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Biomedical subjects

J Mourot

Publications and source records attributed to J Mourot.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Effects of dietary linoleic acid on lipogenesis enzyme activity in adipose tissue in the pig].

The effect of dietary linoleic acid on lipogenesis was determined on 36 Large White castrated male pigs fed between 35 and 100 kg liveweight diets containing 4% of total lipids including 3 levels of linoleic acid 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%. The elevation in dietary linoleic acid increases the carcass fatness (P < 0.01). At slaughter, linoleic acid content in the backfat increases with the level of dietary linoleic acid (P < 0.001). The lipogenesis measured by the activities of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increases significantly in adipose tissues (backfat and lean fat) with the dietary linoleic supply, whereas no effect was noticed in intramuscular fat. The increase in fat synthesis can explain the higher increase in carcass fatness of pigs fed diets containing high levels of linoleic acid.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1993

Effects of dietary phytosterols on liver lipids and lipid metabolism enzymes.

The effects of dietary phytosterols on lipid metabolism have been assessed through determination of liver lipids (sterols and fatty acids) and lipid metabolism enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in rats fed 12 or 24 mg cholesterol a day and 0-96 mg phytosterols. The results indicate that, provided the dietary phytosterol to cholesterol ratio is at least 1 and in the presence of a dietary cholesterol excess, phytosterols do exert a regulatory role through decreases of both acetyl-CoA carboxylase and malic enzyme activities. A ratio of 2 enhances this effect. At the same time, liver fatty acids and cholesterol contents significantly decrease.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1991

Influence of environmental temperature on growth, muscle and adipose tissue metabolism, and meat quality in swine.

An experiment involving 32 individually housed, castrated male pigs was conducted to determine the effects of environmental temperature (12 degrees C = T12 or 28 degrees C = T28) on the performance, carcass characteristics, muscle and adipose tissue metabolism, and meat quality of pigs fed to achieve equal rates of weight gain between 8 and 92 kg live weight. The T12 pigs had less muscle (P less than .01) and more subcutaneous fat (P less than .01) in the ham than did T28 animals. Thyroids and adrenals were heavier (P less than .01) in T12 than in T28 pigs. Percentage of type I muscle fibers was higher (P less than .01) and fiber cross-sectional areas smaller (P less than .01) in semispinalis muscle (SS) of T12 pigs, whereas no effect of temperature was noticed in longissimus muscle (LD). Cold exposure induced a larger increase in oxidative metabolism in SS (+30 to 32%, P less than .001) than in LD (+14 to 17%, P less than .10) and an enhanced glycolytic metabolism in LD (P less than .05). Lipid concentration was higher in SS of T12 than in that of T28 pigs. Lipogenic enzyme activities and unsaturation of backfat were higher in T12 than in T28 pigs, whereas no effect of temperature was noticed in leaf fat. Cold treatment resulted in a faster postmortem pH decline (P less than .01), higher glycolytic potential (P less than .01), and lower ultimate pH (P less than .01) in LD. The results indicate that 12 degrees C vs 28 degrees C induced detrimental effects on growth, ham composition, and muscle and adipose tissue quality.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1991

Effects of exogenous porcine somatotropin (pST) administration on growth performance, carcass traits, and pork meat quality of Meishan, Pietrain, and crossbred gilts.

Seventeen to twenty-three females of lean (Pietrain, PI), fat (Meishan, MS), or intermediate genotype (PI x [3/4 Large White x 1/4 MS]), referred to as crossbred (CR), were injected between 60 and 100 kg live weight with 6 mg/d of porcine somatotropin (pST) and compared to similar numbers of control females receiving the vehicle only. Average daily gain increased similarly in the three genotypes (125 g/d). Feed conversion ratio tended to decrease to a higher extent in MS (-2.0 kg of feed/kg of gain) than in the other two genotypes (-1.1 and -.9 kg of feed/kg of gain for CR and PI, respectively). A significant genotype x treatment interaction was also observed for backfat thickness (BF) and fat, muscle, and bone development. Effects of pST in PI, CR, and MS pigs were, respectively, -6.2, -9.6, and -16.1 mm for BF and 3.0, 6.8, and 11.8% carcass muscle. The influence of pST on physical measurements of meat quality was rather low, although desirable effects (P less than .05) were obtained on the reflectance and water-holding capacity of PI and CR. Intramuscular fat content was reduced by approximately 1% in MS and CR but not in PI. The metatarsals of pST-treated animals had a higher water content (except in PI), a lower mineralization, and a lower breaking strength (except in MS). The existence of breed variations in the response to pST might result in changes of the relative merit of crossbreeding schemes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Fatty acids of hearts from rats fed linseed or sunflower oil and of cultured cardiomyocytes grown on their sera.

Rats were fed for 6 weeks a diet containing either sunflower oil or linseed oil. In each case, blood serum was subsequently collected and added to two media which were then used to grow cardiomyocytes. Under these conditions, the incorporation of omega 6 and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids shows similar trends in hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes. The content of C22-unsaturated fatty acids was lower in the myocytes than in the hearts but the ratio of acids of the omega 6 series to those of the omega 3 series was similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between the rate of gastric emptying and glucose and insulin responses to starchy foods in young healthy adults.

Twelve young healthy adults (five men, seven women) ingested four test meals on four occasions so we could examine the relationship between the rate of gastric emptying (GE) and the glucose response to different starchy foods. Each meal consisted of one food product containing 50 g starch: spaghetti, rice, French bread, or mashed potato. Basal and postprandial glucose and insulin responses were measured for 3 h. The foods were labeled with 3.7 MBq Tc99m-albumin and GE was studied by scintigraphy for 3 h. The rate of GE (expressed by the GE half-time) was fastest for mashed potatoes, then bread, rice, and slowest for spaghetti. Blood glucose and serum insulin responses were similar. A significant negative correlation was found between the GE half-time and the maximum variation in blood glucose level (r = -0.6, p less than 0.0001). The glucose response to all four foods is strongly related to the GE rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intestinal absorption and fecal excretion of 5,6 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha-cholesta-3 beta-ol by the male Wistar rat.

The intestinal absorption of 5,6 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha-cholesta-3 beta-ol, an oxysterol formed by cholesterol autoxidation, has been evaluated in the male Wistar rat. Measurement of the 14C/3H ratio in the serum (by the method of Zilversmit and Hugues) and in the feces showed that a large proportion of the epoxide was absorbed. Epoxide clearance from the blood was very rapid, but its excretion in the stool continued for several days, corresponding to the fraction of the epoxide stored in the animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Vitamin E and lipoproteins in hyperlipoproteinemia.

The composition of vitamin E in serum and lipoproteins was determined in type I, IIa, IIb, IV and IV hyperlipoproteinemia and in normal subjects. Vitamin E was not specifically associated with any one of the lipoproteins but increased vitamin E levels were observed in VLDL when triacylglycerols level was increased (types IIb and IV); the same observations were noted in LDL when cholesterol level was increased (type IIa).

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1984

[Gas gangrene disclosing colonic cancer. Role of synergistic gangrene].

After reporting a case of synergistic gas gangrene of the retroperitoneum spreading to the thigh, revealing a carcinoma of the descending colon, the authors review the symptomatology and management of synergistic gas gangrene defined as a gas gangrene due to anaerobic non clostridial bacilli, and aerobic flora and emphasize the exceptional nature of its association with a carcinoma of the colon.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Influence of ranitidine during a 24-hour period on the level of nitrites, nitrates, nitrosamines and bacterial flora in the gastric juice of healthy subjects].

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 24 h of ranitidine treatment on gastric bacterial flora and N-nitroso compound formation. Nitrate, nitrite levels, N-nitroso compound concentration were measured and bacterial flora was studied in the fasting and postprandial gastric juice of four healthy men under placebo and ranitidine treatment (150 mg. bid). The pH of seventy-five per cent of the gastric juice samples was over 4 when the patients received their ranitidine treatment. While the mean intragastric concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, N-nitroso compounds and counts of nitrate-reducing organisms were not significantly altered by ranitidine, there was a statistically significant rise in the number of total bacteria. During ranitidine treatment, the nitrite/nitrate ratio was positively correlated with intragastric pH and with the nitrate-reducing organism count of the placebo period. These results suggest that the reduction of nitrate to nitrite required the combination of two factors: a high count of nitrate-reducing organisms before treatment and a high intragastric pH.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Removal and addition of bile in the intestine, and pancreatic colipase activity in the pig: effect of a high-lipid diet.

The aim of the reported study was to investigate the effects of the removal and addition of bile in the intestine on the tissue pancreatic colipase of pigs fed a high-lipid diet (25% peanut oil). Experiments were carried out on fistulated pigs. In one group of animals, bile was removed for 8 days; in a second group an excess of bile was added in the intestine for 8 days. Results were compared to those obtained in pigs in which the collected bile was entirely returned. When bile was removed, the tissue enzyme activities of pancreatic lipase and colipase significantly decreased; the latter increased when bile was added in the intestine of pigs whose enterohepatic cycle was fully maintained.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of bile salt excess in the duodenal lumen on the enzymatic equipment of pancreatic tissue in the pig].

This study reports the effect of long-term (8 days) addition of bile salts in the duodenal lumen of the pig in which the bile enterohepatic cycle was fully maintained. Seventeen pigs were fitted with permanent fistulae in the bile duct and the duodenum. The bile collected in 9 pigs was returned to the intestine, while that of the other 8 pigs was returned after a 30 p. 100 excess in bile salts, supplied by lyophilized porcine bile, had been added. At the end of the 8-day experimental period, the enzymes were determined in the fresh total pancreatic glands of all the pigs. The results showed no significant differences in lipase, colipase, amylase, chymotrypsin or trypsin activities in either group of animals. The existence of an in vivo relationship between bile salts and colipase secretions is hypothesized.

Amylases↗
PubMed1979

[Malignant plasma cell lymphoma of the stomach. Two cases and review of the literature (author's transl)].

Malignant plasma cell lymphomas have rarely been studied in the literature. We report two personal cases, the first survived 9 years, in the second case, histo-immunofluorescence revealed the presence of IgA kappa immunoglobulin. 59 cases have until now been reported to the best of our knowledge. They were reported under the term plasmocytoma. Analysis of data in the literature shows that plamocytomas resemble clinically and in prognosis, non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas, of which Lukes and Lennert have recently given a new classification. Histo-immunofluorescence will permit in the future better understanding of the immunoglobulins secreted. Treatment is not yet standard. Three methods are used, depending on the spread of the tumour (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy).

Female↗