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Biomedical subjects

L Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to L Pedersen.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Evaluation of a dipstick test for glucose in urine.

As an example of qualitative tests, a dipstick analysis for glucose in urine has been tested for the influence of modifying factors on the test result. Two different types of dipsticks were examined, "Clinistix" and "S-Gluko-test." Used according to manufacturer's instructions, the latter is more sensitive and selective. By multivariance analysis the following variables were examined: urine samples, inter- and intra-analyst, exposure to light, and dipstick batch. The first three contributed significantly to the total variation in results, inter-specimen variation being the most important. With knowledge of the frequency of testing urines with a given glucose concentration and the probability of the result at that concentration, an expression of the probability of the glucose content of a urine sample can be obtained. Even with the tests of the type examined having a sensitivity and specificity exceeding 95%, 14 of 100 patients suspected of having diabetes mellitus on the basis of a dipstick examination will be found to have a urinary glucose concentration of less than 2 mmol/liter. These figures were found when the prevalence of urines with a glucose concentration exceeding 2 mmol/liter was 17.5%.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1976

Bile acids in bile during long-term chenodeoxycholic acid treatment.

Relative concentrations of conjugated and sulfated bile acids in duodenal bile were measured in 5 patients before and during treatment with 0.50-0.75 g of chenodeoxycholic acid per day for 3-4 months. Lithocholic acid constituted 0.8-3.3% (mean 1.8%) of total conjugated and sulfated bile acids before and 0-5.4% (mean 2.6%) during treatment. Lithocholic acid was the predominant bile acid in the sulfate fraction in three patients and chenodeoxycholic acid in two. Sulfated bile acids constituted less than 1% of total bile acids and did not increase during treatment. Ursodeoxycholic acid, the other major metabolite of chenodeoxycholic acid, was found in higher amounts during therapy. The unsaturated bile acid 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-cholenic acid, which was found exclusively as its sulfate ester, showed a slight fall. The average G/T conjugation ratio rose from 2.2 to 4.5.

Bile↗
PubMed1976

The diagnostic value of liver scanning. A retrospective study.

Among 650 consecutive radioisotope liver scans there were selected 180 representing all cases in which a pathoanatomical evaluation of the liver was available. The scanning data, the clinical information, and the pathoanatomical diagnosis were reviewed independently, and the results achieved in each group were classified as evidence of normal liver, focal hepatic disease, or diffuse hepatic disease. Using pathology for verification scanning had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 90% regarding detection of unspecified liver disease, which was significantly better than clinical setting alone. In diffuse hepatic disease scanning had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 81%, whereas in the focal hepatic disease the corresponding figures were 78 and 97%, respectively. Passive hepatic congestion was recognized as a diffuse hepatic disease by scanning, thus representing a source of error in screening for liver disease sensu stricto. It is concluded that scanning, apart from being a rapid and simple procedure without significant inconvenenience to the patient, is a very accurate diagnostic tool that deserves more recognition in clinical departments.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1976

Hepatic morphology and bile acid composition of bile and urine during chenodeoxycholic acid therapy for radiolucent gallstones.

In 9 patients with radiolucent gallstones, percutanous liver biopsy was performed during treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid in a dose of 500 to 750 mg per day for 3-14 months. In 4 patients pretreatment specimens were available for comparison. No sign of hepatic cellular necrosis or bile duct proliferation was noticed in the biopsies. In 2 patients hepatic steatosis was reduced, and in one patient moderate portal tract inflammation decreased during therapy. Mean values of alkaline phosphatases, alanine aminotransferases, prothrombin, and serum lipids remained unchanged and did not exceed normal limits. In 5 patients the urinary bile acid profile was examined during therapy. Chenodeoxycholic acid constituted 27-50%, lithocholic acid 25-63%, and ursodeoxycholic acid 0-13% of total bile acids in urine. The renal excretion of total bile acids was estimated to be less than two mg per day in each patient. From 86 to 100 per cent of the bile acids in urine was sulfated.

Bile↗
PubMed1976

Semiquantitative measurement of lithocholic acid compounds in bile from patients with gallstones, before and during treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid.

A method for two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of unprocessed bile is described. The method gives distinct spots from lithocholic acid and its compounds with glycine, taurine, and sulfuric acid. The size of the spots is estimated by comparison with standard spots, and the concentrations of individual bile acids are expressed as a fraction of the total content of bile acids in the sample. The concentration of total lithocholic acid was found to be 1-3 (mean 1.5) per cent of the total concentration of bile acids in duodenal bile from 14 healthy persons. It was slightly higher in bile from 6 untreated patients with gallstones, and still higher, 3-7 (mean 4.0) per cent, in bile from the same patients during treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid. The difference between the concentrations of total lithocholic acid in the bile samples from healthy persons and from patients treated with chenodeoxycholic acid was statistically significant. Nearly all the lithocholic acid was conjugated with glycine or taurine, and approximately half of it was sulfated. The increase in total lithocholic acid concentration in the bile from patients consisted of glycine conjugates.

Bile↗
PubMed1975

Turnover of plasma cholesterol in patients with cholesterol gallstones.

Following the i.v. injection of about 30 muCi of 1-alpha-2-alpha-3H-cholesterol, the specific activity decay of plasma cholesterol has been analysed in terms of a 2-pool model in eight patients with radiolucent gallstones and two healthy controls. In each subject some kinetic parameters were calculated, including the input into and the size of the rapidly exchangeable cholesterol pool. The results were compared with those in 16 controls from another study. Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate significant differences in any of the parameters between the gallstone patients and the combined controls, indicating that patients with cholesterol gallstones have normal input into and size of the rapidly exchangeable cholesterol mass. The conclusion is discussed in relation to similar studies, and it is speculated that gallstone patients may have decreased absorption of exogenous cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Biliary lipids during vitamin C feeding in healthy persons.

Inspired by the hypothesis that vitamin C controls the transformation of cholesterol into bile acids, the biliary lipid composition was examined in 10 healthy persons before and after 7 to 15 days' treatment with alrge doses of ascorbic acid. No significant difference between the values before and after treatment were found. It is stressed that the study does not allow evaluation of the hypothesis, but it may be concluded that vitamin C most likely has no place in the medical treatment of cholesterol gallstones.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1975

Kinetics and pool size of chenodeoxycholic acid in cholesterol gallstone patients.

The pool size, half life, and daily production rate of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was determined by the isotope dilution method upon intravenous injections of about 10 muCI OF 24-14C-CDCA in 7 patients with radiolucent gallstones in functioning gallbladders, and 9 healthy controls. Bile was obtained by duodenal intubation. The method also allowed measurement of the CDCA percentage of total bile acids (TBA) and an indirect calculation of the TBA pool size. The pool size and daily production rate of CDCA were slightly, but not significantly, diminished in the gallstone patients. The half life of CDCA was almost equal in the 2 groups. The CDCA percentage of TBA was significantly higher in the gallstone patients (0.02 less than P less than 0.05), and the TBA pool size was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) in the gallstone patients. It is concluded that the CDCA metabolism is similar to that of cholic acid in gallstone patients. Thus the formation of gallstones is hardly due to specific alterations in CDCA metabolism, suspected on account of the specific cholelitholytic effect of CDCA ingestion. The significance of increased CDCA percentage in bile is discussed in relation to the results from other study groups, and it is pointed out that a relative increase in the bile content of dihydroxy bile acids may lead to reduced cholesterol holding capacity of bile, and thus favor the formation of gallstones.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allopurinol: a comparative study of the bioavailability and effect on plasma uric acid of two products in tablet form.

A comparative bioavailability study was carried out with two allopurinol products, i.e. Allopurinol tablets 100 mg, DAK, and Apurin tablets 100 mg, Gea. Eleven healthy volunteers participated and were given a single dose of 200 mg of each product according to the cross-over principle. The bioavailability was evaluated with respect to the maximum plasma concentration, the peak time, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve for allopurinol and the major metabolite oxipurinol. The elimination half-life of oxipurinol was also estimated. None of the parameters showed statistically significant differences (p greater than 0.10) between the two products. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamic effect of the two products was examined with respect to the reduction of plasma uric acid within 24 hours after administration of 200 mg allopurinol. The two products did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.10) in this respect. It is concluded that the two tablet products are bioequivalent.

Administration, Oral↗