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Biomedical subjects

G Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to G Inoue.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Constancy of net protein intake in rats on self-selection regimen with proteins of various qualities.

Voluntary intake of proteins of various qualities in relation to dietary protein utilization was investigated in growing and adult rats. The rats were given two diets, one containing high protein and the other no protein, and were allowed to self-select protein and energy intakes freely from both diets. The results showed that total food intake (protein diet plus protein-free diet) and body weight gain were similar among five proteins tested. However, the amount of protein consumed by the growing rats per 100 g of total food intake (i.e., dietary protein level) was different depending upon the protein qualities, that is, wheat gluten (WG) 44 g, casein (CA) 30 g, soy protein (SP) 21 g, lactalbumin (LA) 19 g, and amino acid mixture simulating egg protein (AA) 11 g. Net protein utilization (NPU), estimated as the proportion of protein intake that is retained in the body, was as follows: WG, 20%; CA, 33%; SP, 44%; LA, 50%; and AA, 74%. From the above figures, net dietary protein value, which is a measure of utilizable protein in the diet, was calculated by multiplying the dietary protein level by NPU. In contrast to the difference in protein intake, net dietary protein value was quite constant in spite of large differences in the dietary protein quality, being 8 to 10%. A similar relationship between protein intake and protein utilization was obtained also with adult rats, except that the net dietary protein value was smaller in adult rats than in growing rats. These results may suggest that the animals can regulate the intake of dietary protein to keep the amount of protein available for the body constant.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of levamisole hydrochloride on advanced and recurrent breast cancer--LMS randomized controlled study of a group responding to CAF (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-FU) therapy].

The effect of levamisole HCL on advanced and recurrent breast cancer was investigated cooperatively by a randomized controlled study using envelope method. Patients with advanced and recurrent breast cancer who had showed either complete response or partial response to the previous CAF therapy (cyclophosphamide 100 mg/body/day p.o. from day 1 to 14, adriamycin 30 mg/body/day i.v. on day 1 and 8, 5-FU 500 mg/body/day i.v. on day 1 and 8) were entered in this study and divided randomly into a control group and a levamisole group. No further treatment was given to patients of the control group until they fell into progressive disease. Patients of the levamisole group were given the drug at a daily dose of 150 mg for 3 consecutive days every fortnight. Fifty-nine cases were entered in this protocol, but 9 cases of them were ruled out as exclusions or dropouts. Therefore, the number of eligible cases was 31 in the levamisole group and 19 in the control group. Both the duration of remission and the survival time were significantly (p less than 0.05) prolonged in the levamisole group compared with the control group. There was no difference in side effects between these two groups.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Effects of dietary protein or amino acids in the perfusion medium on amino acid metabolism in perfused adult rat liver.

To elucidate the response of amino acid metabolism in the liver to dietary protein and plasma amino acids, the livers of adult rats fed on diet containing 10% (control) or 3% (low-protein) egg protein for 3 weeks were perfused for 120 min with amino acid-free medium in Experiment 1 or medium containing an amino acid mixture simulating that in plasma in Experiment 2. During perfusion about 40% of the free amino acids were lost from the liver in Exp. 1, and about 30% in Exp. 2. During this period, in Exp. 1 the releases of free amino acids and urea into the medium were 140 mumol and 2.52 mg, respectively, in the control group and 207 mumol and 1.10 mg respectively, in the low-protein group. Thus release was greater than decrease in free amino acids in the liver. Essential amino acids, particularly lysine and branched chain amino acids, were released preferentially. The results suggest that the amount of breakdown of liver protein in the two groups was similar, but that the nitrogen was mainly released as free amino acids in the low-protein group, and as urea in the control group. On the contrary, in Exp. 2 the amount of nitrogen released from the liver was comparable to the decrease in amino acids in the liver, and the releases of urea were also less, being 1.83 mg in the control group and 0.54 mg in low-protein group. The results show that amino acid metabolism in the liver is greatly affected by the nutritional state of the animal and the amino acid content of the perfusion fluid.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

[An angiographic study of congenital hand anomalies (author's transl)].

Accurate knowledge of the arterial variations of the anomalous hand is of considerable practical importance not only in the process of reconstructive surgery in hand anomalies but also in the consideration of the classification and the developmental stage of these defects. Between 1970 and 1980, we have performed an angiography on 102 anomalous hands of 97 patients at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Branch Hospital. They consist of 28 cases of polydactyly, 25 of syndactyly, 14 of cleft hand, 13 of radial ray deficiency, 6 of ulnar ray deficiency, 6 of congenital constriction band syndrome, 5 of brachysyndactyly, 3 of macrodactyly and 1 each of monodactyly and aberrant muscle of the forearm. High origin of the radial artery was encountered in 11 out of 95 hands (11.6 per cent). In 5 out of 11 hands, an incomplete volar arch was found. The median artery entered into the formation of the superficial volar arch in about 20 per cent of cases. It occurred most frequently in radial ray deficiency (Table 1). An unusual division and course of the artery in the forearm occurred in 5 hands. The developmental disorders of the radial artery were encountered in 19 of the 102 hands (18.6 per cent). Especially, they were observed frequently in radial ray deficiency, and represented an occurrence in 84.6 per cent of these deficits (Table 2). The superficial volar arch was absent in about 25 per cent of cases. This arterial pattern was seen frequently in cleft hand and syndactyly (Table 3). In 30 of the 39 cases of syndactylism, the common digital artery bifurcated into the proper digital artery much further distally than normal. The digital arterial patterns of the duplicated thumb could be divided into 4 types (Fig. 3). The arterial patterns of cleft hand were quite different from those with radial ray deficiency, but were rather similar to those of syndactyly. The arterial patterns of ulnar ray deficiency tended to fall into two groups: those with the developmental disorders of the radial artery and those without them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Utilization of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan given intravenously to unrestrained adult rats.

The nutritional value of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (NALT) given intravenously was examined in unrestrained adult rats. They were given solutions of 4% Vuj pattern amino acids, 24.5% glucose, vitamins and electrolytes intravenously for 10 days. They were divided into three groups; one group was then injected intravenously with complete amino acid solution (T group), one with tryptophan-free amino acid solution (TF group) and one group with complete amino acid solution but with NALT instead of tryptophan (NALT). The biological value of the NALT group was 49.6; this value corresponded to 90% of that of the T group. Excretion of injected amino acids totalled about 2.0 to 3.0% in this experiment. The effects of NALT on carcass composition, certain blood constituents and tryptophan pyrrolase activity in the liver were also examined.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Effects of protein deficiency on muscle myofibrillar protein turnover in adult rats.

The rates of gain, catabolism, synthesis and reutilization of myofibrillar protein were measured in adult rats fed a protein-free diet, low protein diet (2% lactalbumin) or control diet (10% lactalbumin) for 14 to 31 days. Two forms of synthesis were measured: exogenous synthesis (nitrogen derived from diet) and endogenous synthesis (nitrogen derived from catabolized body protein). The rate of gain of myofibrillar protein was measured as the rate of increase in its weight and the rate of catabolism was determined from urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion. The rate of total synthesis was calculated as the sum of these two rates. Exogenous synthesis was calculated from the recovery of isotope in protein 24 h after oral administration of 15N-leucine and endogenous synthesis was calculated as the difference between the total synthesis and exogenous synthesis. Reutilization was calculated as the ratio of endogeneous synthesis to catabolism. The rate of catabolism was slightly decreased in protein deficiency (2.1, 2.1 and 2.6% in the protein-free, low protein and control groups, respectively), while that of synthesis was significantly decreased in protein deficiency (1.3, 2.0 and 3.3% in the respective groups). Restriction of protein intake resulted in a decrease in the rate of exogenous synthesis, without appreciable change of endogenous synthesis. The reutilization rate of endogenous N was estimated to be about 70% in rats with restricted protein intakes and about 50% in those with a normal protein intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of low protein diets on free amino acids in plasma of young men: effect of wheat gluten diet.

Studies were made on alterations in plasma amino acids in young men fed a diet containing graded levels of wheat gluten. After one week on a standard diet containing 200 mgN/kg of mixed protein (animal protein content 45%), 38 young men were given a wheat gluten diet containing 170, 100, 60, 30, 15 or zero mgN/kg for 2 weeks. Blood samples measuring plasma free amino acids were taken before breakfast at the end of the periods on a standard diet and an experimental diet. In subjects on diets containing 170 to 30 mgN/kg the plasma concentrations of threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, serine, histidine and arginine fell significantly with decrease in protein intake, but the concentration of alanine increased significantly. On the other hand, in subjects on diets containing 15 or zero mgN/kg, the plasma concentrations of the essential amino acids did not decrease, but increased to slightly more than in subjects on a diet containing 30 mgN/kg, and the alanine and glycine concentrations increased steadily. Values for plasma lysine varied from 146 +/- 22 to 194 +/- 31 mumoles/liter with gluten intakes of 170 to zero mgN/kg, but were comparable with that of 186 +/- 33 mumules/liter in subjects on a standard diet, showing that the plasma lysine concentration did not clearly reflect the dietary concentration of lysine in young men on a wheat gluten diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Requirement and utilization of egg protein by Japanese young men with marginal intakes of energy.

The effect of marginal intakes of energy on the requirement and utilization of egg protein was evaluated in 46 Japanese young men. The subjects were given a standard diet for 1 week and then low protein diets for 2 weeks. These diets contained about 32, 64, and 80 mgN/kg with whole eggs as the protein source. In the first experiment with excess energy, the energy intakes of 31 subjects were kept constant during the 3 week experiment, the mean intakes being 48.2 +/- 1.5 kcal/kg. The body weight was affected by changing protein intakes while maintaining energy intakes at 48 kcal/kg. From regression analysis, the N requirement for apparent N equilibrium was estimated to be 82.0 +/- 8.0 mgN/kg, where NPU was calculated as 56. In the second experiment with submaintenance energy, 15 subjects received 40 kcal/kg. The N requirement was 124 +/- 21 mgN/kg, where NPU was calculated as 37. From these results and those of previous studies, it was concluded as follows: 1) N balance and NPU were remarkably affected by energy intake changed around maintenance level; and 2) the NPU for egg protein in young men for maintenance intakes of energy and N is about 50 to 55. For estimation of the protein requirement for Japanese adults, a correction factor of 100/55 (about 1.8) was used instead of 1.3 adopted by the 1973 FAO/WHO.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of low-protein diets on free amino acids in plasma of young men: effect of protein quality with maintenance or excess energy intake.

Hematological changes due to protein deprivation were studied in 34 young Japanese men who were given a standard diet with an N intake of 200mg/kg for one week and then low-protein diets with maintenance (45 +/- 2 kcal/kg) or excess (57 +/- 2 kcal/kg) energy and N intakes of about 44 to 99 mg/kg of whole egg or about 50 to 121 mg/kg of polished rice for three weeks. In the period of the low-protein diet the concentrations of most individual free plasma essential amino acids (EAA) decreased significantly in general, and thus the total EAA concentration decreased significantly. Lowering of the valine concentration and elevation of the alanine concentration were the highest changes. The total nonessential amino acid (NEAA) concentration increased significantly in men fed a low-rice-protein diet, but not in those fed a low-egg-protein diet. Consequently, in the former group the ratio of essential to nonessential amino acids fell significanly from 0.96 in the control period to 0.61--0.74 in the period of consuming the low-protein diet. The effect of protein deprivation on the plasma EAA concentration was also larger with egg protein than with rice protein, and the total EAA concentration of men fed egg protein changed significantly and in parallel with the N intake over the range of 44 to 99mg/kg. The decreases in serine and threonine and increase in alanine tended to be more when energy intake was over the maintenance level. The concentration of plasma proteins and especially albumin decreased significantly during the period of consuming the low-protein diet. The interrelation of plasma-free amino acids, the amino acid pool in tissures and dietary N and energy intakes is briefly discussed.

Adult↗