination, epicutaneous patch test with dental materials, haematologic screening, salivary test, calculation of currents created at metallic contacts between restorative materials and testing of electrical taste thresholds. No clinical entity could be identified but recognized clinical conditions that could possibly explain the complaints for which the patients were referred were prevalent. The most common symptoms reported were a smarting sensation in the mouth (71%) and different distant symptoms (47%). As regards oral signs, some of them showed similar prevalences as have been found in a general Swedish population. The main exception was changes at the apex of the tongue - found in 15%. Allergic skin reactions to dental materials were found among 25% of the patients. Mean values of blood and saliva parameters did not differ from what is considered normal. The distribution of currents created by contacting dental metallic restorations showed no deviation from the corresponding currents calculated in a control group. The median value for lowest electrical taste threshold in the group of referred patients was significantly lower than in a control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A monoclonal antibody-defined antigen associated with gastrointestinal cancer is a ganglioside containing sialylated lacto-N-fucopentaose II.

Two monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridomas obtained from a mouse immunized with a colorectal carcinoma cell line bind specifically to human gastrointestinal cancer cells. The antigen of this antibody in the carcinoma cell line, a monosialoganglioside, has been isolated. Its carbohydrate structure is probably (formula: see text). This oligosaccharide is a sialyl derivative of lacto-N-fucopentaose II, a hapten of the human Lea blood group antigen. About 30 micrograms of ganglioside is obtained from 1 g of cells, wet weight. The ganglioside was detected by autoradiography in lipid extracts of some carcinomas and of meconium, but not in lipid extracts of normal adult tissues. Antigen was detected by solid phase radioimmunoassay in lipid extracts from 12 out of 21 adenocarcinomas of the colon, from 4 out of 5 gastric adenocarcinomas, and from 4 out of 7 pancreatic carcinomas. Antigen was not detected in lipid extracts from 5 esophageal carcinomas or from normal colon and gastric mucosa, pancreas, kidney, liver, and bone marrow.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparison between commercial heparin, low molecular weight heparin and pentosan polysulfate on hemostasis and platelets in vivo.

The effect of commercial heparin (MW 15000; 60 U/kg), low molecular weight heparin (MW 4500, 60 U/kg), sodium pentosan polysulfate (PZ-68) in doses of 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg combined with dextran 70 (0.5 g/kg) on microvascular hemostasis and platelet activity in vivo was investigated in the microcirculation of rabbit mesentery and ear chamber, respectively. Low molecular weight heparin did not alter the hemostasis: nonetheless, commercial heparin and PZ-68 interfered with the hemostatic mechanism by decreasing the stability of the hemostatic plug. This abnormality was more apparent in the venular than in the arteriolar system. Both heparins exhibited a trend towards an increase in platelet reactivity and the reverse was observed following the administration of PZ-68.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Physicochemical studies of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein: unusual ultracentrifugal and circular dichroic properties.

The molecular properties of native and modified pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) from human placenta were evaluated by sedimentation equilibrium, gel electrophoresis, and circular dichroic measurements. Native SP1 contained 6.2% N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), 5.8% galactose (Gal), 13% N-acetylglucosamine, 6.5% mannose, and 1.1% fucose but no detectable N-acetylgalactosamine. Treatment with mixed exoglycosidases and alpha-mannosidase removed 79% of the carbohydrate including all of the NANA and Gal. The intensity of the circular dichroic spectrum of SP1 in the far ultraviolet was quite low with a positive maximum at 235 nm and a negative maximum at 215 nm. The 235-nm band was lost upon treatment with reducing agents or with guanidinium chloride (GdmCl), but not by treatment with neuraminidase. Treatment of SP1 with neuraminidase, or with mixed exoglycosidases and alpha-mannosidase, resulted in decreases of the apparent molecular weight obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Neither exposure of SP1 to GdmCl nor its reduction and alkylation resulted in the appearance of subunits on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The partial specific volume of SP1 determined experimentally by comparing sedimentation equilibrium profiles in H2O and D2O was 0.695 +/- 0.007 mL/g. The molecular weight of SP1 in 6 M GdmCl (in the presence or absence of reducing agents) by equilibrium sedimentation was 42 300 +/- 400. In the absence of denaturing agents, SP1 existed in the form of aggregates (at least as high as trimeric SP1) that dissociated only slowly upon dilution. The presence of these aggregates may contribute to the reported molecular heterogeneity of SP1.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of grass pollen allergens by affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose.

Glycoprotein allergens of different carbohydrate composition can be separated by lectin interaction in affinity chromatography. The present study shows that several differences exist in the sugar moiety both within the species and between different grass species. Experiments with Bermuda grass and common reed indicate that these 2 extracts possess allergens with a high affinity for Con A-Sepharose. This offers a simple and rapid method for isolation and purification of the major allergenic components of these 2 species in combination with more conventional separation techniques. The purity of single allergens may vary markedly depending on the occurrence of other interfering, non-allergenic substances having free terminal alpha-D-mannopyranoside or alpha-D-glycopyranoside residues which bind to the immobilized lectin.

Allergens↗
PubMed1982

Structures of N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides on proteoglycan monomer isolated from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma.

Monomer proteoglycans isolated from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma contain O- and N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides. The O-glycosidically linked ones were released from the protein core by alkaline borohydride treatment. After removal of sialic acid, the resulting oligosaccharide alditols were converted to N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives by trifluoroacetolysis. The N-trifluoroacetylated oligosaccharide alditols show shorter retention time on gas-liquid chromatography, as permethylated derivatives, than the corresponding N-acetyl derivatives. The mass spectra of these new derivatives also give more structural information and provide definitive structures. Alkaline borohydride treatment of the proteoglycans also released N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharide-peptides. These were purified and analyzed by Smith degradation, trifluoroacetolysis, and chromium trioxide oxidation. The results indicate that more than 70% of the N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides have the following structure: (formula, see text) with the Fuc present on only about 60% of the oligosaccharides.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Assessment of antithrombotic properties of sodium ibuprofen.

The effect of sodium ibuprofen on platelet activity in vivo and the lysability of ex vivo thrombi was investigated. The formation of a hemostatic platelet plug in the rabbit mesentery and platelet embolism as a response to a laser-induced injury in the ear chamber of rabbits were used as models for determining platelet activity. Ibuprofen at a dose of 25 mg/kg i.v. was found to increase the primary (PHT) and the total hemostatic plug formation time (THT). The same dose decreased the number of cumulative emboli over a 10 min period after a laser injury to arterioles. A dose of 10 mg/kg i.v. did not affect the formation of the hemostatic platelet plug. In dogs, doses of 10, 25 und 50 mg/kg did not enhance the release of 125I-FDP from the thrombi after incubation in plasmin, but the largest dose which is approximately five times the recommended dose in humans, did significantly decrease the thrombus weight 90 and 180 min after the drug administration. In conclusion, sodium ibuprofen was shown to have an inhibitory effect on platelet function in vivo and in large doses was also found to diminish the thrombus weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Urinary CEA for prediction of survival time and recurrence in bladder cancer.

The prognostic information from carcinoembryonic antigen was evaluated in bacteria-free urines of patients with bladder carcinoma. Patients with elevated (greater than or equal to 30 ng/ml) U-CEA had a poorer relative and symptom-free survival than patients with initial U-CEA below 30 ng/ml. Patients in whom U-CEA decreased from before to after radiation treatment had a better survival rate than patients with increasing U-CEA. These findings were most significant in cases with large (T3 + T4) tumors or with tumors of a lower differentiation (G3). U-CEA appeared to be an independent variable for prognostic evaluation of survival, since these differences were also true within the subgroups of known variables such as classes or grades. All but one of the patients, in whom short-term local control was obtained, had a posttreatment U-CEA below 50 ng/ml. In oncology units, where the more malignant bladder tumors are treated, U-CEA determinations may indicate which patients require intensified monitoring or treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Progression of carotid disease after endarterectomy: a Doppler ultrasound study.

The clinical prognosis and evolution of carotid lesions after unilateral endarterectomy were determined in 64 patients examined 1 to 13 years after surgery (mean observation period, 6 years). Surgery mainly was confined to symptomatic patients with a stenosis only on the appropriate side. Average annual stroke rate was 1.6% on the operated and 0.8% on the nonoperated side. Direct Doppler examination at follow-up revealed a recurrent stenosis (greater than or equal to 50%) or occlusion in 36% of the operated carotid arteries, not significantly different from the proportion of progressive carotid lesions on the nonoperated side (27%). In total, 43.8% of the patients had developed new lesions in one or both carotid arteries, as compared to previous angiographic findings. About 30% of the progressive lesions were associated with symptoms of transient ischemic attacks or stroke, as opposed to 5.5% of vessels without progression of lesions (p less than 0.001). The incidence of recurrent stenosis on the operated side is considerably higher than that previously reported for symptomatic recurrent stenosis, but may represent the natural course of carotid disease in this population, in which carotid surgery thus should not be regarded as definitive treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prediction of survival and recurrence in bladder carcinoma.

We have followed a large population of patients receiving radiation treatment for bladder carcinoma with respect to survival and recurrence-free survival. Bivariate and multivariate life table analyses have been performed using a set of independent variables. The most important were T class, grade (G), urinary carcinoembryonic antigen (U-CEA) taken before treatment and cytological analysis 4 months after treatment. We compared the usual way of classifying a patient (T + G) with the combination of U-CEA and cytology since the latter two variables seemed to have great prognostic importance. The analyses show that T + G gives the best significance for survival (p = 0.0003) while U-CEA and cytology is better for recurrence-free survival (rho = 0.0002). 0.0002).

Actuarial Analysis↗