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Biomedical subjects

M Tichý

Publications and source records attributed to M Tichý.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The importance of detection of antigliadin antibodies in the diagnosis and therapy of celiac disease in children].

The authors describe the method of assessment of antigliadin antibodies class IgA and IgG by the ELISA method. In a group of children with untreated coeliac disease the antigliadin antibodies were elevated in 91.6%, in a group of children with coeliac disease after exposure to gluten in 87.8%, in children on a gluten-free regime in 48.5%. The dynamics of antigliadin antibodies in the course of the first year are presented--their decline in serum of children suffering from acute coeliac disease after elimination of gluten and conversely their rise after discontinuation of the gluten-free diet in children previously treated for prolonged periods. The sensitivity of the assessment is 91.6% and the specificity 90.6%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The study of exposure to cadmium in the general population. II. Morbidity studies.

An epidemiological study was performed to assess whether environmental pollution by cadmium as found in cadmium polluted areas of CSFR (Pribram and Frýdek-Mistek) is associated with changes in biological indicators of renal dysfunction in non-occupationally exposed population groups. Polluted areas were chosen on the basis of existing sources of Cd emission. The city of Prague was selected as a control area. Environmental monitoring (Cd in air, dust fall and soil) did not confirm significant contamination of selected areas. It was found that Cd levels in urine (Cd-U) of inhabitants living in areas chosen as Cd-contaminated were significantly higher than in the control area. Differences in concentrations of Cd in blood (Cd-B) levels between individual areas were not significant. No significant differences between the study populations were noted in the urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins (beta 2-microglobulin, retinol binding protein) and albuminuria. However, total proteinuria and aminoaciduria in persons living in Pribram area was significantly higher. This area suffers from combined contamination by cadmium and lead. In smokers of both sexes the Cd-B levels were significantly higher in all areas, no significant differences were found in Cd-U levels. However, it was found that in smokers there is higher percentage of persons excreting more than 0.9 micrograms Cd.g-1 creatinine in urine. Consumption of home-grown vegetable and fruit in Cd-polluted areas led to significantly higher levels of Cd-B and Cd-U and total proteinuria. The results of the study show that smoking and food seem to be the most important sources of Cd intake in non-occupationally exposed populations. In spite of the fact that environmental monitoring does not reveal a significant contamination of selected areas by Cd, Cd-U levels confirmed that population living in these areas is really exposed to Cd.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1992

[Professor Antonín Spilka in the history of the Comenius University Medical School in Bratislava].

Professor MUDr. Antonín Spilka was one of the outstanding personalities of the Medical Faculty of Comenius University in Bratislava in the first years of its existence. He was among the first Czech medical doctors who came to Bratislava and was among the last ones to leave it. In 1919 he was substantially involved in the establishment of the Institute of Morbid Anatomy and he was its Head till 1926. In the period from 1927 to 1938 he was Head of the Institute of Medical History, Philosophy, and Hodogetics. Prof. Spilka was first Deputy Dean then he became Dean of the Faculty and over many years he was actively engaged and held various academic positions in different faculty and university institutions. Stricken by a severe disease in 1926, he nevertheless remained active focusing his interest on history of medicine and health care and end medical ethics.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1992

[The activities of Professor Alojz Chura at the Comenius University Medical School in Bratislava].

One of the most outstanding personalities of Slovak nationality acting at the Medical Faculty of Comenius University in the first two decades of its existence was Prof. MUDr. Alojz Chura. He was among the first students of the Faculty and was then its active member until 1945. The aim of the present study was to contribute to a better understanding and unbiased evaluation of the importance and impact of the activities of this remarkable personality of Slovak pediatrics. In 1925 MUDr. Chura started to work at the Teaching Hospital of Pediatrics and in 1945 he was forced to leave both his position of Director of the Hospital and that of Full Professor of Pediatrics. As Director he had succeeded Prof. Brdlík who on leaving for Prague had suggested Prof. Chura for this responsible position. The contribution of Prof. Chura to the development of pediatrics in Slovakia was exceptional. His extensive sociological study "Slovakia without the Young Generation" laid the basis of social pediatrics in Slovakia. The Teaching Hospital of Pediatrics experienced considerable development under his guidance and that in all its areas of activity, i.e. teaching, prevention, therapy, and research. Besides his manifold activities at the Hospital and Medical Faculty, Prof. Chura was involved in many pursuits, particularly those which were related to the car of the youngest generation. He was Chairman of the Association of Pediatricians in Slovakia for many years. The study analyzes also the Memorandum issued in 1935 which is an important document of the actual social and health conditions in the Slovak country.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1992

[Langerhans-cell histiocytosis in children].

Histiocytosis from Langerhans cells is a new term for a group of diseases formerly called histiocytosis X. In The Faculty Hospital Motol the authors treated between July 1974 and December 1980 84 children with this disease. Twenty one suffered from the malignant form (formerly Letterer-Siwe and Hand-Schüller-Christian disease) and in 63 patients the diagnosis of eosinophil granuloma was established. In 21 children with unequivocally malignant disease the authors started chemotherapy immediately after establishment of the diagnosis and in six they indicated in addition radiotherapy. Of these 21 children 16 are in complete remission and 5 children died from progression of the disease during treatment. In the group of 63 children with eosinophil granuloma in 44 only excochleation of the focus was performed. Chemotherapy was administered to 12 children, incl. 5 where it was combined with radiotherapy. A relapse of the disease was recorded in 8 children. At present all patients suffering from the disease are in complete remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Selective monocellular necrosis of Hodgkin's/Reed-Sternberg cells and their immunoreactivity to human serum antinuclear antibodies in NS- and MC-types of malignant lymphogranuloma.

The selective (apoptotic) necrosis of Hodgkin's cells in malignant lymphogranuloma appears to be etiologically quite different from focal one due to ischemic-vascular causes. The morphology and supposed etiopathogenesis of this cellular lesion, as well as the karyoclastic process-presumably apoptotic in nature-are briefly described and considered as a mechanism leading to cellular regression with subsequent destructuralization and release of DNA-reactive nucleoprotein material in form of free hematoxylin bodies. An original observation of the immunoreactivity of Hodgkin's cells with antinuclear antibodies of human serum in a case of collagenosis is also described.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Expression of the blood group antigens A and B in carcinoma of the urinary bladder].

In 21 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder expression of A and B blood group antigens was studied by means of monoclonal antibodies on using indirect immunoperoxide reaction. Expression of the investigated antigens was found to be dependent on the degree of histological differentiation of the tumor tissue. In well-defined carcinomas mostly pronounced expression of A and B blood group antigens was observed. Middle and low-differentiated carcinomas were characterized by reduction or even total deletion of expression. The expected favorable prognosis in transitional cell carcinomas expressing A and B blood group antigens failed to be confirmed. The expression of incompatible A-like antigens in 0 and B blood group patients with carcinoma is discussed. (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 22.).

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1992

[Professor Frantisek Svec and his activities at the Comenius University Medical School 1925-1948].

In the second and third decade of the history of the Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, the outstanding personality of Prof. MUDr. Frantisek Svec deserves great recognition. The best years of his productive life were devoted to studies in the field of pharmacology. He worked at the Institute of Pharmacology and Pharmacognostics and was appointed Associate Professor in pharmacology and pharmacognostics in 1937 and Full Professor in 1939 when he became also Head of the Institute. In his teaching commitments executed over long years, he achieved excellent results. Equally outstanding were his scientific achievements. He ranked among the first internationally recognized scientists. His research work was focused on experimental pharmacology and pharmacochemistry, particularly on digitalis cardiotonics. He devoted much of his time to his students, holding different positions, as e.g. chairing the Student Health Institute for a whole decade. In the school year of 1947/1948 he was appointed Dean of the Medical School, Comenius University. After February 1948 he was among the first faculty members who had to experience the injustice and oppression of the totalitarian regime. He was not only divested of his position as dean of the Faculty but he also had to leave the Medical School.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1991

QSAR approach to target organ estimation.

This paper summarizes attempts to apply QSAR analysis to the prediction of the distribution of xenobiotics and the target organ. Biosolubility is a property of xenobiotics which plays a dominant role in transport kinetics and distribution in the body. Biosolubility is related to tissue-gas partition coefficients and can be estimated from oil-gas and water-gas partition coefficients. The biosolubility ratios in individual tissues determine the distribution pattern of xenobiotics in the body. The tissue with the highest probability of being reached by a xenobiotic is a candidate target tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

QSAR approach to estimation of the distribution of xenobiotics and the target organ in the body.

QSAR analysis is one of the methods of predicting toxicity and it is also used in theoretical studies. This study is devoted to transport and distribution processes in the body. The use of QSAR analysis for predicting tissue-gas and tissue-tissue partition coefficients (biosolubility and tissue selectivity) was demonstrated. The estimation is carried out by a series of correlation equations for individual tissues /1/ using oil-gas and water-gas partition coefficients. Biosolubilities are used mostly in physiologically-based simulation models for predicting the distribution of xenobiotics among body tissues and liquids. Tissue selectivities can be used for estimating a target site of a xenobiotic which is not necessarily a critical site. Estimates obtained for some halogenated hydrocarbons were compared with estimates calculated using Paterson's and Mackay's /2/ data and with experimentally obtained biosolubilities. The estimates generated by the QSAR approach differed from the experimental values by not more than 50%, which represents a reasonable performance.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

[Colicinogeny in nonspecific intestinal inflammations and colorectal cancer].

Colicins are proteinaceous substances produced by Escherichia coli strains and related bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family. They are considered to be an important factor in preserving the balance of the intestinal microflora. Their antibiotic action on susceptible bacteria is supplemented with cytotoxicity for several pro- and eukaryotic cells. The large bowel is a natural site of their action. Besides of enhancing oxidoreductive activity of leukocytes in vitro, colicins are also believed to influence inflammatory reaction in vivo. For these reasons, the first part of the present work was concerned with studying colicinogeny in nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). No significant difference has been found out in colicinogeny between a total of 93 IBD-related and 160 healthy controls. In testing leukocyte migration inhibition, colicins of autologous E. coli were used as antigens. The migration index out of normal range showed 36% patients with ulcerative colitis (5/14), 80% patients with Crohn's disease (12/15), and only one clinically healthy control subject (1/16; 6%). The obtained results are considered to be proof of cellular hypersensitivity of IBD patients to colicins of their own E. coli strains. In several colicins the antitumorous effect has been reported in both the in vitro and in vivo experimentation. The second part of this work was concerned with colicinogeny in colorectal cancer. Colicinogenic E. coli were evidenced in 42 subjects (40%) from 105 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Controls showed colicinogenic E. coli in 102/160 clinically healthy subjects (64%), and the difference was as significant as p less than 0.05. In colorectal cancer group, the subjects with proved colicinogeny showed lesser amounts of colicinogenic E. coli strains in contrast with non-colicinogenic ones. In colorectal cancer patients with colicinogenic E. coli strains, B and M colicins were of most frequent occurrence in them no antitumorous effect has been experimentally stated. If changes of colicinogeny were only either the manifestation or consequence of tumor disease, so both the presence or absence of colicinogenic E. coli would have been dependent of clinical patients's condition, stage of disease (in accord with Dukes) or correlated with the tumor markers. For these accounts, a total of 28 colorectal cancer patients underwent a colicinogenic study. However, no colicinogeny dependence was evidenced of either clinical condition or Dukes stage, showing no correlation with any of cancer markers investigated (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9, alfa-1-fetoprotein, alfa-1-orosomucoid, Cancer serum index, sialic acid, lysozyme).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Histochemistry of mucosubstances in the diffuse and intestinal types of gastric cancer.

Histochemical properties of the mucus were studied in 48 diffuse types and 46 intestinal types of gastric carcinoma. Diffuse type was characterized by the prevalence of intracellular secretion of mucopolysaccharides with a significant involvement of sulfated ones. In the intestinal type, extracellular secretion predominated with the occurrence of pure acid mucopolysaccharides and a smaller portion of sulfated ones. The secretion of pure neutral mucopolysaccharides was minimal in both types of gastric cancer. In the intestinal type carcinomas, incomplete intestinal type IIb metaplasia was frequently found in marginal areas of the tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Blood group H antigen in transitional carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

A total of 21 transitional carcinomas of the urinary bladder were examined by the method of indirect immunoperoxidase reaction using anti-H monoclonal antibody. Expression of blood group H antigen was detected in ten cases but no association with the grade of differentiation of the tumor tissue was established. The prognosis of carcinomas expressing blood group H antigen is not more favorable than that of carcinomas with absent expression.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

[The character of Dr.Vilém Hons. Facts and thoughts on the occasion of a 100 year anniversary].

In the history of the Medical Faculty of the Comenius University in Bratislava there are two personalities with great merits as regards the foundation and development of the Physiology department, both pupils of professor Mares--prof. MUDr. A. Hanák and prof. MUDr. V. Hons. Professor Hons to whom this article is devoted worked in Bratislava from 1930 to 1939. He influenced in an important way the development of the Institute of Physiology in the second decade of its existence and made significant advances in the field of teaching and research. As dean of the medical faculty in 1936-37 and assistant dean in 1937-38 he helped the Faculty to resolve some complicated problems; he opposed the pressure of the undemocratic forces and established and reinforced his relations with students in particular their most important organization--The Society of Czechoslovak Medical Students.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1991

[Expression of A,B and H blood group antigens in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder].

Expression of blood group antigens A, B, and H was studied in transitional carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Positive result was obtained in 16 cases of a group of 21 tumours by indirect immunoperoxidase reaction with monoclonal antibodies. A relation of quantitative expression to histological grading of tumour differentiation was noticed. Well differentiated transitional carcinomas mostly had more conspicuous expression of A, B, and H antigens. However, expected more favourable prognosis in cases of transitional carcinoma with expression of A, B, and H blood group antigens failed to be proved.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

[The significance of changes in fibrinogen levels during thrombolytic therapy in myocardial infarct].

The submitted work was concerned with two problems: a) investigation of the dynamics of changes of the fibrinogen and fibrin breakdown products after a single dose of streptokinase, b) evaluation of the effectiveness of thrombolysis from changes in the fibrinogen concentration. Two groups of patients were examined with the Q form of acute myocardial infarction who were treated at an intensive care unit. The first group comprised 62 patients (mean age 56.3 years) who were given 1 million units of streptokinase by the i.v. route. The second group comprised 52 patients who were given 1.5 million units of streptokinase. The authors investigated the fibrinogen plasma concentration and the fibrin breakdown product concentration in serum after 3-hour intervals. Concurrently they examined the creatine kinase curve. They proved a significant increase of the fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products before thrombolysis (p less than 0.001). The fibrinogen concentration declined in both groups highly significantly with a maximum after 12 hours. The fibrinogen level reached normal levels in both groups after cca 24 hours. Patients with a high initial fibrinogen level (above 5 g/l) did not attain hypofibrinogenic values during thrombolysis. This phenomenon did not depend on the size of the streptokinase dose. The decline of fibrin breakdown products in both groups declined to baseline values within 24 hours. The authors confirmed that the effectiveness of thrombolysis is influenced among others also by the residual fibrinogen value.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[Long-term study of diffuse connective tissue disease after methylprednisolone pulsed therapy].

Pulsed i.v. treatment with methylprednisolone (MP) infusions à 1 g 3-5 times on alternate days was administered in 22 diffuse connective tissue diseases: 13X systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1X Sharp's syndrome and 8X polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM). In all instances active disease was involved with serious organ manifestations; 17 patients had no aimed treatment so far, in 5 previous treatment had failed. A total of 101 pulsed MP was administered. Initial MP treatment was always successful. The patients were then followed up during oral maintenance treatment for 3-60 months (mean 27 months) in a stage of persistent, inconstant or partial remission. In six patients treatment was repeated 8X after reactivation. The response was always favourable and did not differ from that to initial MP treatment, except for one female patient who died from progression of PM/DM (one female patient died from the sequels of oncological disease associated with SLE).

Adolescent↗