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F Algaba

Publications and source records attributed to F Algaba.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Boundary in the pathologic evaluation of premalignant prostatic lesions.

The term "premalignant lesion" encompasses diverse morphological entities that vary in their phenotype and biologic behavior. This diversity makes the group heterogeneous, although these lesions share the common factor of having pathologic characteristics intermediate between normal (benign) and neoplastic (malignant). This creates dilemmas in reaching a pathologic diagnosis and in predicting biological behavior. The aim of this article is to present a series of case studies which highlight difficult diagnostic situations. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic criteria and available procedures. At present, two distinct atypical prostatic lesions are recognized: one in which the change is mainly cytological (PIN), and another in which the change is mainly architectural (Atypical adenomatous Hyperplasia or AAH).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour of the testis.

Five cases of large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour of the testis not associated with complex dysplastic syndromes are reported. The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 34 years and all the tumours were histologically similar, having large, isomorphic, non-mitotic, eosinophilic Sertoli cells with foci of calcification. Flow cytometry demonstrated the cells to be diploid or hypodiploid. All cases were positive for vimentin and focally positive for low molecular weight keratin. The present cases, together with a review of the 22 previously reported tumours, demonstrate that there are two clear cut types of large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumour; those which are associated with complex dysplastic syndromes and which are bilateral and multifocal, and those which are not associated and are unilateral and focal. Prognosis in all of our cases was uniformly good despite invasion of the rete testis in two cases. It is considered that conservative resection of the tumour is the treatment of choice in cases not associated with complex dysplastic syndromes, since the malignancy rate is low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Neuroendocrine cells in peripheral prostatic zone: age, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and latent cancer-related changes.

The neuroendocrine cells (NCs) in the peripheral prostatic zone of 32 patients without prostatic symptoms and with an average age of 61.4 +/- 6.7 (range 48-75) years were studied, and it was found that most are closed-type cells (95.8%) and that there is a gradual fall both in their total number and the number per square millimeter (p = 0.03) with advancing age. There were microscopic foci of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in 59.3% of the patients and occult carcinomas in 28.1%, but no statistical relationship was found between these lesions and the number of NCs (p = 0.35 and p = 0.9, respectively). The gradual increase in NCs in the peripheral zone of normal prostates as of adolescence, reported in the literature, would appear to support a possible androgenic action on these cells. Our finding of a decrease in patients with foci of PIN and carcinoma from the fifth decade suggests that this decrease in NCs may make the prostate more susceptible to carcinogenic factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Angiomyolipoma: the role of puncture-aspiration cytodiagnosis].

Angiomyolipomas (AML) of the kidney are benign tumors easily identified on image studies due to their fat content, but differential diagnosis with renal cell carcinoma may be sometimes difficult. A case of AML with atypical CT feature that were cleared by the characteristic findings on aspiration biopsy cytology is described, and the recent literature concerning controversies of image diagnosis and usefulness of aspiration biopsy cytology of renal AML is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Testicular metastasis in prostatic carcinoma].

Even though prostate carcinomas are the ones which more frequently metastasize the testis, this has only happen in 0.12% of our series, representing 0.9% of testicular tumours in our centre. Revision of such an uncommon pathology shows that in most instances they are asymptomatic, and that the likely route for dissemination is lymphatic, therefore they are not necessarily associated to visceral metastasis, while their repercussion in the prognosis is limited.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Low incidence of mutations in codon 12 of the c-K-ras gene in bladder cancer].

During vesical carcinogenesis a variety of genetic alterations such as oncogene mutation or loss of suppressor genes have been detected. Codon 12 mutation of the c-K-ras gene has been seen with a high frequency in several human neoplasias but its participation in the development of vesical cancers has not been fully dilucidated. Using the DNA restriction fragments polymorphism (RFLP) technique enhanced by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a study has been made of codon 12 mutation at the c-K-ras gene in 55 patient with vesical cancer undergoing surgery between 1991 and 1992. The tumoral stage was superficial (Ta-Tl) in 24 cases, infiltrant (T2-T4) in 28 cases and unknown in 3 cases. Two patients (3.6%) showed codon 12 mutation at the c-K-ras gene. One case was a fast evolving infiltrant tumour (T2-T3) which caused death of the patient after 4 months while the other case was a surface tumour (G2Ta) which relapsed early, the pathological anatomy revealing a stage T2-T3 squamous carcinoma. Our results suggest that codon 12 mutation at the c-K-ras gene is not a meaningful genetic change in the genesis of vesical cancer. Its emergence, however, appears to be related to a more aggressive tumoural behaviour.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Significance of ureteral carcinoma in situ in specimens of cystectomy.

In a retrospective review of 242 cystectomy specimens performed for bladder carcinoma, ureteral carcinoma in situ was found in 14 patients (5.7%), unilateral in 12 and bilateral in 2. Pathology of the bladder specimen was pT4 (6 cases), pT3 (3 cases), pT2 (1 case), pT1 (3 cases), and pT0 (1 case). In the cystectomy specimen and in previous biopsies, they all had grade 3 tumor, and 85% had bladder CIS. Two patients were lost during follow-up. Seven patients (58.4%) died of metastatic disease without evidence of upper tract recurrence (UTR). Their average survival was 15.8 months (range 4-60). Five patients (41.6%) are alive after an average follow-up of 33.6 months (range 18-72 months). In one case an UTR appeared 53 months after cystectomy. In patients with ureteral CIS and long-term survival, a careful follow-up is advisable. The incidence of UTR is increased in this subgroup (8% global and 20% of survivors) but mortality is due to progressive bladder disease.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1994

Pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The exact morphogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is unknown, but morphologic observations and different etiologic theories, such as the stem cell, dihydrotestosterone, and stromal-epithelial interaction hypotheses, help to explain some of the findings. For example, the initial changes in the development of BPH may result from an activation of mesenchymal clones with embryonal functions that stimulate development of the glandular component. This, in turn, induces the development and maturation of the stromal component. In areas that lack epithelial elements, such as those in the periurethral zone, the interaction stops and only embryonal small stromal nodules remain. On the other hand, the decrease in endocrine-paracrine cells may alter the normal local hormonal equilibrium of the periurethral area and may be an inducing factor in the development of BPH.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Renal angiomyolipoma: diagnostic difficulties and surgical indications in 20 surgically treated patients].

Between 1982 and 1993, 6 male and 14 female patients underwent partial or total nephrectomy due to renal angiomyolipoma (AML). Presentation forms were: in 6 cases (30%) acute pain with severe haematuria or signs of visceral bleeding, 3 (15%) acute pain without other symptoms, 7 (35%) chronic pain associated to haematuria or fever, or isolated haematuria, and in 4 (20%) it was a chance finding. No significant differences were found among tumor sizes considering the severity of the presentation form, but all AMLs with serious signs and symptoms had more than 5 cm diameter. A pre-operative diagnosis of AML was made in 15 (75%) patients, while 5 (25%) underwent surgery for other presumed diagnosis. Nine were conservative procedures of renal parenchyma and 11 were total or radical nephrectomies. There were no significant differences between tumour sizes by treatment performed. The authors review the imaging diagnostic difficulties and the various criteria supporting surgery in AML, and conclude by recommending individualized diagnosis and treatment in patients with AML suspicion of including puncture biopsy or cytology when in doubt, trying to avoid surgery in well characterized tumours, under 4 or 5 cm, provided that they could be followed-up regularly.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Staging of early prostate cancer: a proposed tumor volume-based prognostic index.

Current staging of early prostate cancer separates patients into two groups: those with palpable and non-palpable tumors. Such staging relies on digital rectal examination in making this separation, despite the low sensitivity, low specificity, and low positive predictive value of this method. As an alternative, tumor volume may be useful for staging because of its powerful prognostic ability and its potential to be assessed clinically due to recent advances in imaging techniques such as transrectal ultrasound. In this study, we evaluate the utility of tumor volume in predicting progression of early prostate cancer based on the composite published evidence from nine pathologic studies of serially-sectioned prostates. Logistic regression revealed that tumor volume was a good positive predictor of all measures of tumor progression. There was a 10 percent probability of capsular invasion in tumors measuring about 0.5 cm3; 10 percent probability of seminal vesicle invasion in tumors measuring about 4.0 cm3; and 10 percent probability of metastases in tumors measuring about 5.0 cm3. These composite results suggest that tumor volume is a significant predictor of cancer progression. A volume-based prognostic index is proposed as an adjunct to staging for early prostate cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Cytogenetic characteristics and of primary culture in multiple renal tumors].

The incidence of multiple tumours in renal cancer ranges between 1 and 30%. In these cases, it becomes very difficult to differentiate between adenoma and carcinoma just by using conventional methods, particularly in borderline cases. We carried out primary cultures and subsequent cytogenetic studies in 2 patients with multiple renal cancer. Clonal numerical changes in the first case were: 3, 7, 16 and 17 trisomies, chromosome loss; and structural changes, del(1) (p34), del(2) (p16, p22). In the second case, clonal numerical changes were 7 trisomy and tetrasomy and loss of the Y chromosome. Both tumours were cytogenetically characterized as papillary renal tumours. The diagnostic approaches are discussed and the prognosis possibilities evaluated, using this method to evaluate them in multiple renal tumours.

Chromosome Aberrations↗