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Biomedical subjects

R Kumashiro

Publications and source records attributed to R Kumashiro.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Promoting effect of partial gastrectomy on carcinogenesis in the remnant stomach of rats after oral administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

The promoting effect of partial gastrectomy in the development of cancer in the remnant stomach was examined in rats after oral administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, using various surgical approaches. The incidence with which cancer developed in the remnant stomach following gastrectomy was lower than the incidence of gastric cancer in the entire glandular stomach. The incidence of cancer in the remnant stomach following Billroth II procedure according to Mayo's method, was higher than the incidence of cancer with other reconstructive methods as well as the corresponding area in the nonresected groups. There was a correlation between the incidence of cancer and the total bile acid concentration in the remnant stomach.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Decreased superoxide (O2-)-generating activity of blood monocytes from patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

The superoxide-generating activity of blood monocytes from patients with hepatic cirrhosis was studied by the rapid and sensitive method using cytochalasin E and wheat germ agglutinin as triggering agents. The initial rates of superoxide generation by the patients' monocytes were 0.110 +/- 0.072 n mol/min/10(5) cells (mean +/- SD, n = 22) after sequential treatment with cytochalasin E and wheat germ agglutinin, while those of controls were 0.305 +/- 0.123 n mol/min/10(5) cells (mean +/- SD, n = 33) (P less than 0.001). The activity correlated inversely with indocyanine green retention rates; the regression line was Y = 0.220-0.0028 X (Y; superoxide-generating activity, n mol/min/10(5) cells, X; indocyanine green retention rate, per cent), whose test of significance of the regression coefficient was 0.010 less than P less than 0.025. The presence of ascites, a decreased in the number of white blood cells, and increased serum total bilirubin, also inversely correlated with the superoxide-generating activity. These show that in cirrhotic patient, the superoxide-generating activity of blood monocyte, which may reflect NAD(P)H oxidase activity, is impaired in proportion as the grade of hepatic cirrhosis increases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Influence of PSK on the metabolism of FT-207].

The influence of PSK on the metabolism of FT-207 was studied in patients with gastric cancer. The 5-FU concentration in the blood was determined 15 min, 30 min, 1 hour and 3 hours after intravenous injection of FT-207, 400mg. The blood level of 5-FU remained constant in 86% of patients after administration of PSK for 7 days, but decreased in 14% of patients. After administration of PSK for 8 to 14 months, no change in the blood level of 5-FU was detected. These results suggest that PSK has no distinct influence on the activation of FT-207.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1983

Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: correlation to reactive hyperplasia in regional lymph nodes and prognosis.

The pathological changes of regional lymph nodes in cases of gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma (LS group) and the prognostic significance of the findings were studied in comparison with those in cases of ordinary stroma (OS group). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the immune responses of regional lymph nodes, histologically, in patients with gastric carcinoma and lymphoid stroma. In the LS group, the incidence of paracortical hyperplasia (PH) was high, irrespective of lymph node metastasis, while that of germinal center hyperplasia (GH) was high in the absence of lymph node metastasis but tended to be low in the presence of metastasis. In the OS group, the incidences of PH and GH were low, particularly in the presence of lymph node metastasis. The five year survival rate in those with no lymph node metastasis was as favorable as that of patients with lymph node metastasis in the LS group, the latter being significantly higher than the rate in the OS group. These results indicate that gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma are closely related to reactive hyperplasias of the regional lymph nodes, particularly paracortical hyperplasia, and in such cases, there is a favorable prognosis, regardless of the lymph node metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Recurrent gastric carcinoma--analysis of 100 in-patients--.

Between 1964 and 1981, 100 in-patients with recurrent gastric carcinoma following curative resection were investigated in the Second Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Hospital. The disease-free interval after initial operation and the advancement of the carcinoma correlated. The mean disease free interval of cases with local recurrence was 4 years and 1 month, that is 2 years longer than in cases of peritoneal dissemination or hematogenous metastasis. The disease free interval and the survival time after recurrence also correlated. Patients with a relapse more than 2 years after initial operation survived statistically longer than did those with a relapse in less than 2 years (p less than 0.01). One and 2 year survival rates after recurrence in the second resection group was 41.4 per cent and 17.2 per cent, respectively. Almost all patients in the other group died within one year after recurrence. The average survival in patients on a combination of chemotherapy and resection of the recurrent tumor was about 2 years and longer than in cases of resection but without chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Late results of postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy for the gastric cancer patients subjected to curative resection.

Postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) with a combination of Mitomycin-C (MMC), FT-207 and PSK (an immuno-stimulant) was prescribed for gastric cancer patients subjected to curative resection. The 5 year survival rates for patients with stage III and stage IV cancer were 58.3 per cent and 50.0 per cent in the PLCC groups, 48.0 per cent and 15.4 per cent in MMC groups, and 46.3 per cent and 13.3 per cent in no chemotherapy groups, respectively. In stage IV, the survival rate in PLCC group was significantly higher than that in MMC or no chemotherapy group (p less than 0.05). In the PLCC group, there was a tendency toward a dose-dependent effect in each group, and 5 year survival rate of stage III group administered over 60 mg of MMC, 60 g of FT-207 and 270 g of PSK was 70 per cent, such being remarkably higher than 46.3 per cent in those given no chemotherapy (p less than 0.07). There was no drug related death and only a slight leukopenia and hepatotoxicity occurred in some patients.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1983

Combination chemotherapy enhances survival of patients with unresectable gastric cancer.

Of 177 Japanese patients with a gastric cancer which could not be resected and seen at our institution during the period from 1964 to 1979, 153 were investigated with regard to the efficacy of anticancer agents, in terms of prolongation of life. The average survival time was 23 weeks in the combination chemotherapy group (57 cases), 17 weeks in the single drug chemotherapy group (42 cases) and 13 weeks in no chemotherapy group (54 cases). Three and 6 month survival rates in the overall patients were 57.1 per cent and 16.7 per cent for single drug chemotherapy group, and 37.0 per cent and 11.1 per cent for no chemotherapy group, while in the combination chemotherapy group, the rates were higher at 64.9 per cent and 29.8 per cent, respectively (combination chemotherapy vs. no chemotherapy group, p less than 0.05). In patients with peritoneal dissemination, hepatic metastasis and carcinomatous ascites, there was a significant difference in survival rates between those prescribed combination chemotherapy and those given no chemotherapy (p less than 0.05). Of 57 in the combination chemotherapy group, 6 and 9 month survival rates were 45.5 per cent and 22.7 per cent in the postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) group (22 cases), such being higher than other combination chemotherapy group (35 cases), 22.9 per cent and 11.4 per cent, respectively. There was a significant difference in the survival rates between the two groups (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of stress ulcer formation by aminophylline in rats.

The preventive effect of aminophylline in the development of stress ulcer by cold restraint was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. Aminophylline, in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, significantly inhibited stress ulcer formation in comparison to the control group. The preventative effect of aminophylline appeared to result from the inhibition of thrombus formation produced by the inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1983

[Adjuvant chemotherapy for aged patients with gastric carcinoma].

The effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy on aged patients (more than 70 years old) with resectable gastric carcinoma was examined in our Department. Of the 178 patients, 75 patients received the drugs on various regimen and 103 patients had no chemotherapy a control group). No significant difference was noted in patient characteristics of age, sex and curability. In advanced gastric carcinoma such as stage III and IV, a significant increase in long-term survival after surgery was obtained with combination chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy compared with the control group (P less than 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in a survival rate of the patients with stage I and II.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The effect of heparin on stress ulcer formation in rats.

The effect of heparin on acute gastric hemorrhagic lesions in rats induced by cold restraint stress was examined in relation to dose responsiveness. Prestress heparin with intravenous injection of either 50 or 500 U/Kg significantly reduced gastric bleeding (P less than 0.01). Treatment with the former dose inhibited the formation of gastric ulceration (P less than 0.01). Heparin poststress with both doses did not significantly affect either gastric bleeding or ulceration. In contrast, both heparin prestress and poststress at 5000 U/Kg intravenously markedly enhanced gastric bleeding (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). The results encourage the use of low-heparin prophylaxis for stress ulcers in patients at high risk, and support the concept of a thrombotic etiology for this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Thrombotic etiology of stress ulcers. 1. The effect of anticoagulant and antiplatelet aggregators in the development of stress ulcers in rats.

The preventative effect of anticoagulant (heparin) and antiplatelet aggregators (dipyridamole, low-dose aspirin, and ticlopidine), which are well known as antithrombotic agents, were recognized in this study of the development of stress ulcers in rats under cold restraint stress. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the development of stress ulceration has a thrombotic etiology and that antiplatelet aggregators may be useful in the treatment of critically ill patients with stress ulcers.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The preventive effect of low-dose aspirin in the development of stress ulceration in rats.

The preventative effect of low-dose aspirin in the development of stress ulcer induced by cold restraint were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. The bleeding and ulceration scores in the control group were 2.14 and 13.50, respectively. The bleeding score in the 1 mg/kg aspirin group was 1.32 and the ulceration score was 6.89. The scores in 50 mg/kg aspirin group were 2.86 and 38.74, respectively. A significant decrease of ulceration in low-dose aspirin and significant increase in high-dose aspirin were demonstrated. A significant decrease in gastric acid secretion in the low-dose aspirin group was recognized. However, the inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by low-dose aspirin was thought to play a major role in the prevention of stress ulcer.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Significance of splenectomy in the treatment of cancer].

With inoculation of a large amount of tumor cells, the tumor growth of splenectomized mice was depressed compared to sham operated mice. On the contrary, with inoculation of a small amount of tumor cells the occurrence of tumor was lower in sham-operated mice. The effect of splenectomy on tumor growth was bidirectional depending on the dose of the inoculate. The effect was due to the production of the immunosuppressive factor in sera obtained from mice inoculated with a large but not small amount of tumor cells. Studies for the late survivals of 113 patients who had received curative total gastrectomy with or without splenectomy revealed that the non-splenectomized group showed a significantly better late survival rate than the splenectomized group when the splenic hilar lymph nodes were not involved with cancer metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical significance of colorectal cancers arising after partial or total gastrectomy].

Among colorectal cancer patients operated at the 2nd Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Hospital between 1974 to 1980. 6 developed this cancer after partial or total gastrectomy for gastric cancer or ulcer. The interval between the gastric operation and colorectal surgery ranged from 15 months to 17 years. The colorectal cancers arose in the transverse colon (1) the sigmoid colon (2), there were 3 rectal cancers. Therefore, not only the occurrence of recurrent or primary cancer in the remnant stomach, but also the occurrence of colorectal cancer should be monitored carefully after partial or total gastrectomy for gastric cancer or ulcer.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Combined effect of prophylactic lymphadenectomy and long term combination chemotherapy for curatively resected carcinoma of the stomach.

Effectiveness of prophylactic extensive lymph node dissection (PELD) plus postoperative long term combination chemotherapy (PLCC) for patients with curatively resected gastric carcinoma was assessed in terms of the degree of serosal invasion and lymph node metastasis. Either the Group 1 and Group 2 lymph nodes were eradicated by PELD. PLCC included intermittent intravenous administration of mitomycin C (0.4 mg/kg intraoperatively followed by 0.2 mg/kg every 3 months) and oral administration of Tegafur (600-800 mg/day) and PSK (3.0 g/day), an immunostimulator, for as long a period as possible. PELD alone resulted in a cure when the malignancy was confined to the mucosal and muscular layers of the stomach as well as to the Group 1 lymph nodes. In cases when the carcinoma involved the serosa and/or the Group 2 lymph nodes, the 5 year survival rate was about 55 per cent the PELD and PLCC groups, such being significantly higher than about 27 per cent in the PELD alone group. Therefore, PELD plus PLCC is highly effective for advanced gastric carcinoma, under a condition of curative resection.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) extends life-span of non-curatively resected patients with stage IV gastric cancer.

Postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) with a combination of Mitomycin-C, Tegafur and PSK (an immunostimulant) was applied to non-curatively resected cases with stage IV gastric cancer (invading the adjacent organs and/or with metastasis to the liver, peritoneum, and/or distant lymph nodes). This approach has a significant life-prolongation effect. The two-year survival rate was 16.8 per cent in the PLCC group, such being higher than 6.7 per cent and 1.7 per cent in MMC and no chemotherapy groups (p less than 0.05). 50 per cent survival periods in those with liver metastasis were 8.3 months in the PLCC group, such being longer than 5.2 and 2.8 months in MMC and no chemotherapy groups (p less than 0.002) respectively. Combination therapy of PLCC and intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU through the proper hepatic artery prescribed for 8 patients with liver metastasis resulted in a 3-month prolongation of 50 per cent survival periods, compared with PLCC alone (p less than 0.05). In those with peritoneal dissemination the rate was 10.5 months in the PLCC group, that is longer than 6.5 months in the MMC group (p less than 0.02). In cases of invasion to other organs plus distant lymph node metastasis, the time was 11.0 in PLCC and 7.0 months in MMC groups (p less than 0.05). Thus, PLCC is a palliative approach for non-curatively resected carcinoma of the stomach.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Serial determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen for early detection of recurrent gastric cancer.

In attempts to predict the recurrence of gastric cancer, postoperative changes in serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are monitored in our clinic by radioimmunoassay (Dainabot, Japan). Recurrences are suspected when serum CEA levels are 4 ng/ml, in the postoperative period. Out of 34 patients in whom there were increases in serum CEA, 18 were confirmed to have a recurrence and 15 of these 18 patients were assessed accurately by serial postoperative levels of CEA, two patients died of a recurrence after elevation of serum CEA levels. Thus, recurrence was predicted in 17 out of 34 patients (50 per cent) and in 12 out of 17 patients there was a metastasis to the liver. In 14 out of 34 patients there are no signs of recurrence 9 to 25 months after serum CEA elevations.

Adenocarcinoma↗