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Biomedical subjects

J S Sim

Publications and source records attributed to J S Sim.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of feeding flax and two types of sunflower seeds on fatty acid compositions of yolk lipid classes.

Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens were fed diets high in oleic, linolenic, or linoleic acid prepared by incorporation of high oleic acid sunflower seed (HOAS), full-fat flax seed (FLAX), or regular high linoleic acid sunflower seed (HLAS), respectively, to investigate the effects of dietary fats on the fatty acid compositions of major lipid classes of chicken eggs. Egg production, Haugh units, specific gravity, and yolk total lipid content were measured. After 3 wk of feeding, the fatty acid compositions of yolk total lipids, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were measured by gas chromatography. Dietary treatments had no effect on egg production, Haugh units, specific gravity, or yolk total lipid content. Feeding HOAS increased yolk oleic acid by 17%, and the change was only in triglycerides. The increases of yolk linoleic and arachidonic acids upon HLAS feeding were distributed evenly among triglycerides and PC, with moderate effect in the PE fraction. The enrichment of linolenic acid in eggs from the FLAX regime was mainly in triglycerides. The longer chain n-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic, dososapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids, were deposited exclusively in phospholipids, particularly in PE. The contents of the longer chain n-3 fatty acids in PE were three to seven times those in PC, indicating a preferential incorporation of these fatty acids into PE.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

Chemical composition of glycosaminoglycan fractions from the comb and wattle of single comb white Leghorn roosters.

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) fractions were isolated from papain digests of comb and wattle tissues of 52-wk-old Single Comb White Leghorn roosters and the chemical composition of each fraction was examined. Total GAG concentrations were greater in the comb than in the wattle tissue with the ratio of hyaluronic acid to sulfated GAG being similar between the two tissues. L-iduronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate was the predominant disaccharide unit in the sulfated GAG fraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of feeding cholesterol to laying hens and chicks on cholesterol metabolism in pre- and posthatch chicks.

Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens that were 60 wk of age were fed wheat and soybean meal diets containing either 0 or 1% cholesterol. Birds were artificially inseminated, and fertilized eggs were collected for incubation after a plateau of egg cholesterol content was reached. Posthatch chicks were raised with starter diets containing either 0 or .5% cholesterol. Samples of developing embryos and posthatch chicks at various stages were prepared for cholesterol analysis. As compared with controls, cholesterol content of eggs from hens fed 1.0% cholesterol diet was increased by approximately 70%. Embryos from the cholesterol-loaded eggs had significantly higher (P less than .05) cholesterol content. The plasma total cholesterol (TC) level in chicks from cholesterol-loaded eggs, when compared with TC in control eggs, was significantly higher at hatching but decreased to the same level by 2 wk after hatching. Cholesterol feeding to newly hatched chicks elevated plasma TC and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The TC contents of liver and heart, but not skeletal muscle, were significantly higher in chicks fed the .5% cholesterol starter diet than those fed the cholesterol-free diet. These results show that cholesterol metabolism in developing embryos and posthatch chicks is influenced by cholesterol in both maternal and chick diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Compositional and digestibility changes in sprouted barley and canola seeds.

Barley and canola seeds were sprouted over a 5 day period, in laboratory conditions under room temperature (22 degrees C) and room lighting. Following initial hydration, seeds were kept moist by wetting the germination trays at 9 a.m., 1 p.m. and 6 p.m. daily. A parallel germination experiment using 200 g quantities of seeds in petri dishes was conducted. Starting from the second day of germination, and every day, dishes of germinating seeds were removed, oven-dried, weighed and milled for proximate and chemical analysis. Seeds from the main germination experiment were fed in a digestibility trial to Wistar rats. Results indicated that sprouting was associated with depletion of many nutrients in both barley and canola, the major losses being in respect of dry matter, gross energy and triglycerides. In barley (but not in canola) sprouting was associated with significant increases in crude fiber and diglyceride content. In canola, there were significant losses in lipid content and increases in phytosterol and phospholipid content. Digestibility data showed an enhancement in digestibility of nutrients in barley but not in canola, implying that sprouting improved nutritional quality of barley but not canola.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Glycosaminoglycans from the rooster comb and wattle.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were isolated from the rooster comb and wattle by digestion with papain and analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and enzymatic digestion. The results indicated that the concentration of GAG uronic acid is approximately two-fold greater (P less than .01) in the comb than in the wattle. In both tissues, hyaluronic acid was the major GAG, with a small proportion of dermatan sulfate.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of dietary erucic acid on the utilization of oils or fats by growing chicks.

Free erucic acid (EA) (C22:1) was blended with Cambra oil (CBO), sunflower oil (SFO), and animal lard (AL) at 45% (w/w). Six experimental diets were formulated to incorporate either CBO, SFO, AL, or EA blended oils (CBO plus EA, SFO plus EA), or fats (AL plus EA) at 8%. The adverse effects of dietary EA blended with various types of oils or fats were studied by feeding 180-day-old White Leghorn cockerels for a 4-week growing period. In general, adverse effects of dietary EA were clearly reflected in feed consumption, chick growth, and apparent digestibility of total lipids as well as individual fatty acids. The AL plus EA produced significantly greater adverse effects than with SFO plus EA. The diet containing CBO (low EA, 5.1% rapeseed oil) depressed chick growth and feed consumption, but no additive effect was manifested when EA was supplemented. The fatty acid profile of dietary SFO appears to counteract the metabolic burden of excess dietary EA. It was concluded that high linoleic acid content in SFO may be the major contributing factor in alleviating the adverse response to EA.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

Influence of dietary oil, cholesterol, and soysterols on the fecal neutral and acidic steroid excretion in laying hens.

The influence of dietary lipid factors (saturated and unsaturated oil, cholesterol, and plant sterols) upon the fecal neutral and acidic sterol excretion in the laying hen were investigated during a nine-week experimental period. Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens at thirty weeks of age were fed two basal diets containing 8.0% hydrogenated coconut oil or safflower oil, with or without supplementing 1.0% cholesterol, 2.0% soysterols, or combination of cholesterol and soysterols with each oil treatment. Feeding safflower oil increased the fecal excretion of bile acids and, to a lesser extent, catabolic neutral sterols as compared to hydrogenated coconut oil. The fecal excretion of sterol metabolites was further enhanced when soysterols and cholesterol were fed simultaneously. When soysterols were fed alone, endogenous cholesterol excretion in feces appeared to increase, but soysterol feeding with cholesterol did not retard the apparent absorption rate of cholesterol.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dietary egg yolk on serum cholesterol levels of White Leghorn cockerels.

Comparative hypercholesterolemic properties of two dietary cholesterol sources, crystalline and egg yolk powder, were investigated by feeding 60 adult White Leghorn male chickens at various levels. High dietary levels of crystalline cholesterol had a significantly greater influence on raising the serum cholesterol concentration than an equal amount of dietary cholesterol fed in the yolk form. No significant effect (P > .01) was observed at the dietary cholesterol level less than .2% irrespective of cholesterol source. The correlation coefficients between dietary and serum cholesterol levels were r = .97 and r = .77 for the crystalline and egg yolk powder cholesterol source, respectively. The regression coefficients indicate that rate of serum cholesterol increase is related to level of cholesterol intake and dietary source. Results show that crystalline cholesterol in the diet produces significantly higher serum cholesterol than dietary egg yolk powder at the same level.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of dietary oil, cholesterol, and soysterols on the lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of egg yolk, liver and serum of laying hens.

Effect of dietary lipid factors (saturated and unsaturated oil, zoo and phytosterols) on the lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of egg yolk, liver and serum of the laying hen were studied. Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens, at 30 weeks of age, were fed two basal diets containing 8.0% hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) or safflower oil (SFO), with or without supplemental cholesterol (1.0%), soysterols (2.0%) or combination of both. When HCO basal diet was fed, both liver weight and lipid content were significantly (P less than .01) increased as compared to hens fed the SFO diet. Cholesterol feeding increased total lipid content in liver and serum, whereas soysterol feeding reduce or diminish lipid accumulation caused by the cholesterol treatment. Both dietary cholesterol and soysterols alter the fatty acid composition of liver, serum and egg yolk lipids by increasing oleic acid and decreasing palmitic and/or stearic acids. These changes were significantly greater upon feeding cholesterol than soysterols. However, the simultaneous feeding of cholesterol with soysterols exerted the least effect on the fatty acid composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparative electrophoretic study of Mallory body and intermediate filament protein.

To investigate the possibility that Mallory bodies (MBs) are composed of intermediate filaments (IFs), the electrophoretic patterns of MB proteins from human liver were compared with the IF protein extracted from chicken gizzard smooth muscle and extracts of mouse liver which contained MBs. The human MB had a protein component which had a similar mobility as that of the IF protein extracted from smooth muscle. A similar protein band was found in the extracts of mouse liver which contained MBs. No protein band corresponding to actin protein was found in human MB protein. The IF-like protein was also present in control mouse liver extract. The estimated molecular weight of the IF protein was 54,000. The evidence suggests that MBs are, in part, composed of IF protein. The IF protein is a normal constituent of liver and smooth muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of dietary factors on serum and egg yolk cholesterol levels of laying hens.

Effects of dietary lipid factors (saturated and unsaturated oil, cholesterol and plant sterols) on the serum and egg yolk cholesterol levels of the laying hen were investigated. Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens, at thirty weeks of age, were used in two trials by feeding two basal diets containing 8.0% hydrogenated coconut oil or safflower oil, with or without supplemental cholesterol (1.0%), soysterols (2.0%) or combinations of both. Safflower oil, per se, had a superior property to hydrogenated coconut oil in suppressing cholesterol levels, in both serum and egg yolk. Cholesterol supplementation to the safflower oil basal diet resulted in a significant (P less than 0.01) elevation of serum and egg yolk cholesterol levels, whereas cholesterol in combination with hydrogenated coconut oil did not change the serum level. Cholesterol lowering effect of soysterols was clearly demonstrated in both serum and egg yolk by feeding soysterols alone as well as by feeding soysterols in combination with cholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mallory bodies compared with microfilament hyperplasia.

The binding characteristics of Mallory bodies (MBs) induced in livers of mice fed a long-term diet of griseofulvin were compared with the hyperplastic microfilaments induced by chronic phalloidin injections and with the MBs derived from livers of alcoholic patients at autopsy. Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, smooth muscle antibody was shown to bind the hyperplastic microfilaments but not the human or mouse MBs. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase was shown to bind the human and mouse MBs but not the hyperplastic microfilaments. The evidence supports the idea that MBs are not composed of microfilaments (actin). The affinity of mouse and human MBs for peroxidase-antiperoxidase suggests that the MBs from these two species are chemically similar.

Actins↗
PubMed1976

Peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex. Binding by Mallory bodies in unfixed tissue.

An antigen-antibody complex of horseradish peroxidase, peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP), was found to selectively bind to Mallory bodies (MBs). Specific PAP binding to MBs was consistently demonstrated in liver sections from 14 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and from one patient with hepatoma. Mallory bodies in isolated fractions also bound PAP. No structures stained with PAP in six control sections. The PAP-binding method is useful in the identification of MBs in situ and in isolated fractions. The nature of the affinity of MBs for PAP is not known, but it is postulated that nonspecific protein-immunoglobulin binding is involved.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helical CT anatomy of pancreatic arteries.

BACKGROUND: To assess the frequency of visualization of pancreatic arteries in the arterial phase of helical computed tomography (CT). METHODS: The visibility of pancreatic and peripancreatic arteries in helical CT images was evaluated in 20 consecutive patients who had no evidence of pancreatic disease. CT examinations were performed by using a continuously rotating CT scanner and intravenous injection of contrast media. The scans were taken 35 s after the start of injection and with a table speed of 3 mm/s. Images were reconstructed in 3-mm section increments. RESULTS: Frequently visualized arteries were the gastroduodenal, anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal, and right gastroepiploic arteries. Infrequently visualized arteries were the dorsal pancreatic, pancreatica magna, caudal pancreatic, transverse pancreatic, and common, anterior, and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. CONCLUSION: Helical CT enabled us to recognize small pancreatic arteries, and the evaluation of these arteries should be considered in the staging of pancreatic carcinoma.

Arteries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interface vessels on color/power Doppler US and MRI: a clue to differentiate subserosal uterine myomas from extrauterine tumors.

PURPOSE: In subserosal myomas, vessels are often demonstrated between the masses and the uterus. This study was performed to assess the usefulness of demonstrating these vessels in differentiating subserosal myomas from extrauterine tumors on color or power Doppler US (CDUS/PDUS) and MRI. METHOD: This retrospective study included 41 patients with subserosal myomas and 27 patients with solid extrauterine tumors. The incidence and shape of these vessels seen on CDUS/PDUS and MRI were compared in the myoma and extrauterine tumor groups. RESULTS: The interface vessels were demonstrated in 39 of 41 subserosal myomas (18 on CDUS/PDUS, 14 on MRI, 7 on both), whereas they were seen in only 3 of 27 extrauterine tumors (1 on CDUS/PDUS, 2 on MRI). These three extrauterine tumors were ovarian malignancies that directly invaded the uterus. The shapes of these interface vessels were 7 intervening, 12 crossing, and 20 mixed in the myoma group, whereas they were mixed in all three extrauterine tumor groups. The sensitivity/specificity of this finding in differentiating subserosal myomas and extrauterine tumors was 100/92%, 91/91%, and 95/89%, respectively, with CDUS/PDUS, MRI, and either CDUS/PDUS or MRI. CONCLUSION: Observation of the interface vessels between the uterus and juxtauterine masses seems to be a useful clue in differentiating subserosal myomas from extrauterine tumors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent uterine cervical carcinoma: spectrum of imaging findings.

Uterine cervical carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring in females. After primary treatment, patients are usually followed up with CT or MRI and the findings of these modalities may be the first sign of recurrent disease. Because earlier additional treatment by chemotherapy or radiation therapy may improve the prognosis, the early detection of recurrent cervical carcinoma is clinically important. In this article, we review the CT and MR imaging findings of recurrent uterine cervical carcinoma, and assign them to one of four groups: a) recurrence at the primary site, involving the intrapelvic organs, b) extension to the pelvic side-wall, c) metastases to pelvic and extrapelvic lymph nodes, or d) metastases to distant organs. A further contribution of CT and MR imaging is the detection of hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction. The cases in each group are illustrated and discussed, and since an awareness of the spectrum of imaging findings of recurrent cervical carcinoma is likely to lead to its early detection, radiologists should be familiar with the information presented.

Adult↗