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Biomedical subjects

R Aggarwal

Publications and source records attributed to R Aggarwal.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Bacteriology of ophthalmic infections with special reference to anaerobes.

A total of 138 eye specimens were processed for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Clinical data were obtained from 50 patients with unilateral ophthalmic infection. Cultures from the uninfected eye of 38 of these 50 patients were also processed for comparison. In addition, 50 cultures were obtained from one or both eyes of 30 healthy controls who had no eye infection. Anaerobes and aerobes were isolated from infected eyes of 6 (12%) and 37 (74%) patients respectively. No growth was observed in infected eye of 8 (16%) patients. A mixture of aerobes and anaerobes were recovered only in 2 cases. Of the total 47 aerobic isolates from infected eye specimens, Staphylococcus aureus (11), coagulase negative staphylococci (12) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9) were predominant isolates. Six anaerobes isolates included Gram positive nonsporing anaerobic bacilli (4 including Propionibacterium acne) as predominant isolates. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from a case of post operative endoophthalmitis. From the uninfected eye of same patients though the number and types of aerobic bacteria were similar, none grew any anaerobes. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 70 and 6 per cent of eye swabs respectively from the healthy controls.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of gastroenterology trainees in India: results of a national survey.

Information was obtained using questionnaires regarding evaluation techniques in use in various institutions imparting gastroenterology training in India. Although methods used for entrance, in-course and certification evaluation vary in ten institutions conducting DM courses in gastroenterology, it is possible to achieve uniformity in many areas.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1991

Radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis. Prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of oral sulfasalazine plus rectal steroids versus rectal sucralfate.

In a prospective study, 37 consecutive patients with radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis were randomized to receive a four-week course of either 3.0 g oral sulfasalazine plus 20 mg twice daily rectal prednisolone enemas (group I, N = 18) or 2.0 g twice daily rectal sucralfate enemas plus oral placebo (group II, N = 19). The two groups were comparable with respect to demographic features, duration of symptoms, and clinical and endoscopic staging of the disease. Fifteen patients in group I and 17 in group II completed the trial. At four weeks, both groups showed significant clinical improvement (P less than 0.01 for group I and P less than 0.001 for group II) and endoscopic healing (P less than 0.01 for group I and P less than 0.001 for group II). When the two groups were compared, sucralfate enemas showed a significantly better response as assessed clinically (P less than 0.05), although endoscopically the response was not statistically different (P greater than 0.05). We conclude that both treatment regimens are effective in the management of radiation proctitis. Sucralfate enemas give a better clinical response, are tolerated better, and because of the lower cost should be the preferred mode of short-term treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Successful treatment of Prototheca peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

We describe the second reported case of peritonitis caused by the alga Prototheca wickerhamii in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This organism, which grows slowly on agar media, is recognised as a race cause of other infections. The condition is clinically similar to cases of fungal peritonitis, but there are important differences, particularly when choosing the best treatment.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1991

An appraisal of the quality and presentation of scientific papers at the 31st annual conference of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.

To assess the quality of papers presented at the annual conference of the Indial Society of Gastroenterology, a proforma was completed by selected assessors regarding the time taken to present the paper, the quality of the paper and other aspects of presentation. Forty-six papers were evaluated; fifteen of 38 (39%) papers took more than the prescribed time of 8 minutes; 10% were rated unsatisfactory in quality. The quality and content of slides were rated as unsatisfactory in 17% and 7% respectively. The quality and relevance of the questions asked from the floor were graded as unsatisfactory in 20% and 14% respectively. Of the responses from authors to these questions, 33% were graded as unsatisfactory. In all, 28 (61%) of 46 papers assessed were unsatisfactory on one or more counts. Thus, efforts are needed to improve the quality of papers presented and of their presentation.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Sucralfate enema in ulcerative rectosigmoid lesions.

To assess the efficacy of sucralfate enemas in distal colonic ulcerative lesions, 22 patients with radiation proctitis (n = 8), idiopathic ulcerative proctitis (n = 5), and solitary rectal ulcer (n = 5) unresponsive to conventional medical therapy, and those with ulcerated and bleeding rectal polyps awaiting polypectomy (n = 4) were studied. Enemas of sucralfate suspension (2 gm in 20 ml water) were administered twice daily for a period of three weeks. Clinical and sigmoidoscopic improvements were observed in 19 and 18 of the 22 patients, respectively (86 and 82 percent, respectively). No side effects were seen. The authors conclude that sucralfate enemas are useful in the treatment of ulcerative lesions of the rectosigmoid.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Ascaridia galli: effect of some anthelmintics on amino acid uptake and macromolecular synthesis in vitro.

L-(U-14C) aspartic acid, L-(U-14C) alanine and L-(U-14C) leucine uptake by Ascaridia galli was found to be a non-linear function of time and limiting substrate concentration. The uptake was rapid initially but achieved steady state thereafter, possibly owing to the saturation of transport loci. Linear transformations of substrate saturation kinetics by Lineweaver-Burk plots of L-(U-14C) aspartic acid, L-(U-14C) alanine and L-(U-14C) leucine gave Kt values of 4.76, 3.03 and 2.0 mM and Jmax of 5.0, 3.57 and 2.08 m moles/100 mg dry weight/2 min, respectively. D1-tetramisole and 1-tetramisole (levamisole) inhibited the uptake of amino acids. The uptaken amino acids were readily metabolized into different tissue fractions. D1-tetramisole and levamisole significantly inhibited the incorporation of the three amino acids into the nematode's total protein, RNA and lipid fractions in an in vitro incubation system.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Controlled trial of twice a day versus once a day cimetidine therapy for duodenal ulcer.

A randomized controlled trial was carried out to compare the efficacy of conventional 400 mg twice daily dose of cimetidine with single bedtime 800 mg dose, in 40 patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer. At repeat endoscopy after four weeks of therapy, complete ulcer healing was achieved in 78% of patients on twice daily dosage and 79% of patients on single daily dosage. A more convenient single nocturnal dosage of cimetidine is as effective in the treatment of duodenal ulcer as a twice daily dosage in the Indian population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Management of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Records of 55 consecutive patients who had ingested foreign bodies were reviewed retrospectively. Foreign bodies were located in the esophagus, stomach and duodenum in 25, 27 and 3 patients respectively. Eleven of these passed through the entire gastrointestinal tract spontaneously and uneventfully. Endoscopic extraction was successful in 36 patients while 8 needed surgical removal of the ingested object. Only one death was encountered. We conclude that using simple guidelines, foreign body ingestion can be managed with a low incidence of complications and mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Lipid metabolism and low molecular weight solute uptake in Ascaridia galli.

Adult Ascaridia galli, an intestinal nematode parasite of fowl, reveals a large variety of complex lipids such as phospholipids containing choline, ethanolamine, inositol, serine and glycerol. Lysophospholipid species, vinyl ether phospholipid (plasmalogen), neutral acylglycerols, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids are also present. Sugar-containing lipids, such as cerebrosides, sulphatides and gangliosides are abundantly present. Female parasites contain more lipids, particularly acylglycerols and phospholipids. Acylglycerols, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and glycolipids incorporate a large amount of radiolabelled precursor substrate in A. galli. The presence of important enzymes of lipid biosynthesis like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase as well as an enzyme of lipid ester hydrolysis, triacylglycerol lipase is detected in the parasite. These enzymes show subcellular distribution patterns and Michaelis-Menten kinetic characteristics comparable with that from rat liver homogenate. Studies on the uptake of labelled precursor molecules for lipid biosynthesis, glucose, acetate and palmitate show that the parasites can take up the isotopes readily in a time-dependent manner, showing substrate saturation kinetics, dependence upon Na ions, and can be inhibited by the presence of the bile salts sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate. The substrate affinity constant (Kt) and maximum apparent velocity of glucose uptake in A. galli were found to be 9.09 mM and 26.67 mM per 100 mg tissue dry weight per min at 37 degrees C.

Acetates↗