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Biomedical subjects

F W Ahnefeld

Publications and source records attributed to F W Ahnefeld.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Artificial ventilation with the servo-ventilator 900 (author's transl)].

The use of artificial ventilation in the treatment of seriously ill or severely injured patients demands extensive knowledge on the part of the physician of the physiological and pathological effects of ventilation. In addition, it is required that the manufacturers develop ventilators able to meet there special demands. During the last two years the Servo-Ventilator 900 has been in use in our intensive care unit. During this period we were very impressed by its versatile applicability. The use of this apparatus however more than ever before requires the knowledge of breathing mechanisms and their pathophysiological consequences. The various flow- and breathing-rate-patterns combined with the exact electronic control of the respiratory make possible subtle adjustments--to the required ventilation pattern.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Conditions for the efficacy of nutritional therapy].

This is to discuss regulatory mechanisms which enable the organism to respond optimally to special nutritive conditions. Those regulatory mechanisms are often in disorder with patients who need nutritive therapy. However, normal functions of the body are required for nutrition. Disarrangements in microcirculation, oxygen supply, water and electrolyte metabolism and acid-base metabolism are described and the way they will influence nutrition therapy. Furthermore, we try to describe special conditions of metabolism in stress and its influence to efficiency of nutritive therapy.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1976

[Peripheral parenteral feeding during the postoperative stage (preliminary report)].

In various test series, the quantitative requirements for a parenteral basic nutrition of patients after moderately severe surgical trauma were investigated. The best results were achieved with a balanced infusion solution providing 1,800 kcal (greater than or equal to 7,540 kJ) and 75 g of amino acids (TPE 1800) per patient and day. A lower supply of amino acids and calories is obviously uneconomic. The solution was well tolerated also when it was infused via peripheral veins.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

[Glucose and glucose substitutes in postoperative infusion therapy].

Findings are referred which resulted from two series of investigations with carbohydrate infusions in the post-operative phase, further in one series concerning gravida during delivery and in two other series concerning polytraumatised patients in intensive care. Independent of the question whether glucose or non-glucose-carbohydrates should be preferred, we were able to demonstrate that every mono-therapy with carbohydrates is less sufficient than a combination of these substrates.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of canrenoate potassium on intraoperative disturbances of electrolyte equilibrium].

In 61 patients the influence of canrenoate potassium on the shift of electrolytes during the intraoperative phase is studied. Without medication of canrenoate potassium depletion of potassium, magnesium and zinc occurs, a sign of transitory intraoperative hyperaldosteronism. On the other hand, preoperative and intraoperative infusion of 1000 mg canrenoate potassium prevents an increased excretion of electrolytes. Causes and consequences of the electrolyte depletion as well as the effect of canrenoate-potassium medication are discussed.

Calcium↗
PubMed1975

Suitability of non-glucose-carbohydrates for parenteral nutrition.

Postoperative parenteral nutrition can only be optimally effective if the characteristics of post-traumatic metabolism are taken into account. Two main possibilities are discussed for the carbohydrate component of parenteral nutrition during this phase: glucose with high doses of insulin or non-glucose carbohydrates (sugar substitutes) possibly in a suitable combination with glucose. The risks as well as the technical and organisational problems involved in the use of them are discussed and the authors prefer the second of the two alternatives. Possible side effects of non-glucose carbohydrates are pointed out and it is shown how these can be avoided by observing dose guidelines. So far a combination of frucose : glucose : xylitol in a ratio of 2 : 1 :1 with a total dose of 0.50 g/kg/hour has been studied most thoroughly. This combination normalises the fat metabolism and improves glucose tolerance without requiring exogenous insulin. Experiences with this combination as well as individual non-glucose carbohydrates on operated patients have been given continuously for up to 7 days and in some cases even for several weeks. No side effects, no deviations from a steady state and no abnormal changes of the laboratory values occurred. The authors are of the opinion that non glucose carbohydrates are necessary if the facilities for frequent blood sugar controls are not available.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1975

[Significance of trace elements within the scope of parenteral feeding as illustrated on the example of the elements copper, zinc and chromium].

Biochemical function and biological significance of Cu, Zn and Cr are reviewed briefly. During a longterm perenteral nutrition a depletion of the organism of copper and zinc is to be expected. Therefore, in parenteral nutrition, an early substitution of zinc seems to be usefull. Up to now a similar recommendation for copper cannot be given. As many infusion solutions are contaminated with chromium, there is no need to substitute this element in parenteral nutrition.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1975

[Metabolic behavior and utilization of parenterally administered carbohydrates in the postoperative phase].

60 patients who had to undergo the same operation were subdivided at random into five groups. Each group obtained in respect to the part of carbohydrates a different infusion solution (5% glucose, 5% fructose, 5% xylitol, 5% xylitol-glucose-fructose, 5% sorbitol) with an always constant part of electrolytes, the dosage of which was 60 ml/kg body weight on the day of operation and 40 ml/kg body weight during the first 3 postoperative days being continuously distributed over 24 hours. From the day before the operation until the third postoperative day the effects on metabolic parameters (lactate, uric acid, blood glucose and others) as well as the utilization of the different energy carriers were investigated. While after a glucose infusion, due to a reduced utilization, no change of the lactate level could be proved in the postoperative phase, the effect of fructose on the lactate concentration was most evident. The administration of xylitol was followed by a small increase of the serum uric acid on the first and second postoperative day, whereas in the other groups its decrease could be proved - there was no change after the administration of sorbitol. The highest blood glucose levels were found in the group to which glucose and the three-part solution of xylitol-glucose-fructose were administered. About the utilization of the different energy carriers only a limited information could be given. Altogether the results allow the conclusion that a combination of xylitol, glucose, and fructose or alternatively sorbitol can be considered the most favourable carbohydrates for preparing an isotonic base electrolyte solution.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The biological significance of zinc (author's transl)].

Zinc takes part in the catalytic function of many metalloenzymes. In others it plays a role in conformational stability. In zinc deficient animals protein synthesis is disturbed. Conversely zinc metabolism is influenced by protein deficiency. Zinc takes part in drug metabolism, in mobilizing vitamin A from the liver, and in a system defending the organism against free radical damage. Zinc distribution in the organism is influenced by steroid hormones and leucocytic endogenous mediators. Of the intracellular zinc only a small part is bound to metalloenzymes, most being coordinated to binding sites of nonspecific proteins. Thus the organism defends itself against conformational changes of irritable enzymes which may bind excess zinc to side chains. Zinc can protect the organism against cadmium toxicity. In the serum the smaller part of zinc is firmly bound to several specific proteins, the majority being loosely bound to albumin. Some aspects of human zinc metabolism in health and disease are reviewed. Zinc deficiency in man is rare. In Iran and Egypt a syndrome of iron and zinc deficiency associated with anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly, dwarfism, and hypogonadism is known. In wound healing and tissue repair substitution of zinc is beneficial only if a zinc deficiency exists. For purposes of long term parenteral nutrition zinc should be added to the different infusion solutions.

Animals↗