Authors describing the bronchial vessels agree to the fact that they are characterised by a great variability in regard to their number and the place where they leave aorta (1, 2, 6). The characteristic feature of the right bronchial artery is that it often forms common trunks with other vessels (mainly with the first right aortic intercostal branch or with one of the upper oesophageal arteries). It can also have a common let-out trunk with the left upper bronchial artery (4). Bearing in mind that the operations on trachea and bronchi are difficult, and that it is very important to maintain the blood supply of the walls in the operated organs we have decided to publish our observations. They refer to a case, not described before, in which the right bronchial artery left the aortic arch in a high position making the vascular supply to the front lower half of the trachea and its bifurcation. Then, it went down to the membranous part of the right bronchus.

Bronchial Arteries↗

PubMed1994

The venous drainage of the apical segment of the right lower pulmonary lobe.

Fifty right lungs taken from dead human bodies of both sexes (30 male, 20 female), whose ages ranged from 16 to 81 years, were studied. The left atrium, pulmonary veins and right main bronchus were injected with a 65% solution of Duracryl and then digested in sulphuric acid. The specimens were examined to determine the number and tributaries of the apical segmental veins of the lower lobe. Their length was 36 mm at the most and their diameter 8 mm. Four atypical kinds of tributaries from other segments were distinguished in every fourth case examined, and 5 kinds of accessory veins opening into the immediate veins were present, likewise in every fourth case examined.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Microscopic structure of the pulmonary trunk wall in rabbits.

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Animals↗

PubMed1994

The activity of lysosomal enzymes of the wall of the pulmonary trunk in rabbits.

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Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1993

Relationships between divisions of the middle bronchus and vascularization patterns in the middle lung lobe.

In 100 right human lungs the main bronchus, the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein were injected with 65% methyl methacrylate and then digested in sulphuric acid. The resulting specimens were studied to observe the divisions of the middle lobe bronchus and the types of arterial and venous vascularization of this lobe. The lobe was always entered by one lobar bronchus, which usually divided into two segmental bronchi. In 53% of the middle lobes with this bronchial pattern there was one artery. When the lobar bronchus divided into three branches, at least two arteries entered the lobe in almost all cases. Complete consistency between the pattern of bronchial division and that of arterial vascularization of the middle lobe was found in almost two-thirds of cases. Associations between patterns of bronchial division and of venous drainage from the middle lobe were found in slightly more than half of the cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Branches of the right pulmonary artery supplying the basal segments of the lung.

The studies were carried out on 100 right lungs taken from dead human bodies of both sexes whose age varied from 16 to 81 years. The pulmonary artery and the bronchus were injected with a 65% solution of duracryl and then digested in sulfuric acid. The specimens obtained were then examined to determine the number and dimensions of the branches of the basal portion of the right pulmonary artery (RPA) penetrating into the basal segments of the right lower pulmonary lobe. Their length was 52 mm at the most, and their diameter 14 mm. Three types of ramification of the basal portion of the RPA were distinguished on the basis of the trunks, segmental and subsegmental branches present. In 72% of the cases the branches penetrating into the basal segments showed a tree-like type, in 2% of the cases a bushy-like type and in 26% of the cases a middle type.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Spleen morphometry in Cercopithecus aethiops.

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Animals↗

PubMed1992

Pulmonary arteries dimensions and their dependences on the age, the height and body weight.

The studies were carried out on 100 right and 100 left lungs taken from human corpses of both sexes whose age varied from 1 month to 80 years. The material was divided into 3 age groups. The pulmonary arteries were injected 65% duracryl and then digested in sulfuric acid. The specimens obtained were examined to measurement the length and the diameter of the interlobar portion of the pulmonary arteries and their correlation indexes to the age, the length and the body weight. It was certain, that the pulmonary arteries dimensions still grows during man's extrafetal life; the diameter of the right pulmonary artery is usual greater than the left artery. The length of the interlobar portion of the right pulmonary artery varied in both sexes from 5 to 43 mm, and from 6 to 43 mm on the left pulmonary artery. The diameter of the some part of pulmonary arteries varied from 3 to 21 mm on the right side, and from 4.5 to 20 mm on the left side.

Aging↗

PubMed1991

Branches of the left pulmonary artery supplying the basal segments of the lung.

The studies were carried out on 100 left lungs taken from dead human bodies of both sexes whose age varied from 16 to 80 years. The pulmonary artery and the bronchus were injected with a 65% solution of duracryl and then digested in sulfuric acid. The specimens obtained were then examined to determine the number and dimensions of the branches of the basal portion of the left pulmonary artery penetrating into the basal segments of the left lower pulmonary lobe. Their length was 60 mm at the most, and their diameter 9.8 mm. Three types of ramification of the basal portion of the left pulmonary artery were distinguished on the basis of the trunks, segmental and subsegmental branches present. In 70% of the cases the branches penetrating into the basal segments showed tree-like type, in 3% of the cases showed bushy-like type, and in 27% of the cases middle type.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Branches of the right pulmonary artery to the right upper lobe of the lung.

Studies were carried out on 100 right lungs taken from human cadavers of both sexes aged from 1 month to 80 years. The material was divided into 3 age groups. The pulmonary artery and the bronchi were injected with 65% duracryl and then digested in sulfuric acid. Specimens were examined to determine the number and dimensions of the branches of the right pulmonary artery penetrating upper lobe of the right lung. It was found that in most cases 2 and 3 branches arose from right pulmonary artery. In about 60% of cases the branches which penetrated the lobe were the superior trunk and one or two subsegmental branches. In a dozes or so of cases three types were found: only superior trunk, the apicoanterior trunk and independent segmental or subsegmental branches, the apicoposterior trunk and the remaining branches.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Branches of the right pulmonary artery to the middle lobe of the right lung.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Problem of delimitation of the subapical segment in the lower lobe of the lungs in view of morphologic and statistical investigations.

Investigations were carried out on 80 right and 80 left lungs removed from human bodies aged 18 to 80 years. The bronchi and pulmonary arteries, after washing, were injected with 65% duracryl and digested with sulfuric acid. On corrosion casts the points of origins, and dimensions of subapical segmental bronchi and arterial branches were investigated. The subapical segment in the right lower lobe was present in 40% of cases. The length of subapical bronchus was 11.5 mm and the diameter 4.1 mm. In 35% the segment was supplied by one artery and in 5% by two arteries. In the left lower lobe the subapical segment was present only in 20% of cases. Its bronchus was 10.6 mm long and 3.8 mm of diameter. Only in 1.25% this segment was supplied by two arteries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Branches of the left pulmonary artery vascularizing the left upper pulmonary lobe.

The studies were carried out on 100 left lungs taken from dead human bodies of both sexes whose age varied from 16 to 80 years. The pulmonary artery and the bronchus were injected with a 65% solution of duracryl and then digested in sulfuric acid. The specimens obtained were examined to determine the number and dimensions of the branches of the left pulmonary artery penetrating into the upper lobe of the left lung as well as the places at which they branch off from this artery. It was found that in most cases 4 branches ramified from the left pulmonary artery. Their length was 30 mm at the most, and their diameter, 12 mm. In about 50% of the cases the branches which penetrated into the lobe were the apicoanterior trunk, the lingular branch and 1 or 2 subsegmental branches, in about 25% of the cases almost all segmental branches penetrated into the lobe separately. In about 20% of the cases the apicoposterior trunk and independent segmental or subsegmental branches were present. Only in about 5% of the cases did the branches under consideration include the apicoposteroanterior trunk and the remaining segmental and subsegmental branches.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Spleen morphometry in Cercopithecus aethiops.

The fast progress of experimental medicine causes an increased interest in the morphological aspects of body structure of the animals used in experiments. This is particularly true with regard to the Primates because of numerous similarities between them and human as far as both body structure and the relation between the structural features of individual organs and certain external features of the body are concerned (2, 6, 7, 9).

Animals↗