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Biomedical subjects

H Takeuchi

Publications and source records attributed to H Takeuchi.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of tegafur, uracil, and 5-fluorouracil after oral administration of a 1:4 tegafur and uracil combination.

The effects of gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of UFT, a combined oral preparation of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (tegafur) and uracil at a molar ratio of 1:4, were examined in 26 patients with macroscopic Stage I gastric cancer. In all, 200 mg UFT (in terms of tegafur) was given to 17 patients who underwent partial gastrectomy (9 cases of Billroth I reconstruction, 8 cases of Billroth II reconstruction) and to 9 patients who underwent total gastrectomy with modified Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Before the operation, the area under the curve (AUC) for tegafur, uracil, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was 79.28 +/- 26.88, 4.41 +/- 1.78, and 0.51 +/- 0.20 micrograms h ml-1, respectively. Partial (Billroth I and II) and total gastrectomy did not alter the AUC of tegafur, and partial gastrectomy using the Billroth I and II methods decreased the AUCs of uracil and 5-FU during the first 2 weeks postoperation. However, plasma levels of uracil and 5-FU reverted to preoperative values at 3 months postsurgery. Our findings show that when UFT is prescribed for patients treated in the early postoperative period following partial gastrectomy for cancer, dose increases and the timing of administration should be given close attention.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Histological and microradiographic evaluation of hydrated and hardened alpha-tricalcium phosphate/calcium phosphate dibasic mixtures.

Bone tissue response to pre-hardened alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) and calcium phosphate dibasic (DCPD) mixture by hydration was studied histologically and microradiographically after implanting on the inferior aspect of the mandible in rabbits. In 1-month implants, new bone formation was observed along the surface of the material near the host bone, and connection of new and host bone through thin bone bridges was seen in some places. In 3-month implants, newly formed bone filled the greater part of the gap between material and host bone, and in 6-month implants, it surrounded almost all the surface of the material. New bone was in direct contact with the material in all implant periods. The bone response was essentially consistent with that to hydroxyapatite (HA). Resorption of the material was noticed in 3- and 6-month implants. It was concluded that pre-hardened alpha-TCP/DCPD mixture has good biocompatibility with bone tissue equal to HA and that it resorbs when implanted in rabbit. Further research should be performed to evaluate the material changes of resorption and formation of the white zone.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Anaerobic threshold can provoke microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetics.

We examined two groups of non-insulin-dependent diabetic men (group A, 13 patients without microalbuminuria; group B, 9 patients with intermittent microalbuminuria) to ascertain whether the anaerobic threshold (AT) can provoke microalbuminuria, comparing them with 12 healthy subjects matched for age and sex (group C). All subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer until the AT was reached. In intermittent microalbuminuria, the albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) was over 0.25 mg/mmol.Cr 1-3-fold in 5 measurements. The ACR after exercise was increased to over 0.25 mg/mmol.Cr in 4/9 cases in group B (P < 0.05), in 2/13 cases in group A, but not at all in group C. We also studied the mechanism of exercise-induced microalbuminuria. In group B, ACR before exercise correlated positively with the baseline plasma glucose. Furthermore, positive correlation was found between ACR after exercise and HbA1c in group B. The AT did not affect the urinary beta 2-microglobulin in any groups. The plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) after exercise was elevated most prominently in group B (P < 0.05). Positive correlation was found between increments of ACR and increments of plasma ANF after exercise in group B. We conclude that the AT can provoke microalbuminuria in some non-insulin-dependent diabetics. The plasma ANF and metabolic control may play an important role in the pathophysiology of exercise-induced microalbuminuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Interleukin 1 (IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta) induces differentiation/activation of B cell chronic lymphoid leukemia cells.

The effect of interleukin 1 (IL-1) was studied on leukemic cells from 12 patients with B cell chronic lymphoid leukemias including two cases of hairy cell leukemia (HCL), two cases of HCL-variant (HCL-V), one case of prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), and seven cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In most cases, IL-1 induced differentiation characterized by increments of sIg gamma+, sIg mu+ and PCA-1+ cells, and a decrement of CD5+ cells, and activation characterized by increments of CD23+ and HC2+ cells, but induced the proliferation of leukemic cells only in two HCL-V cases. Among these effects, increment of sIg+ cells was observed more frequently in non-CLL (4/5 cases) than in CLL (2/7 cases), and increments of sIg gamma+, CD23+ and PCA-1+ cells were induced more frequently by IL-1 beta than by IL-1 alpha. These results suggest that IL-1, especially IL-1 beta, plays a significant role in the differentiation and activation of leukemic cells, but has only a minor role as an extrinsic/leukemic cells in B cell chronic lymphoid leukemias, particularly those with more mature cells such as PLL and HCL.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1994

Preparation of agglomerated crystals for direct tabletting and microencapsulation by the spherical crystallization technique with a continuous system.

Adhesive and cohesive properties of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CP) crystals were modified to improve their powder processing, e.g., direct tabletting and microencapsulation, by agglomeration. Moreover, sustained-released gelling microcapsules of CP were devised to prolong the pharmacological effect. The spherical crystallization technique was applied to prepare agglomerates for direct tabletting and microencapsulation to use them as core materials. The ethanolic solution dissolving CP was poured into a stirred cyclohexane, yielding spherically agglomerated crystals. The resultant agglomerates were free-flowing and easily packable spheres with average diameters of 200 to 1000 microns. The agglomerates reserved the high compressibility of the original powder having a small particle size (14 microns). The compression behavior represented by Heckel's equation suggested that the agglomerates were disintegrated to individual primary crystals at low compression pressures, and then they were closely repacked and plastically deformed at higher pressures. After agglomeration, microencapsulation was continuously performed in the same batch by a phase separation method. Coacervate droplets produced by pouring cyclohexane into a dichloromethane solution, dissolving polyvinyl acetate as a coating polymer, were added to the crystallization system under stirring, to prepare the microcapsules. By filling the microcapsules in gelatin hard capsules or tabletting them, their drug release rates became retarded compared with the physical mixture treated in the same way, having the same formulation as the microcapsules. This phenomenon was due to the gelation of polyvinyl acetate of the microcapsules in the dissolution medium, whose glass transition temperature is very low. This novel sustained-release dosage form is termed "gelled microcapsules."

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1994

Point mutations at glycine-121 of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase: important roles of a flexible loop in the stability and function.

To elucidate the role of a flexible loop in the stability and function of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase, glycine-121 in a flexible loop (residues 117-131), separated by 19 A from active site Asp27, was substituted by site-directed mutagenesis with eight amino acids (Ala, Val, Leu, Asp, Ser, Cys, Tyr, and His). The free energy change of unfolding decreased in the order of G121A > G121D > G121C > G121S, wild-type > G121H > G121Y > G121L > G121V. The thermal denaturation temperature decreased with all mutations, accompanied by a decrease in the calorimetric enthalpy of denaturation. The steady-state kinetic parameter for the enzyme reaction, Km, was only slightly influenced, but kcat was significantly decreased by the mutations, there being 3- (G121C) to 42-fold (G121L) decreases in kcat/Km compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. The effects of mutations on the stability and enzyme activity were statistically examined as a function of the hydrophobicity and volume of amino acids introduced. The diminished stability and activity with increases in the hydrophobicity and volume of amino acids suggest that the main effect of the mutations would be modification of the flexibility of the loop due to overcrowding of the bulky side chains, overcoming the enhancement of the hydrophobic interaction.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Structure and expression of alpha-amylase gene from Vigna mungo.

A single copy of the alpha-amylase gene, composed of three introns and four exons, was found in Vigna mungo. Examination of levels of alpha-amylase and its mRNA in detached cotyledons indicated that attachment of the embryonic axis is not required for expression of the gene in cotyledons of germinating seeds.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Sevoflurane and isoflurane protect against bronchospasm in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Halothane and isoflurane have been shown to be effective in reversing bronchoconstriction; however, the effects of sevoflurane have not been well defined. We studied whether sevoflurane, compared with isoflurane, attenuates bronchospasm in dogs. METHODS: Twenty-four dogs sensitized to Ascaris suum were assigned to three groups: control (n = 8), sevoflurane (n = 8), or isoflurane (n = 8). In all dogs, anesthesia was induced with pentobarbital. In the sevoflurane and isoflurane groups, the volatile anesthetics were administered at an end-tidal anesthetic concentration of 1 MAC throughout the study. After measurement of pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) at baseline, A. suum antigen was administered intravenously into the systemic circulation to induce anaphylaxis, and RL and Cdyn were recorded continuously for 120 min after antigen challenge. RESULTS: Effects on RL and Cdyn were maximal 5 min after the start of systemic administration of antigen in all groups. Both 1 MAC sevoflurane and 1 MAC isoflurane significantly attenuated the increase in RL provoked by antigen challenge, but the attenuation from 10 to 15 min after challenge in the sevoflurane group was not significantly different from that in the control group. There was no significant difference in RL between sevoflurane and isoflurane. For both sevoflurane and isoflurane, attenuation of the decrease in Cdyn was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in Cdyn between sevoflurane and isoflurane. CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane is as effective as isoflurane in attenuating bronchoconstriction associated with anaphylaxis in dogs. Sevoflurane may be a useful alternative to halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane in the treatment of bronchospasm in asthma or anaphylaxis.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1994

Production of nitric oxide in anaphylaxis in rabbits.

To verify production of nitric oxide (NO) in anaphylaxis, we measured NO in peripheral tissue in anaphylactic rabbits using an NO-sensitive electrode. Rabbits were sensitized to horse serum, which was later administered over 10 s into the systemic circulation to induce anaphylaxis. Blood pressure (BP), central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate, and NO were recorded continuously for 80 min after antigen challenge. The NO-sensitive electrode was placed between the superficial abdominal fascia and the rectus abdominis fascia. The NO concentration increased to 3000-4800 pA (about 3-4.8 microM NO) within 4 min after initiation of anaphylaxis, at which time BP was decreased and CVP increased; however, NO production was continuously observed 30-60 min after antigen challenge, during which time changes in BP and CVP were not correlated with changes in NO concentration. In conclusion, NO production can be detected using an NO-selective electrode in anaphylactic rabbits.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1994

Laparoscopic varicocelectomy: invasiveness and effectiveness compared with conventional open retroperitoneal high ligation.

The invasiveness of laparoscopic varicocelectomy and open retroperitoneal high ligation of the internal spermatic veins were compared and the surgical effects on fertility of these two procedures determined. 48 of 97 men diagnosed with varicocele testis underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy, while the remaining 49 underwent open retroperitoneal high ligation of the internal spermatic vessels. Operating time, number of post-operative days to walking, length of hospital stay and analgesic use were measured as peri-operative indicators of invasiveness. In addition, seminal parameters were determined in order to evaluate the effects of these procedures on fertility. The operating time required for laparoscopic surgery was significantly longer than that for open surgery (96.6 vs 78.1 min., p = 0.0078). The patients in the laparoscopic surgery group began walking earlier post-operatively than did those who underwent open high ligation (0.97 vs 1.42 days, p = 0.00037). Length of hospital stay for the laparoscopic patients was shorter than for the open surgery group (7.05 vs 9.55 days, p = 0.00001). There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of semen quality or improvement in the post-operative rate of pregnancy of partners. These findings indicate that laparoscopic varicocelectomy is associated with a shorter period of convalescence than open high ligation of the internal spermatic vessels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Survival and prognostic factors associated with metastatic nonseminomatous testicular and extragonadal germ cell tumors.

To assess prognostic factors in patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, 50 patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and 10 patients with extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCT) were studied. The clinical staging system for testicular tumors proposed by The Japanese Urological Association and The Japanese Pathological Society was applied. All patients with EGGCT had primary sites in the retroperitoneum. The 3-year survival rates of TGCT and EGGCT were 71.9% and 60.0%, respectively, and there were no differences in patient characteristics. Patients had significantly worse survival rates if the following applied: choriocarcinoma in the primary tumors, serum lactate dehydrogenase level greater than twice the upper limit of normal, liver, brain, or mediastinal metastases, or retroperitoneal tumors greater than 10 cm. It was concluded that the poor-risk group could be defined as those patients having lymph nodal disease only (stage II or III A) with retroperitoneal tumors greater than 10 cm, having pulmonary disease (stage III B) with retroperitoneal tumors greater than 5 cm, or liver, bone or brain metastases (stage III C), and these criteria will predict the prognosis for patients with advanced disease because the good-risk patients (53% of all patients) and poor-risk patients (47%) in this study had 3-year survival rates of 88.7% and 49.7% (p < 0.0001), and complete response rates of 96.9% and 60.7% (p < 0.005), respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Evolving experience with continent urinary diversion using the Indiana pouch.

The Indiana continent urinary reservoir procedure for urinary diversion was performed in 46 patients. After the first 8 cases several modifications were made to the Indiana pouch. These modifications include complete detubularization of the colonic segment, construction of the pouch augmented with a U-shaped patch of ileum and, more recently, the use of stapled plication. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 46 mo (range 4.5-74.1 mo). There was 1 perioperative death and this case was excluded from the follow-up study. Late complications related to the urinary reservoir occurred in 12 (26.7%) of the 45 patients. Stone formation was observed in 5 patients. Out of 45 patients, 42 achieved complete urinary continence while 2 suffered mild nocturnal incontinence and 1 had significant leakage. Three had unilateral hydronephrosis due to ureteroanastomotic stricture. Reservoirgraphy demonstrated no reflux into the upper urinary tract in all of the follow-up cases. Loopography of the efferent limb showed that a staple-plicated ileum functions better than a suture-plicated one in terms of reliability of the continence mechanism and ease of catheterization. The Indiana pouch should be considered for any patient requiring cutaneous urinary diversion because it is technically easy to perform and it has a low revision and high continence rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: patient characteristics in good and poor responders.

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) has been shown to produce a clinical benefit in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. In order to identify the features of the ideal candidate, a retrospective analysis was conducted in 32 patients who were followed for 2 mo or more. Good responders (GR) were defined as having their Siroky peak flow rate (PFR) standard deviation (SD) increase by < 0.5 or a decrease in the International Prostatic Symptom Score (I-PSS) of > 10 (22 patients). Poor responders (PR) were defined as having their PFR SD increase by < or = 0.5 and their I-PSS decrease by < or = 10 (10 patients). The prostate volume, pre-TUMT I-PSS and intravesical opening pressure were significantly greater in the GR group, while there were no significant differences between the 2 groups for the other baseline patient characteristics: age, prostate length, PFR, PFR SD, post-voiding residual volume and quality of life. Concerning the operational parameters, significantly more total energy was delivered to the prostate in the GR group (mean 131 kJ) than in the PR group (mean 101 kJ). Moreover, the 7 patients with anti-androgen therapy pre-TUMT received less total energy and 5 of the 7 were poor responders. These results suggest that patients with apparent obstructive symptoms and with moderate enlargement of prostate could benefit more from this less invasive therapy. Clinical response seems to be dose-dependent and patients with a history of recent anti-androgen treatment may have a less favorable response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Allylestrenol↗
PubMed1994

Mucoadhesion of polymer-coated liposomes to rat intestine in vitro.

Multilamellar liposomes consisting of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dicetyl phosphate (DCP) in a molar ratio of 8:2 (DPPC:DCP = 8:2) were coated with three different types of polymers: chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol having a long alkyl chain, and poly(acrylic acid) bearing cholesterols. The existence of polymer layers on the liposome surface was confirmed by measuring the zeta potential of the liposomal particles. The mucoadhesive function of the polymer-coated liposomes was evaluated in vitro using rat intestine. A particle counting method using the Coulter counter was adopted to evaluate the adhesive % of liposomes. Chitosan coated liposomes showed the highest adhesive % among the polymer-coated liposomes tested. No adhesive % was observed for the non-coated liposomes. The adhesion of chitosan-coated liposomes to the intestine wall was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy using pyrene loaded liposomes.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1994

[Cytological diagnosis from random mucosal biopsies using implant technique during operation].

A purpose of mucosal random biopsy of urinary bladder is to get informations about the extent of cancerous lesion and the existence of rest of cancer. For the purpose of determining the care range of the operation and postoperative treatments by getting these informations during the operation, we drew up stamp cytological preparations for mucosal random biopsy of urinary bladder performed during TUR-Bt, and examined potency of application of this method to quick diagnostics. First of all, 15 times of transurethral resections of bladder cancers were performed on 14 cases, and 19 of imprint preparations were made from the excised tumor materials during operation. Then the accuracy rate of the rapid cytology was evaluated based on permanent preparations that were made simultaneously. The accuracy rate of the intraoperative rapid cytology was 84.2%. Next, a similar procedure was performed on 68 materials of random biopsy during the above-mentioned operation. The accuracy rate of imprint cytology was 73.5%. The relatively low accuracy rate of rapid cytology must be attributed to diagnostic difficulty noted when dealing with Papanicoloau class 3. For all above, it was suggested that rapid implant cytology during operation must be applicable to quick diagnostics.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Comparison of treatment results of prostatic cancer between radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy].

Between 1982 and 1990, 55 patients with prostate cancer (clinical stage A2-C) underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy at the Public Toyooka Hospital. The patients were subsequently treated either by radical prostatectomy (36 cases) or external radiation therapy (19 cases). The age of the patients varied from 56 to 85 (Mean 73.1). The outcome of the 46 patients with negative lymph node (prostatectomy 31, radiation 15) were compared. The 10-year disease-specific survival rates were 100% for the patients treated by prostatectomy and 78% for those treated by radiation (P = 0.035). The 5-year progression-free survival rates for the prostatectomy group and radiation group were 97% and 56%, respectively (P = 0.013). Among the radiation groups, patients with well differentiated carcinoma showed a lower progression rate as compared to those with moderately or poorly differentiated carcinoma (5-year progression-free survival, 81 vs 20%, P = 0.094). The outcome of the 9 patients with positive lymph node (prostatectomy 5, radiation 4) was not satisfactory because of the high progression rates in the two groups (5 year progression-free survival, 30% in prostatectomy and 25% in radiation group).

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Prune belly syndrome with atresia ani and urethral stricture: a case report].

A case of prune belly syndrome associated with urethral stricture and atresia ani is reported. Cystostomy and colostomy were performed on his birthday. Cutaneous vesicostomy, bilateral ureterocystoneoplasty and proctoplasty were performed when the patient was one year old, and urethrotomy was performed when he was four years old. He was closely followed for six years and six months, and had developed without any serious episodes. We collected 128 cases of prune belly syndrome from the Japanese literature including this, and made a brief discussion of this syndrome with urethral stricture and atresia ani.

Anal Canal↗