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Biomedical subjects

R K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to R K Gupta.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphologic aspects of thyroiditis. A study of 51 cases with functional, immunologic and ultrasonographic data.

Fine needle aspiration provided material for detailed cytomorphologic study in 51 cases of thyroiditis, 40 of which were diagnosed as Hashimoto's (autoimmune) thyroiditis. Of these 40 cases, 22 were found to be euthyroid on clinical examination and radioimmunoassay (RIA), 10 were hyperthyroid and 8 were hypothyroid. Of the 11 cases of subacute thyroiditis, 4 were thyrotoxic and 7 were euthyroid. Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) showed decreased to negligible uptake in ten and normal uptake in one case of subacute thyroiditis, whereas all of the thyrotoxic cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis showed markedly increased RAIU. Echography showed a hypoechoic or anechoic pattern in most of the cases. Antimicrosomal and/or antithyroglobulin antibodies were positive in 25 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in 1 case of subacute thyroiditis. The cytologic features that characterized subacute thyroiditis were the presence of multinucleated giant cells and a polymorphonuclear and lymphocytic population associated occasionally with epithelioid-cell granulomas. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was characterized by Hürthle-cell changes and a significant lymphoid population consisting of mature and transformed lymphocytes, often impinging on follicular cells. There was an overlap in the cytomorphologic features between some cases of Hashimoto's and subacute thyroiditis. In such cases, the final diagnosis was arrived at by an integrated approach incorporating all of the diagnostic parameters available.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of the rare solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas by fine needle aspiration cytology. Light and electron microscopic study of a case.

A case of the rare solid and cystic papillary tumor of the pancreas in a young woman is described. The diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration cytology, with electron microscopic examination of the needle washings. The preoperative cytologic diagnosis enabled appropriate surgical treatment to be planned and carried out without undue delay. It is important to distinguish this rare tumor from other pancreatic tumors with similar cytohistologic features since, if diagnosed correctly and managed surgically, this neoplasm is associated with a good prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on the toxic effects of streptolysin 'O': electrocardiographic changes in mammals.

The effect of streptolysin 'O' (a streptococcal exotoxin) on ECG in rabbits and mongrel puppys has been investigated. The intravenous administration of streptolysin 'O' (SLO) in doses of 0.5 to 2 U/kg in rabbits and 0.5 to 4 U/kg in puppys immediately caused transient sinus bradycardia, which was dose dependent. Intense sinus bradycardia followed by ST elevation and progressively increasing atrioventricular blocks in rabbits and nodal rhythm and intraventricular conduction defects in puppys, terminating in cardiac standstill were observed after a dose of 4 and 8 U/kg respectively. Pretreatment of rabbits with antistreptolysin 'O' completely protected them against the cardiotoxic and lethal effects of challenging doses of SLO. It is suggested that this streptococcal component may be involved in the causation of derangements of cardiac activity during acute rheumatic fever in man.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Value of sputum cytology in the differential diagnosis of alveolar cell carcinoma from bronchogenic adenocarcinoma.

A total of 90 cases in which a cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma has been previously made by consecutive sputum cytology were reviewed in order to estimate the possibility of a correct differential diagnosis of alveolar cell carcinoma (bronchioloalveolar) from bronchogenic adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis by sputum cytology in all cases was correlated with data from a subsequent biopsy, operation or autopsy. Using certain specific differential diagnostic cytologic parameters, striking differences were noted in the exfoliated cells in sputum samples; these related to cell size, clustering effects, pleomorphism, mucin production, cytoplasm, nuclei and nucleoli. Based on the observations made in this study, it is suggested that sputum cytology is not only a valuable method of detecting malignant cells but can also be quite useful to correctly type all cases of alveolar cell carcinoma and 93.75% cases of bronchogenic adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amebic liver abscess: a report of 100 cases.

Amebic abscess of the liver occurs in about 10% of cases of amebic colitis. The clinical features and laboratory data in 100 patients over a period of three years are presented. Interesting clinical observations were afebrile presentation in 14% and jaundice in 9% of cases. Most of the liver function tests were of no diagnostic value. However, elevated alkaline phosphatase in 69% of cases, in the presence of normal SGOT and SGPT levels, is significant. Hepatic scan, indirect hemagglutination test and splenoportogram are useful collateral aids in its diagnosis. Peritoneal rupture occurred in two cases only. In general, the response to specific anti-amebic therapy combined with aspiration of the abscess was highly satisfactory. Open drainage of the abscess is advocated if a secondary infection supervenes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic cytology and biopsy in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal malignancy.

Direct-vision endoscopic cytologies and biopsies were performed on 1,437 patients during a five-year period, and the incidence, correct typing and diagnosis of gastroesophageal cancer were studied. At the first cytology, malignant cells were diagnosed in 80 cases, all of which were confirmed by the endoscopic biopsy; in 30 cases, despite suspicious cytology, no malignancy was seen at the first biopsy. At repeat endoscopic cytology and biopsy, however, 21 of these 30 cases were correctly correlated for malignancy, resulting in a final correct correlation in 101 of the 110 cases (91.8%) and a diagnostic discrepancy in 9 cases (8.2%). It thus appears that the procedure is useful in diagnosing gastroesophageal cancer in the majority of cases. In the cases of discrepancies, gastric ulcers were found later; the repeatedly suspicious cytologies were due to the cytologic atypia of the cells from regenerating hyperplastic and/or metaplastic epithelium at the margins of the ulcers. Such cells showed a wide spectrum of changes, ranging from mild atypia to severe atypia mimicking adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in leprosy.

Sera collected from 65 patients having various types of leprosy and 20 healthy human beings were studied for the determination of total serum proteins, paper electrophoresis for protein types and albumin globulin ratios. Significant changes in protein equilibrium with the presence of hypoalbuminemia and increases in various globulin fractions (except beta globulin) were observed in patients having lepromatous and dimorphous leprosy. An abnormal protein band was also detected in 3 of 20 cases of lepromatous leprosy. The patients suffering from tuberculoid and polyneuritic leprosy did not show much protein disequilibrium except for mild rises in serum alpha-2 and reductions in serum beta globulins.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fitting curves to physiological data.

This paper deals with fitting of a parabola and three parameter logistic curve to relate heart output and initial index finger temperature with ambient temperature in human subjects. The coefficients of determination (R2%) between observed and estimated values of heat output and initial index finger temperature were close to 98% indicating the high percentage of variation of the total sum of squares absorbed by the fit of the curves. The superiority of the fitted curves over the other curves have been proved. Thus it is concluded that parabola and three parameter logistic curve may explain the relationships of heat output and initial index finger temperature with ambient temperature more precisely than other curves.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Value of sputum cytology in the diagnosis and typing of bronchogenic carcinomas, excluding adenocarcinomas.

In 320 selected cases with a cytologic diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma, the cytologic typing of the tumor was correlated with histology to determine the rate of correct diagnoses. Although 205 cases (64.1%) showed a correct correlation using consecutive sputum cytology, in 115 "inconclusive" cases (35.9%) it was necessary to study further cytologic material after bronchoscopy in order to achieve a 90.3% overall correlation. Although an exact cytohistologic correlation was possible in all cases of epidermoid carcinomas and 92.1% of small-cell carcinomas, only 55.3% of undifferentiated carcinomas could be correctly correlated. In 44.7% of the latter type, subsequent tissue examination showed a different type of primary bronchogenic carcinoma; malignant cells were not missed cytologically in any of these cases. These results suggest that initially sputum cytology should be employed in all cases whereas further cytologic examination of material after bronchoscopy is essential in inconclusive cases to correctly diagnose and type bronchogenic carcinomas in a higher percentage of cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gompertz curve in physiology: an application.

Gompertz curve has been successfully used to estimate mortality intensities, recovery and relapse rates for human beings suffering from specific diseases. Perhaps, no attempt has yet been made to describe statistically the phenomenon of thermoregulation efficiency of man. This paper deals with the statistical approach for describing the above mentioned phenomenon. For this purpose, Gompertz curve has been fitted to the data of recovery palm skin temperature of human subjects, which was collected after removing the hand of a subject dipped for two minutes in cold water maintained at 10 +/- 1 degree C on seven environmental situations including altitude. The coefficients of correlation between observed and estimated palm skin temperature expressed logarithmically were close to 0.99 for each situation indicating the high precision of the fitted curve. The average rates of recovery of palms skin temperature have also been compared between these seven environmental situations using analysis of covariance technique. It is concluded that recovery of palm skin temperature of sea level residents during stay at plains is much faster than their recovery at high altitude situations.

Altitude↗