Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Neumann.
Physical, chemical and biological regulatory factors of the vaginal microecological system are described. The variety of these factors leads to new conceptions for diagnosis and therapy of vaginal infects, which however can only be implemented within the framework of interdisciplinary cooperation.
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Lack of movement is an essential cause for the development of obesity and dys- and hyperlipoproteinaemias. These disturbances of metabolism are risk factors for the development of the early coronary heart disease. The medicamentous treatment of these diseases can be decisively supported by dosed application of athletic exercises (sports therapy). Persevering athletic exercises of at least 30 min duration increase the activity of lipocatabolic enzymes (lipoprotein lipase, serum-lecithin-cholesterol-acyl transferase). As measure of exercise in sports therapy perseverance-orientated kinds of sport of altogether 2 hours a week are recommended.
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The present study was designed to investigate the dose-response of clomiphene on several estrogenic responses in the immature rat uterus and to compare it to available data on estradiol-17 beta. A dissociation was demonstrated among the different estrogenic responses induced by clomiphene. Very high doses of clomiphene were needed to induce the 6-h uterine eosinophilia and deep endometrial edema, and maximal response levels were not reached at any dose studied. On the contrary, many genomic responses were induced with much lower doses of clomiphene, and maximal response levels were reached with at least the two highest doses of clomiphene. This dissociation is in agreement with the existence of separate groups of responses that are mediated by multiple and independent mechanisms of estrogen action involving different kind of receptors. Luminal epithelial, glandular epithelial, and myometrial hypertrophies were also found to differ with regard to the dose needed to induce this response in each cell type. The dissociation between genomic responses of the different uterine cell types supports the hypothesis of different estrogen receptors for each kind of cell. Clomiphene induces mitoses in the different cell types, but the proportion of mitoses in the cell types was different from that described for estradiol. It is suggested that these differences are also due to differences between receptors involved in cell proliferation.
The effects of seven beta-receptor blocking drugs differing in lipophilicity by 3.5 orders of magnitude (propranolol, bupranolol, oxprenolol, metoprolol, sotalol, practolol, atenolol) were studied on the circadian rhythm in motor activity of light-dark-synchronized (light (L): 7-19 h, dark (D): 19-7 h) male rats. Motor activity after i.p. injection of saline or of the racemic mixtures of all drugs and the isomers of propranolol, bupranolol and practolol was measured in groups of 5 rats with a motimeter. Two doses of either drug were injected either at 7:30 a.m. in L or at 7:30 p.m. in D. In L the drugs did either not affect motor activity or even increased motility in comparison to saline. No dosage-dependency was observed in the drug effects in L. In contrast, during D a dosage-dependent decrease in motor activity was found for all compounds. ED50-values of decrease in motility during D were negatively correlated with lipophilicity (partition coefficient) of the compounds. No significant difference was found in the ED50-values of the isomers studied. The results clearly demonstrate a circadian phase dependency in the effects of beta-receptor blocking drugs on motor activity of rats. A dosage-dependent central depressant effect of the drugs could be observed only in D. It is concluded that the central depressant effects of beta-receptor blocking drugs are mainly due to the non-specific, lipophilic property of the drugs and not brought about by a specific blockade of central beta-adrenoceptors.
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Pharmacokinetic data obtained after intravenous and single and repeat chronic oral dosing of indoramin in nine patients with liver cirrhosis are described. Median plasma clearance is 11.2 ml/min/kg. Terminal disposition half-life is prolonged after intravenous as well as acute and chronic oral dosing (9.1 versus 10.7 versus 12.2 h). Median volume of distribution is 11.2 L/kg. Bioavailability is increased with a wide range of distribution from 12.2 to 75.4%. There is a slight tendency of accumulation during twice daily oral dosing that cannot be explained by the degree of prolongation of half-life. The kinetics of the main metabolite, 6-hydroxyindoramin, are substantially comparable to the kinetics of indoramin with a ratio of 6-hydroxyindoramin/indoramin calculated from the area under plasma concentration-time curve of 0.3, which is within the range of normal. All data suggest that the changed pharmacokinetics are due to altered liver perfusion as would be expected from a substance with a plasma clearance in the magnitude of liver perfusion in normal volunteers. It seems likely that, in patients with liver cirrhosis, similar alpha 1 blocking effects may be achieved with lower doses than in patients with normal liver function.
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From January 1, 1980, to April 30, 1985 in Stuttgart of 537 adult cases of registered bacteriologically confirmed endothoracic tuberculosis 31.1% were detected by the Public Health Office, of the 435 cases without bacteriological confirmation 40.9%. The rate of detection by general practitioners was 2.4 and 2.6 respectively in these groups from 1980 to 1982 and increased to 10.3 and 10.5% from 1983 to 1985. With bacteriological confirmation 54.6% were detected because of symptoms, 10.2% by general examination, 7.8% by mass miniature X-ray, and 27.4% by other active diagnostic measures. Without bacteriologic confirmation the figures are 41.4, 4.1, 17.9, and 36.6%. Only very few differences as given by nationality, sex and age are statistically significant. Two of three cases with bacteriologic confirmation were positive by direct smear. If the detection was by symptoms the percentage is 74.4 which should be compared with 58.2% by general examination, 50.0% by mass miniature X-ray, and 59.2% by other active diagnostic measures. Active diagnostic must be continued in risk groups.
Nutrition and weight gain during the first trimenon of life of 400 babies (200 boys and 200 girls) born in 1975-1977 or 1979-1980 were compared with those of 600 babies (300 boys and 300 girls) born in 1982-1984. The following results were obtained: 1. In 1975-1977 only 10.8%, but in 1979-1980 23.1% and 1982-1984 33.6% of the babies have been breast-fed for more than 6 weeks. 2. In 1975-1977 16% of the babies showed a weight gain of more than 3.0 kg during the first trimenon of life, whereas in 1979-1980 only 8.5% and 1982-1984 only 2.2% displayed such a high weight gain. The average weight gain during the first trimenon was 2.75 +/- 0.55 kg in 1975-1977 and 2.30 +/- 0.61 kg in 1979-1980 and 2.43 +/- 0.35 kg in 1982-1984. 3. The percentage of babies with a weight gain of more than 3 kg during the first trimenon of life was significantly lower in those who were predominantly breast-fed than in those who where predominantly bottle-fed during this period (4.7% versus 9.7%). Hence breast feeding appears to be the best preventive therapy of an early developmental obesity.
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To find and eradicate synchronous neoplasms, colonoscopy was performed before and after resectional surgery in 50 patients with "occluding colorectal cancer," defined as encroachment of the lumen by tumor to a degree that prevented passage of a colonoscope. Synchronous, frequently multiple adenomas were found in 29 (58 percent) of these patients. Three patients (6 percent) had synchronous invasive cancer as well. None of these lesions was detected by intraoperative palpation, even though 46 percent of them measured more than 1.0 cm in diameter. Synchronous neoplasms were found significantly more often in patients with occluding cancer than in patients with non-occluding cancer, investigated concurrently at the same hospital. The former patients appear to be in double jeopardy with respect to synchronous neoplasms, these being more prevalent and less accessible than in patients with non-occluding tumors. Moreover, most of the synchronous lesions are undetectable by palpation. These findings bear out the importance of early postoperative, as well as preoperative, colonoscopy in all patients with occluding colorectal cancer.