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Biomedical subjects

E S Kiseleva

Publications and source records attributed to E S Kiseleva.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Combined treatment of thyroid cancer metastases to the lungs in children and young people].

Basing on a study of the results of therapy of 47 pediatric patients with thyroid cancer metastases to the lungs the authors worked out methods of hormono- and radiotherapy, specified indications for a volume of operations in locally spread primary tumor or regional metastases. The use of multimodality hormono- and radiotherapy of distant thyroid cancer metastases in children resulted in the 5-year survival rate of 90.9%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Combined treatment of lung cancer].

The results of surgical and combined treatment of 2025 cases of differentiated cancer of the lung are compared. There was no difference in treatment results for stages I-II. In stage III tumor treatment, preoperative radiotherapy or postoperative polychemotherapy were followed by relative increase in 5-year survival. When intrathoracic lymph nodes were involved, combined treatment including pre- or postoperative radiotherapy was a procedure of choice since it was followed by better end results.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Use of radiomodifiers during radiotherapy of patients with malignant tumors].

The utilization of various radiomodifiers (hyperbaric oxygenation, metronidazole and their combination, tourniquet and total body gas hypoxia, unconventional dose fractionation) in radiation therapy of over 2000 cancer patients with tumors of the main sites made it possible to raise therapeutic efficacy using a differentiated approach to a choice of therapeutic tactics with relation to radiobiological specificities. The results obtained made it possible to determine the prospects of a further study of the efficacy of the utilization of HBO and MZ and their combination. Tourniquet hypoxia in view of a narrow range of indications and danger of a tumor protection effect should be abandoned. As to the hypoxic gas breathing mixture containing 10% O2 the absence of such an effect must be proved. Unconventional fractionation is no less promising, and as distinct from radiomodifiers it does not require extra resources or special equipment. The use of large fractions to enhance an antitumor effect, their combination in different succession with small fractions to lessen normal tissue damage as well as superfractionation with relation to tumor oxygen supply, possible reoxygenation, a capacity for repopulation and reparation can ensure at present a true therapeutic advantage.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1985

[Role of radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer].

The paper presents a review of up-to-date literature on the problems of morphological heterogeneity of small cell lung cancer, clinico-morphological parallels, main prognostic factors and rationale for application of radiation therapy in the complex treatment of the disease. The authors also discuss their own findings on 208 cases, with 170 of them having localized tumor. Superfractionated irradiation of a locoregional zone with 1.2 Gy thrice a day was conducted at the initial stage of treatment (total dose--46.8 Gy). As a result, complete regression was obtained in 65.5% and partial regression in 34.5%. All patients with localized tumor survived six months after radiation chemotherapy, 58.5%--12 months, and 57.1%--24 months.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

Studies of metronidazole radiosensitizing effect in radiation treatment of patients with oral cavity cancer.

Clinical observations of 26 patients with tongue, oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer receiving telegammatherapy by dynamic dose fractionation scheme in combination with metronidazole (MZ) and of 38 patients from control group treated by identical schedule without MZ suggest that MZ favors increasing of the radiation damage in tumors of those sites without changing the character or intensifying early radiation reactions. After oral administration of MZ in single doses of 5-6 g/m2 it reaches its maximum in the blood serum within 2-4 h. When the total dose of 30-60 g of MZ was used, a marked toxic effect manifested by gastrointestinal symptoms was observed in 33.3% of patients. MZ has a negative effect on liver functions, however, changes in biochemical tests illustrating it, are reversible and within the norm. Simultaneous studies of biopsy material from 22 patients (11 from each group) in terms of proliferation activity showed that oral cavity tumors contain a significant portion of proliferating cells which notably decrease in the course of radiation therapy. To a greater extent that decrease is marked after irradiation with MZ.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Method of dynamic dosage fractionation in preoperative radiation therapy of esophageal cancer].

Dynamic dose fractionation in preoperative radiation therapy in 53 esophageal cancer patients comes down to the following: in the first 3 days a daily tumor dose was 4 Gy, then a daily dose was 2 Gy with a summary focal dose up to 36-42 Gy. Therapeutic results for 127 patients served as control using the routine fractionation schedule: 2 Gy daily (5 times a week) up to a summary focal dose of 40-45 Gy. The irradiated area included almost the entire length of the organ with the regional lymphatic collector. Good tolerance of the method of dynamic dose fractionation was noted: no increased frequency and severity of radiation reactions and complications were noted. The use of the new method made it possible to reduce the periods of preoperative irradiation and rehabilitation. Considerable tumor regression after the use of the above method was observed in 69 +/- 8.7% of the patients, in the control group in 38.9 +/- 8.2% only. A simultaneous increase in the degree of radiation injury of tumors was noted in the study group (3rd-4th degree of radiation pathomorphism in 89.5 +/- 4.5% of the tumors); in the control group in 70.4 +/- 4.4%. Resectability did not differ significantly in both groups. The use of dynamic dose fractionation brought about improved results of combined treatment in general: an increase in the 2-year survival rates by 1.5 himes (59.2 +/- 6.7% as compared to 34.7 +/- 4.2%) was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Cooperative trials of the Council of Mutual Economic Aid countries on chemoradiotherapy of lung cancer].

The paper is concerned with a comparative analysis of the immediate and short-term results of chemo- and radiotherapy of 174 patients with well differentiated inoperable lung cancer. The data were presented by the participants of the CMEA cooperative trial (the Hungarian People's Republic, the USSR and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic over the period of 1976-1980). In the course of a randomized study radiotherapy (at a summary dose of 60 Gy) was given to 98 patients, chemotherapy to 76 (methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil). Comparative analysis has shown that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy tends to improve an immediate therapeutic effect. In well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, a marked positive effect was obtained in 48.6% of the patients as compared to 31.2% in radiotherapy alone. However, judging by the survival rates such differences in favor of chemotherapy were not revealed. After conservative treatment (radio- and chemotherapy) of patients with differentiated lung cancer in the inoperable stage 55.7% survived for 1, 17.27% for 5, 8.55% for 3 yrs. Direct correlation between the immediate effect of radio- and chemotherapy and the survival of the patients was revealed. Of 67 patients with a marked immediate effect 49 (73.1%) lived over 1 year, 8 out of 9 patients lived for 3 yrs.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Pharmacokinetics and the effects of metronidazole during its use as a radiosensitizer].

During gamma-beam therapy (40-60 Gy) a study was made of the content of metronidazole (MZ) in the blood of 20 patients with oral mucosa cancer and 12 patients with esophageal cancer depending on a mode of its administration. A MZ effect on liver and renal function was studied. MZ was administered to the patients with cancer of both sites on the first 3 days of radiation therapy 3 h before an enlarged fraction of 4 Gy, estimated at 145 mg per 1 kg body mass (8-10 g) per os or via a gastrostoma and 15 g in rectal administration. In the patients with oral mucosa cancer after the administration of MZ per os its level which was sufficient for radiosensitization, was achieved after 2 h and remained for subsequent 4 h with maximum accumulation of 262 +/- 22 micrograms/ml in the blood serum 3-4 h after administration. In 24 h there remained 84 +/- 9 micrograms/ml of MZ in the blood (32% of its maximum level). In the patients with esophageal cancer after MZ administration via the gastrostoma, the nature and time course of drug accumulation in the blood was identical, however accumulation maximum was lower and reached 219 +/- 25 micrograms/ml. In the patients with esophageal cancer after MZ rectal administration, its level in the blood was 118 micrograms/ml only and did not achieve a therapeutically effective level. In repeated administration of MZ per os or via the gastrostoma its accumulation by 25-30% was observed. MZ caused a transient increase in the permeability of the cell membranes of the liver and the suppression of its protein-forming function. It is assumed that the lowering of MZ repeated dose by 20% will cause a decrease in the drug accumulation in the body and the degree of a toxic effect with maintaining its therapeutically effective level in the blood and tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Radiotherapy of cancer of the stump of the cervix uteri].

The paper is concerned with the results of combined radiotherapy provided to 68 patients with cancer of the cervix uteri stump. An impossibility of homogenous irradiation of the whole affected organ due to its anatomic specificities during intracavitary gamma-therapy following the prior supravaginal amputation of the uterus results in a dose deficiency in the cupola of the cervix uteri stump which should be made up for by gamma-beam therapy. It makes it possible to achieve the 5-year survival in 81.8% of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Preliminary results of a cooperative study of the efficacy of combined treatment of lung cancer].

The clinical data provided by the members of a CMEA joint study on the problem of Lung Cancer (Work group 3--9.1.1) are analysed. The study undertaken by the researchers of Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, USSR and Czechoslovakia was concerned with evaluation of the effectiveness of a modality of combined treatment of well--differentiated cancer of the lung. The study group consisted of 286 patients; 231 surgically treated patients were in control. It was found that preoperative intensive concentrated radiation treatment did not interfere with surgical procedures. Nor did it specifically involve any intraoperative complications or change their frequency. However, combined treatment (preoperative irradiation + surgery) was followed by a relatively high mortality and a significant increase in the frequency of postoperative complications, especially purulent ones, such as bronchial fistula and empyema of the pleural cavity. Maximal difference in mortality rates between the groups was observed in cases of stage III cancer. The long-term results were studied in 379 cases (221 patients after combined treatment and 158--after surgery). 76.5 and 77.2, 49.4, and 41.2, and 34.4 and 20.7% of patients survived over one, three and five years, respectively. Better results registered in the study group were largely due to cases of stage III squamous cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[A 30-year experience with combined radiotherapy of cervix cancer].

The development of the method of complex radiation treatment at the Institute in 1946-1980 is followed. Clinical data on 2,313 patients with stage I, II and III carcinoma of the uterine cervix formed the basis of a multifactor analysis. Five-year survival rates and frequency of complications following different modalities of radiation therapy were studied. The 5-year survival rate in cases of orthovolt X-ray therapy or intracavitary gammatherapy from unfixed sources was 54.2% (all stages of carcinoma). The results were improved by 11.9% (66.3% versus 54.2%) when remote gammatherapy using increased focal doses in the zones of parametral and lymphogenic metastatic spread was employed and the exposed volume and the focus of lesion were properly aligned. The development of pretreatment X-ray topometric procedures was followed by a further improvement in the results (72.2% as compared with 60.7%), particularly in cases of stage III carcinoma. The 5-year survival rate rose to 80.1% (all stages) as a result of application of complex radiation therapy preceded by suitable topometric preparation.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1983

Three-year results of surgical and combined treatment of lung cancer with a preoperative radiotherapy.

In this paper the analysis of immediate results of clinical material is given which has been accumulated by participants of the joint investigation in some CMEA member countries (Project 3-9.1.1 of the Lung Cancer Program; Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, USSR, Czechoslovakia) with the aim to study the effectiveness of one of the variants of combined treatment of patients with differentiated forms of lung cancer. Combined treatment received 286 patients, 231 patients (control group) were treated surgically. It is concluded that the preoperative radiotherapy using the method of the intense concentrated course does not complicate the operation itself and is not reflected in the nature and frequencies of intraoperative complications. However, in combination with the subsequent surgical intervention, it significantly elevates the number of postoperative complications, particularly of those of purulent nature (bronchial fistula, intrapleural empyema) and also the lethality. The difference between the groups in this respect is particularly significant at State III of the disease. Late results were studied in 379 patients (in 221 of them after a combined treatment and in 158 after surgical treatment). For more than 1, 3 and 5 years survived 76.5, 49.4 and 34.48% (combined treatment) and 77.2, 41.2 and 20.7% (surgery), respectively. The differences between the groups in favor of the combined treatment are due to patients with Stage III planocellular carcinoma.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1983

Results of radiotherapy and combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy of inoperable lung cancer.

In this study there is presented a comparative analysis of immediate results after radiotherapy and combined treatment (radio- and chemotherapy) in 174 patients with highly differentiated inoperable lung cancer. The data were provided by participants of a joint investigation in some CMEA member countries (Hungary, USSR, Czechoslovakia) during the period of 1976 to 1980. In the randomized study radiotherapy (a total dose of 60 Gy) was applied in 98 patients, radiotherapy with chemotherapy (methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil) was applied in 76 patients. The comparative analysis showed that the employment of complementary chemotherapy tend to improve the immediate therapeutic effects. In the case of highly differentiated planocellular carcinoma a pronounced positive effect was seen in 48.6% of patients as compared to the 31.2% of those treated with radiotherapy alone. Nevertheless, with respect to survival rate prolongation, these differences are not manifested in favor of the combined method of treatment. After a conservative treatment (radiotherapy and radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy) of patients with differentiated types of inoperable lung cancer there was a one-year survival rate of 55.7%, 17.27% of the patients survived for 2 years, and 8.55% for 3 years. In radiotherapy applied alone as in the combined method as well, a direct dependence of survival rate prolongation on immediate therapeutical effects was detected. For more than 1 year survived 49 patients (73.1%) out of 67 exhibiting pronounced immediate effects, and for 3 years survived 8 patients out of 9.

Adult↗