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Biomedical subjects

N L Baenziger

Publications and source records attributed to N L Baenziger.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

Diversity of B2 bradykinin receptors with nanomolar affinity expressed in passaged IMR90 human lung fibroblasts.

IMR90 human fetal lung fibroblasts express bradykinin receptors activating the pathway for biosynthesis of PGE2. A receptor of the B2 subtype stimulates half-maximal PGE2 production at 4.8 nM bradykinin, and maximal output takes place at 25 nM bradykinin. Radioligand binding studies reveal a population of [3H]bradykinin binding sites whose affinity correlates with this B2 receptor's biologic activity, with a KD of 2.5 nM. As IMR90 cells reach 60% of their defined life span in culture, they spontaneously induce expression of a second site of lower affinity, with half-maximal binding of [3H]bradykinin at 44 nM. This second site displays a characteristic primary B2 receptor recognition profile, but differs from the 2.5 nM site on a secondary level in recognition among different B2 ligands. Bradykinin is the most potent ligand at both sites; they each preferentially recognize an N-terminal extended bradykinin peptide construct having selectivity for the rat myometrial B2 receptor, suggesting that both sites have structural features in common. However, they display diversity in their order of preference for Met-Lys-bradykinin versus Lys-Lys-bradykinin; at the 44 nM site this order is completely reversed from the order of potency exhibited at the 2.5 nM site. Expression of the second site changes the manner in which these fibroblasts control their PGE2 production; it affords a graded response of PGE2 production at bradykinin levels beyond those which would normally saturate the 2.5 nM site. The inducibility of the 44 nM site in cultured fibroblasts addresses in vivo conditions in an inflammatory environment where continuing generation of bradykinin-related peptides takes place and presents a possible mechanism for overriding constraints that would otherwise limit the progression of inflammation.

Amino Acid Sequence

Sensitivity of fatty acid cyclooxygenase from human aorta to acetylation by aspirin.

The rate of acetylation of fatty acid cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin synthase, EC 1.14.99.1) by [acetyl-3H]-aspirin was measured in microsomes from human aortas and coronary arteries and intact and disrupted human platelets. We also measured the inhibition by aspirin of prostacyclin generation from exogenous arachidonic acid in shredded human aorta. Cyclooxygenase in human aorta and coronary artery microsomes is approximately 1/250th as sensitive to aspirin as enzyme in intact platelets, and 1/60th as sensitive to aspirin as enzyme measured in a platelet microsomal preparation. On the basis of the in vitro data presented, we predict that small oral doses of aspirin are sufficient to inhibit platelet prostaglandin production but are not sufficient to substantially affect aorta or coronary artery prostaglandin production.

Acylation

Platelet release reaction and intracellular cGMP.

Enchanced cAMP concentrations inhibit the aggregation and release reaction of isolated human platelets and platelet-rich plasma to all known inducing agents. An opposing role for cGMP in this phenomenon has been proposed by some but not by others, and the function of cGMP in this secretory process is unclear. To further elucidate the role of cGMP in the release reaction, the effect of increased concentrations of this cyclic nucleotide on 14C-serotonin release was evaluated utilizing isolated human platelets and highly purified human thrombin or commercially available bovine thrombin. Several recently described stimulators of guanylate cyclase, including sodium nitroprusside, sodium azide, nitrosoquanidines, and ascorbic acid, were found to markedly augment platelet cGMP levels. Enhanced platelet cGMP concentrations produced by these drugs or by the exogenous addition of cGMP and its analogues neither caused these cells to secrete nor modulated the thrombin-induced serotonin release reaction. The inhibition of serotonin release by increased cAMP concentrations was not counteracted by increased cGMP levels. Platelet cGMP concentrations were unaltered by thrombin. These data indicate that cGMP is not an obligatory signal or a modulator of the thrombin-induced platelet release reaction.

Ascorbic Acid

Reverse transcriptase associated with A-type particles from murine myeloma cells.

Our findings may be summarized as follows: (a) a DNA polymerase is associated with murine type A particles, which is very similar to the reverse transcriptases found in true RNA tumor viruses; (b) the majority of the RNA isolated from A particles is of low molecular weight (probably due to degradation), byt appears to contain an amount of unique sequence information comparable to that found in other oncornavirus particles. These results suggest that A-type particles may be very similar, and perhaps related, to the two other classes (B and C) of oncornaviruses.

Base Sequence

Characterization of DNA polymerase and RNA associated with A-type particles from murine myeloma cells.

The RNA-dependent DNA polymerase present in intracisternal A-type particles from mouse myeloma tumor cells has been studied. This polymerase can use either endogenous A particle RNA or an exogenous synthetic polynucleotide [poly (rA)] as a template. The DNA reaction product is small (4S-10S) and over 90% of it hybridizes to A particle RNA, whereas up to 50% of it hybridizes to murine sarcoma-leukemia virus RNAs. The RNA isolated from purified A particles is generally of low molecular weight (5S-15S) but contains small amount of 70S and 35S components. These results suggest that A-type particles may be related to C-type oncornaviruses.

Animals