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Biomedical subjects

G Sterner

Publications and source records attributed to G Sterner.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Use of erythromycin to prevent pertussis in newborns of mothers with pertussis.

During the period 1975-1985, 35 women with serology- or culture-confirmed pertussis at the time of labor were admitted to the Danderyd Hospital (Danderyd, Sweden). In 32 cases, the mothers were allowed to nurse their newborns while receiving erythromycin therapy. Erythromycin prophylaxis was given to 28 newborns. None of the newborns developed clinical or laboratory signs of whooping cough. The therapy was well tolerated by the newborns and did not affect the microflora in the gut. Maternal antibodies to pertussis toxin and to the filamentous hemagglutinin were found in cord blood, and levels decreased during the follow-up period. The study demonstrated that mothers with pertussis can safely be allowed to nurse their infants if both receive erythromycin.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

Subcutaneous and intranasal administration of 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin in the assessment of renal concentration capacity.

Maximum urine concentration capacity was studied in healthy adults using different routes and doses of administration of 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)-desmopressin. Plasma levels of DDAVP showed a dose-dependent increase after the subcutaneous but not after the intranasal administration. The effect on urine osmolality was similar but more prolonged after the subcutaneous as compared to the intranasal route. We conclude that subcutaneous injection is a simple and reliable way of administering DDAVP. A dose of 4 micrograms in adults is optimum diagnostically and it corresponds to 20-40 micrograms administered intranasally.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1985

A 16-month-old boy with infectious mononucleosis, parotitis and Bell's palsy.

The case of a 16-month-old boy with infectious mononucleosis who developed bilateral parotitis and unilateral Bell's palsy is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by the development of specific antibodies for various Epstein-Barr virus antigens typical of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. Serological tests for other viruses were negative. The Bell's palsy subsided within three months, while the clinical signs of infectious mononucleosis and parotitis persisted for three weeks.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Childhood psychologic environmental exposure in women with diagnosed somatoform disorders. A case-control study.

Fifty-three female patients with diagnosed somatoform disorders (having pronounced somatic symptoms without objective somatic signs) were studied regarding childhood exposure to death, divorce, serious somatic illness and prolonged pain in members of their core family. Similar registrations were made in a control group of 53 healthy women. The two groups were compared using the case-control method. The results revealed a more frequent exposure in the somatoform disorder patients regarding all four items, and for serious somatic illness and prolonged pains the difference was statistically significant. Further elaboration of the data suggested that exposure to pain in the family was the most important of the studied factors. The findings are thought to demonstrate the environmental etiologic impact on somatoform disorders occasioned by such psychologic exposure as those registered. The possibility of a genetic etiologic implication of the findings is also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Long-term follow-up in chronic non-obstructive pyelonephritis. A retrospective radiological study.

Chronic non-obstructive pyelonephritis has been followed for periods ranging from 18 to 40 years (mean 25), by using series of urographies and clinical examinations. The patients studied were fifteen adults, and eight children who were between the ages of three months and eleven years at their initial examinations. Among the adults, progressive scarring was found in 3 patients with renal calculi, the others remaining unchanged during the follow-up period. Among the children, progressive scarring was found in all affected kidneys, the scarring progressing during early childhood and adolescence, and then remaining unchanged during adult life. This retrospective study indicates that calyceal clubbing and parenchyma scarring occur during childhood and seldom progress without the intrusion of superimposing factors, such as renal stone formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Severe community-acquired pneumonia: factors influencing need of intensive care treatment and prognosis.

53 patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring treatment in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were studied retrospectively. The majority of patients (77%) had some predisposing factor: illness, smoking or alcoholism. A cause of pneumonia was established in 53% of the cases; Streptococcus pneumoniae was the dominating pathogen. Immediate active treatment was required in 70% of the patients and 58% were treated with mechanical ventilation. The overall mortality was 25% (32% among patients treated with mechanical ventilation) and rose to 39% when a follow-up period of 3.25 years on average was included. A significantly higher mortality rate was seen among elderly patients and among those who were previously immunocompromised or who had a leukocyte count of less than or equal to 9 X 10(9)/l on admission to hospital. It is concluded that although the mortality rate was considerable among the 53 ICU-treated patients with severe community-acquired pneumonias, several were saved by intensive care treatment. Most of those who survived their pneumonia eventually recovered fully.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Charcoal hemoperfusion for treatment of serious carbamazepine poisoning.

A case of severe carbamazepine intoxication (total dose 80 g) is reported. Because of deep coma and cardiovascular symptoms, intensive care and hemoperfusion were employed. The carbamazepine hemoperfusion clearance rate was 80-90 ml/min, but due to a probable ongoing absorption from the gut the effect of hemoperfusion was limited. Long hemoperfusion periods are recommended due to the pharmacokinetic pattern of carbamazepine.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Small intestinal absorption of glycine and glycyl-glycine in patients with chronic renal failure.

Intestinal absorption of glycine and glycyl-glycine was studied in 9 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (mean creatinine clearance 9 ml/min) and 7 healthy controls. After an oral load of the amino acid or dipeptide, plasma alpha-amino nitrogen (alpha-NH2N) was measured repeatedly for two hours and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal rule. In uremic patients, plasma alpha-NH2N was significantly lower after glycine than after glycyl-glycine at 30, 45 and 60 min and also AUC was smaller after the amino acid indicating a reduced total uptake. One patient with severe, terminal uremia had a flat curve after glycine administration. In control subjects, plasma levels were lower after glycine than after glycyl-glycine at 30 min but AUC did not differ between the amino acid and the dipeptide. Generally these results agree with those in earlier studies of non-uremic man showing that, in small intestine, dipeptides are taken up better and by a different mechanism than amino acids.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Small intestinal dipeptidases and disaccharidases in uraemic rats on a low protein diet.

Small intestinal dipeptidases (substrate: glycyl-L-leucine, L-methionyl-L-methionine, and L-alanyl-L-proline) were determined in uraemic and sham-operated rats given normal protein diet (24%), low protein diet (6%), and total parenteral nutrition for 10-14 days. Disaccharidases (substrate: maltose, sucrose, trehalose, and lactose) were measured after normal and low protein diet orally. Glycyl-L-leucine and L-methionyl-L-methionine splitting activities were increased on normal protein diet but decreased after low protein feeding in uraemic rats. Parenteral nutrition further lowered the enzyme activity. L-Alanyl-L-proline dipeptidase activity showed an inverse relation to protein intake with the highest values after parenteral nutrition. Lactase increased in uraemic rats after low protein feeding and was the only disaccharidase to be affected by the nutritional change. It is suggested that the changes of the intestinal dipeptidase activities in uraemia are adaptive to variation in the luminal content of di- and oligopeptides because of the type of nutrition given.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Plasma free amino acid levels in uremic rats given high and low protein diets or intravenous infusions of amino acid solutions.

Plasma free amino acids were measured in uremic and sham-operated rats fed for 10 days a high (24%) or a low (6%) protein diet or given total parenteral nutrition, either with a complete amino acid solution or a solution containing only the amino acids considered to be indispensible in uremia. The plasma levels of citrulline, glycine, hydroxyproline, and 1- and 3-methylhistidine were elevated in all uremic rats compared with the corresponding controls. Plasma tryptophan was reduced in three out of four uremic groups and the brached-chain amino acids and tyrosine were reduced in plasma of orally fed uremic rats but not after intravenous infusion. Plasma serine increased with increased plasma glycine levels. The ratio serine:glycine was, however, significantly smaller in the uremic rats. The ratios of plasma valtine:glycine and indispensable:dispensable amino acids were affected by nitrogen intake as well as by uremia, whereas plasma citrulline:tryptophan was influenced only by the uremic state. This ratio was markedly elevated in all uremic groups. The alterations observed in the plasma free amino acid levels and ratios of the uremic rats were similar to those reported from clinical observations on patients with chronic renal failure.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Effects of total parenteral nutrition in rats with experimental chronic renal failure.

The effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in partially nephrectomized rats (n = 17) and sham-operated controls (n = 12) were evaluated and compared to the effect of low and high nitrogen oral diets (6% and 24% protein). TPN included fat (9 g/kg per day), high energy (1385 KJ/kg per day), and low nitrogen content (0.6 g N/kg per day, corresponding to 8% protein) either as essential amino acids (EAA) or as a mixture of essential and nonessential amino acids (CAA). The parenteral nutrition was administered intravenously via a permanent catheter continuously for 10 days. Most animals tolerated the treatment with no signs of overhydration or electrolyte imbalances. Uremic rats on TPN gained in weight similarly to control animals, whereas uremic rats given oral diets showed a lower weight increase. Both amino acid solutions promoted positive nitrogen balance and growth. Plasma urea dropped during TPN and low protein oral feeding in uremic and control rats, but not in the high protein-fed animals. Serum creatinine decreased with TPN but not with oral feeding in uremic rats. Albumin and hemoglobin levels were significantly reduced in all uremic rats irrespective of dietary treatment. The experimental model presented here could be useful for further studies on parenteral nutrition in uremia.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Small intestinal dipeptidases and disaccharidases in experimental uremia in rats.

Rats were made severely uremic with partial nephrectomy (24-hour creatinine clearance 10% of normal). Jejunal dipeptidase activities (substrates: glycyl-L-leucine, L-alanyl-L-proline, and L-methionyl-L-methionine), disaccharidase activities (maltase, sucrase, trehalase, and lactase) and morphology were studied. A highly significant increase in glycyl-L-leucine and L-methionyl-L-methionine dipeptidases was found in uremic rats compared with controls. Proline dipeptidase activities were unaltered. Disaccharidase activities showed a slight increase in sucrase in uremic rats; otherwise no change was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cefuroxime in soft tissue infections and septicaemia.

Data are presented on the absorption, antibacterial activity, clinical efficacy and side effects of cefuroxime in 33 cases with proven bacterial infection in soft tissues and in patients with septicaemia. The drug was administered mainly intramuscularly (i.m.) but also intravenously (i.v.). Peak serum concentrations 1 h after an injection of 750 mg cefuroxime i.m. were between 16-25 mug/ml. After 8 h the levels were mostly < 4 mug/ml in patients with normal renal function. I.v. injection gave only slightly higher maximum serum level obtained was approximately 40 mug/ml. No accumulation of the drug occurred in patients with normal renal function. Cefuroxime was active against all the gram-positive bacteria isolated from our patients as well as most of the gram-negatives. The clinical effect was satisfactory in 96%. The drug was well tolerated. Side effects were slight and relatively few.

Adolescent↗