Evidence that cyclophosphamide is a strong inhibitor of human B cell proliferation.
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B-Lymphocytes↗
Biomedical subjects
M Wasik
Publications and source records attributed to M Wasik.
Natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with various forms of systemic scleroderma.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 63 patients with systemic scleroderma, including incipient or prodromal acrosclerosis, and from 20 healthy individuals were tested for natural killer (NK) cell activity and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in a 4 h 51Cr release assay using K562 and L1210 cell lines respectively. In patients with systemic scleroderma natural killer cell activity was significantly decreased compared with the controls. NK cell activity was markedly lowered in patients with diffuse scleroderma and in transitional form acrosclerosis-diffuse scleroderma, and was normal in cases of acrosclerosis and/or CREST syndrome and in cases of prodromal or incipient scleroderma. Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells from the systemic scleroderma patients was within the normal range. The lowered natural killer cell activity correlated with the severity of systemic scleroderma, in terms of the extent of skin and organ involvement.
Adult↗
Natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with various forms of lupus erythematosus.
Natural killer (NK) cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 28 patients with cutaneous discoid lupus erythematosus, seven with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and 17 with systemic lupus erythematosus was studied using a 4 h 51Cr release assay using K-562 cells as target cells. NK cell activity was found to be markedly decreased not only in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus but also in a proportion of cases of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and cutaneous discoid lupus erythematosus (57% and 39% respectively). There was a relationship between the activity and severity of LE and the decrease in NK cell activity.
Adult↗
B cell dysfunction in renal allograft recipients.
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Azathioprine↗
S. aureus-induced B cell proliferation as a model for studying the effectiveness of immunosuppressive agents.
S. aureus Cowan-induced proliferation of human T lymphocytes was used as a model for evaluating the activity of most common immunosuppressants (steroids, cyclosporine and azathioprine). Methylprednisolone was found to be the most efficient steroid, followed by hydrocortisone and dexamethasone. Cyclosporine (CsA) was a potent inhibitor acting early after B cell stimulation. Azathioprine was found to have low effect on B cell activation.
Azathioprine↗
Defective natural-killer- and killer-cell activity associated with increased polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence in psoriasis.
Patients (n = 45) with psoriasis vulgaris were studied for natural killer (NK) cell activity and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells against K-562 and L1210 target cells, respectively. Simultaneously, the studies were performed on the adherence to human endothelium of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from various forms of the disease. Mean values of NK-cell activity in psoriasis vulgaris, as a whole, and mean values of ADCC in male patients were significantly lower than in a group of healthy controls. This decrease was most pronounced in patients with the active form of the disease, in whom in vitro PMN adherence to human endothelium was found to be increased. Neutrophils from both patients with active psoriasis and healthy individuals were capable of reducing NK-cell activity of normal human mononuclear cells.
Adolescent↗
Partial defects of cell-mediated immunity in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.
Different parameters of cell-mediated immunity, including natural cytotoxic reactions, were studied in nine patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis with or without cutaneous malignancy. We found decreased total number of T lymphocytes and T-helper cells in peripheral blood of the patients, and normal T-suppressor cell number, as detected by monoclonal antibody typing and functional E-rosette test with the use of theophylline. This decrease was found both in active and in late rosette-forming cell subpopulations. Natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found to be increased in four of nine patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, whereas antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was within the normal range in all patients studied. Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis assay, which is a sensitive test for the estimation of the immunocompetence of lymphoid cells, revealed increased angiogenic capability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the majority of the patients. Our results suggest that cellular defects in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis did not relate to all functions of the immune system.
Adult↗
Enzyme immunoassay with cell suspensions: studies on reactions between serum antibodies and cell-surface antigens.
The following reactions of serum antibodies with cell surface antigens were studied by means of an enzyme immunoassay with cell suspensions: Rh antiserum with human red blood cells; H-2 antisera with murine red blood cells; H-2 antisera with murine thymocytes and hepatocytes; Thy-1 antiserum with murine thymocytes; polyvalent and monovalent HLA alloantisera with human leukocytes and human mononuclear cells, and antisera of murine origin with human and marmoset lymphoid cell lines. In all instances, with the exception of monovalent HLA antisera, the assay proved to be a sensitive and highly specific procedure.
Animals↗
Studies on in vitro production of Paul-Bunnell antibodies.
Two cell lines secreting Paul-Bunnell antibodies were established by means of Epstein-Barr virus-induced immortalization of B lymphocytes from patients with infectious mononucleosis. Progressive loss of antibody production, most probably due to a shutdown of antibody secretion by individual cells was, however, observed. The first of the established cell lines lost its secretion ability after 10 weeks, and the second after 33 weeks of culture. Further improvements of the technique are necessary to stabilize the antibody secretion.
Animals↗
Reactions of infectious mononucleosis sera with glutaraldehyde-treated human erythrocytes.
Infectious mononucleosis sera gave positive results in enzymoimmunoassay with glutaraldehyde-treated human erythrocytes. This unexpected reaction appeared to be caused by the interaction of Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antibodies with a partial P-B antigen that apparently appears on human red blood cells in a hidden form and becomes exposed by the treatment with glutaraldehyde.
Aldehydes↗
The comparison of susceptibility of two target cells (HuRBC and L1210) to antibody dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity.
Antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity was compared in two test procedures. Human erythrocytes (group O R1R1 or R2R2) and mouse lymphoma cells (line L1210) were used as target cells. Anti-Rh (anti-C + D) serum obtained from a hyperimmunized blood donor and serum obtained from rabbit immunized with L1210 cells were used as the source of antibody specific for target cells. In both tests, lymphocytes (PBL) or mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from heparinized or defibrinated blood were used as effectors. In both tests comparable results were obtained.
Animals↗
The MLC response of patients with infectious mononucleosis to Epstein-Barr virus-transformed cells.
Lymphocytes of 6 patients with infectious mononucleosis were found to be capable of responding in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)--transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and Raji cells, whereas their response to PWM-induced blasts and non-T cells was significantly depressed. This means that despite the suppression of cellular reactivity, observed in infectious mononucleosis, the specific response to EBV-infected cells remains unaffected.
Antigens, Viral↗
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) as stimulating cells in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC).
The MLC response of normal lymphocytes to different kinds of EBV-transformed LCL was investigated. The response to allogeneic LCL cells remarkably exceeded the response to xenogeneic and autologous LCL cells. Stimulation performed with EBV-transformed and normal cells obtained from the same donors showed a correlation in the reaction levels (Q = 0.434). This incomplete correlation was not improved by the reduction of the number of stimulating LCL cells. In MLC stimulated with LCL no statistically significant differences between responses to 2,1 or alloantigens were found.
Cell Line↗
The comparison of antibody-dependent (ADCC) and lectin-induced (LICC) cytotoxic activities of human blood lymphocytes in healthy and diseased subjects.
Antibody-dependent and PHA-induced cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy human subjects and in patients with primary glomerulopathies (non-treated and on immunosuppressive treatment) as well as hemodialyzed and transplanted patients were investigated. Heavy disorders of ADCC and LICC activity in the groups of uremic patients and in patients on immunosuppressive therapy were found. Higher sensitivity to immunosuppressive treatment demonstrated that the lymphocytes exerted an antibody-dependent rather than a PHA-induced cytotoxicity. Results presented suggested the participation of two different lymphocyte subpopulations with ADCC and LICC activity in the regulatory and pathological processes.
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
Diagnostic and prognostic value of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity tests for renal graft rejection.
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from both normal subjects and kidney allograft recipients, before and on the 4th to 5th days after transplantation, were examined for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity (LICC). The graft recipients were treated with standard immunosuppression, which included azathioprine and prednisolone. 51Cr-labeled L1210 cells were used as targets for these two tests. ADCC and LICC activity were evaluated in the presence of rabbit anti-L1210 anti-serum and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), respectively. Comparison of the results obtained from healthy subjects with those of patients before grafting showed a significantly higher LICC activity in the latter group. The ADCC activity did not differ between the groups of healthy females and those awaiting transplantation but it was significantly decreased in the group of males awaiting transplantation as compared to healthy males. Four to 5 days after transplantation, the activity of ADCC and LICC remained unchanged in spite of the immunosuppressive treatment in 37 and 61% of the patients studied, respectively. In most of the patients, high ADCC and/or LIcC activity was followed by an accelerated acute rejection episode. A correlation between the ADCC and LICC activities, measured 4 to 5 days after transplantation, and the time of the first rejection episode was found. We conclude that double screening with ADCC and LICC tests in the 1st week after transplantation is valuable.
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
The effect of ampicillin on antibody dependent (ADCC) and lectin induced (LICC) cellular cytotoxicity.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, preincubated in ampicillin-containing media, exhibited a markedly decreased antibody-dependent (ADCC) and lectin-induced (LICC) cellular cytotoxicity against L1210 target cells in 9 out of 20 and 7 out of 13 donors, respectively. Additional experiments revealed that ampicillin effect on ADCC is based upon the blocking of the Fcgamma receptor resynthesis, in the case of their damage occurring in the process of cell separation.
Ampicillin↗
Immunosuppressive effect of concanavalin A. IV. The effect of Con A on the local graft versus host (GvH) reaction in the mouse popliteal lymph node.
In the applied parental F1 hybrid system, the GvH character of the regional lymph node reaction was checked against syngeneic and the absolute control systems. It was found that a cortical B-cell zone of the recipients did not participate in the acute phase of the GvH reaction. Cytologically, the GvH response consisted in a significant increase in large pyroninophilic cells, histologically - in a cellular proliferation and pyroninophilia, as well as in a marked angiogenesis beyond the cortical zone of the lymph node. The injection of Con A into the F1 hybrid mice, 24 hours before the administration of the parental cells, inhibited the earlier (presumably donor origin) cellular reaction and intensified the later (presumably host origin) response.
Animals↗
Immunosuppressive effect of concanavalin-A. I. Suppression of generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in MLC.
The effect of Con-A on the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) in one way MLC was studied using mouse model. Mitogenic doses of Con-A substantially inhibited primary and secondary CL responses. Spleen cells after in vivo activation by Con-A revealed complete lack of ability to respond in allogeneic MLC. When such cells were added to normal responding cells, even at low proportion, CL generation in primary MLC was also diminished. These observations support the hypothesis that immunosuppressive effect of Con-A is exerted by stimulation of suppressor cells.
Animals↗