PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S K Yip

Publications and source records attributed to S K Yip.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Ultrasonographic estimation of postpartum postvoid residual bladder volume: a comparison between transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography.

Postvoid residual bladder volume (PVRBV) was estimated in 89 patients with postpartum urinary retention using two ultrasonographic volume estimation methods. The PVRBV estimated by transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography are compared using the plot of difference against mean and the paired t-test. Neither showed any significant difference between the two methods (paired sample t-test, P > 0.05). The two methods have high correlation coefficient of 0.903 (Spearman's correlation, P < 0.0001). Either ultrasonographic volume estimation method gives reasonable bladder volume assessment in postpartum patients and could be used interchangeably as the clinical situation requires.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Vesicouterine fistula: an updated review.

To ascertain the condition of vesicouterine fistula, a search of the medical literature using the Ovid version (Ovid Technologies Inc., New York, USA) of Medline (1966-1997) was undertaken, using the keywords vesicouterine, vesico-uterine, uterovesico, and utero-vesico fistula. A search of the earlier medical literature was by cross-referencing and is likely to be less complete than the computerized database. Nonetheless, the authors believe the most relevant publications were cited. On reviewing the subject it was noticed that there had been a change in obstetric practice between the first and the latter half of this century, namely an increase in the incidence of cesarean deliveries. However, the literature contains relatively little information on pathophysiology, possibly owing to the relative rarity of the lesion. Emphasis has been given to the most recent 10 years (1987-1997) in order to update the etiology, diagnosis and management of this clinical condition.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Hematuria and clot retention after Burch colposuspension and Cystofix suprapubic catheterization: suprapubic cystotomy as an alternative suprapubic drainage method.

Suprapubic catheterization is a common procedure in continence surgery and hematuria is a common complication after suprapubic catheterization. The authors report an unusual case of acute clot retention after the removal of a Cystofix suprapubic catheter in a patient who had had a Burch colposuspension. Suprapubic cystotomy as an alternate suprapubic method is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Day case hematuria diagnostic service: use of ultrasonography and flexible cystoscopy.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of a day case diagnostic service employing ultrasonography and flexible cystoscopy in the evaluation of patients presenting with painless gross hematuria. METHODS: From July 1994 to June 1997 a prospective study was conducted for 312 consecutive patients presenting with painless gross hematuria. They were evaluated in a day case diagnostic service setting, where ultrasonography and flexible cystoscopy were performed together with other laboratory investigations. Intravenous urography was subsequently performed for possible additional diagnostic information. RESULTS: Eighty-one urinary malignancies were detected in 78 patients; 51 were carcinoma of the bladder, and the next most common was renal cell carcinoma (n = 15). Definitive diagnoses were made in 68 patients and an abnormality was noted in 9 other patients after the day case workup. The day case diagnostic workup has led to highly selective use of computed tomography scans with high diagnostic yield; intravenous urography only added important diagnostic information, not available from the earlier workup, in 9 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Day case diagnostic service is a feasible arrangement. By combining ultrasonography and flexible cystoscopy, most carcinomas were diagnosed and abnormalities detected. Such a service enhances rapid completion of diagnostic workup, and operations for surgical conditions can be scheduled more promptly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Emergency cervical cerclage: a study between duration of cerclage in situ with gestation at cerclage, herniation of forewater, and cervical dilatation at presentation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of emergency cerclage in prolonging pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy outcome in patients with cervical incompetence. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of patients who had emergency cervical cerclage performed for cervical incompetence. 19 patients between 16 and 30 weeks' gestation with (1) cervical effacement, (2) cervical dilatation of at least 1 cm, (3) herniation of intact fetal membranes through the cervical os, (4) absence of established labor, and (5) absence of clinical evidence of infection were studied. The duration of cerclage in situ, gestation at delivery and birth weight were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean duration of cerclage in situ was 47.5+/-48.6 days. The mean gestation at delivery was 30.5+/-6.6 weeks and the mean birth weight was 1730+/-1105 grams. The duration of cerclage in situ was significantly longer when the procedure was performed at or before 20 weeks' gestation (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.02), or when there had been no herniation of forewater (HFW) at the time of presentation (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gestation at cerclage and the presence of herniation of forewater (HFW) at presentation of cervical incompetence significantly affect the duration of emergency cerclage in situ.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of the duration of labor on postpartum postvoid residual bladder volume.

In order to investigate the possibility of protracted labor as a risk factor for postpartum urinary retention and to study the relation between duration of labor and postpartum day 1 postvoid residual bladder volume, the postpartum postvoid residual bladder volume (PVRBV) of a group of patients was studied using ultrasonography. Out of 707 patients investigated during a 2-month study period, a homogeneous group of 164 patients, with possible risk factors for postpartum urinary retention being controlled, was studied. The homogeneous group's postpartum day 1 postvoid residual bladder volumes were assessed by ultrasonography and analyzed with respect to the duration of labor. The incidence of postpartum urinary retention ( > or = 150 ml) was 11% in this homogeneous group. Labor duration longer than or equal to 800 min was associated with a higher incidence of postpartum urinary retention (chi2 test; p < 0.05). Moreover, there is a direct relationship between the duration of labor and PVRBV which is described by a quadratic regression curve. Protracted labor longer than or equal to 800 min is a risk factor for postpartum urinary retention. The PVRBV is directly related to the duration of labor.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Detecting postnatal depression in Chinese women. Validation of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the utility of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and measured the prevalence of major depression six weeks after confinement among Chinese women in Hong Kong. METHOD: A prospective cohort of 145 women completed the EPDS, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) six weeks after giving birth. They were then assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, non-patient version (SCID-NP) to establish psychiatric diagnosis. The criterion validity of EPDS was tested against this clinical diagnosis, and the concurrent validity against the GHQ and BDI scores was also evaluated. The internal consistency of the scales was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: The Chinese EPDS had satisfactory psychometric properties and a cut-off score of 9/10 is recommended for screening depressive illness in a general postnatal population. At six weeks postpartum, 5.5% of the study population suffered from major depression. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese EPDS will be useful for screening for postnatal depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cryptococcal prostatic abscess in an immunocompromised patient: a case report and review of the literature.

A case of cryptococcal prostatic abscess in a 65-year-old Chinese man with immunosuppression from treatment of myasthenia gravis is presented. The patient was diagnosed to have cryptococcaemia when he presented with fever and urinary symptoms. Further investigations confirmed cryptococcal meningitis and imaging studies showed a hypodense lesion in the prostate. This proved to be an abscess and it was deroofed transurethrally. Histology of the prostatic tissue revealed the presence of Cryptococcus. The prostate can be a site of persistent cryptococcal infection and may take the form of an abscess. It should be drained transurethrally to prevent relapse.

Abscess↗
PubMed1998

Parvovirus B19-associated hydrops fetalis: the first confirmed case in Hong Kong.

We describe a case of asymptomatic human parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy that led to hydrops fetalis and foetal death. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of parvovirus B19-specific IgM antibodies in the maternal serum and the pathognomonic findings, which showed intranuclear eosinophilic viral inclusions and margination of chromatin in foetal cells of haemopoietic lineage. Details of clinical, virological, and histological findings are presented. Difficulties in confirming the diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection in Hong Kong are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Outpatient treatment of middle and lower ureteric stones: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy.

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the treatment of middle and lower ureteric stones. From January 1996 to March 1997, 61 patients treated by URSL and 49 patients treated by ESWL were studied, both were conducted as outpatient procedures. URSL using Holmium laser and semirigid ureteroscope (Fr.8.5) performed under general anaesthesia had single session stone clearance rates of 100% and 95% for middle and lower stones respectively. There were 6 complications including 5 readmissions (2 febrile episodes, 2 severe pain spells, and 1 stent migration) and 1 stricture formation. ESWL using the Dornier MFL 5000 lithotriptor had a single session success rate of 51% and overall success rate of 78% after retreatment (retreatment rate 35%). No significant complication or readmission was noted. Seventy-two per cent of patients required intravenous fentanyl for pain control. The efficiency quotients calculated for the URSL group and the ESWL group were 97% and 58% respectively. In summary, in the treatment of middle and lower ureteric calculi, ESWL carries reasonable success rate, especially with retreatment; and minimal morbidity. On the other hand, URSL is highly effective in rapidly clearing the stones, a low risk of complication is noted. Both can be conducted as an outpatient treatment modality.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A randomized prospective study of laparoscopy and laparotomy in the management of benign ovarian masses.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the results of laparoscopy with laparotomy in the management of ovarian masses not suspected to be malignant. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective randomized study 102 patients requiring surgical management of ovarian masses were randomly assigned to laparoscopy (52) or laparotomy (50) in a teaching hospital from July 1994 to September 1995. Inclusion criteria was tumor not suspected to be malignant with a diameter of < or = 10 cm as measured by ultrasonography. All operations were performed by trainees under the supervision of an experienced surgeon. Statistical analysis included t tests and chi2 tests. RESULTS: There were no differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups nor any difference in the size of ovarian masses, adnexal adhesion score, or frequency of bilateral disease. All the ovarian masses were benign. Endometriotic cysts and dermoid cysts were the most common disorder in the two groups. Cystectomy was performed in > 70% of cases in each group. Operating time was not increased with the laparoscopic approach, and the frequency of inadvertent rupture of the ovarian masses was just as high as in laparotomy. The laparoscopic approach was associated with a significant reduction in operative morbidity (odds ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.88), postoperative pain and analgesic requirement, hospital stay, and recovery period. Patients in general were satisfied with the operation, but significantly more patients were satisfied with the laparoscopy scar. CONCLUSION: Operative laparoscopy should replace laparotomy in the management of benign ovarian masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A study on prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean sections--is it worthwhile?

BACKGROUND: To study the effect of single-dose prophylactic Augmentin on patients undergoing cesarean section. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Three hundred and twenty women undergoing cesarean section were randomized into two groups in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. One hundred and sixty women were allocated to receive a single-dose of 1.2 g Augmentin at induction of anesthesia and 160 were allocated to a control group who received placebo. The following post-cesarean outcome parameters were compared between the two groups: duration of hospital stay, febrile morbidity, urine microscopy, bacteriuria, endometritis, and wound infection. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the duration of post-operative hospital stay or the incidence of febrile morbidity, endometritis, and wound infection. However, the study group had fewer post-operative abnormalities in urine microscopy (p < 0.05) and bacteriuria (p < 0.01). The bacterial flora were also different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Single-dose prophylactic Augmentin did not produce any clinically significant improvement in the post-operative course of patients undergoing cesarean section. If proper surgical techniques are followed in association with closed rectus sheath drainage, it is unlikely that any trial of antibiotics will be able to demonstrate any clinically significant outcome.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1997

Urinary retention in the post-partum period. The relationship between obstetric factors and the post-partum post-void residual bladder volume.

OBJECTIVE: The three objectives of this study are: to investigate the incidence of post-partum urinary retention after vaginal delivery, to investigate the relationship between various obstetric parameters and the post-partum post-void residual bladder volume and to study the natural progression of the post-void residual bladder volume in patients with covert post-partum urinary retention. METHODS: Women who had a vaginal delivery (n = 691) in a teaching hospital during a 2-month period were studied. They were classified into three groups: normal patients, those with overt urinary retention, and covert urinary retention. Their day 1 post-partum post-void residual bladder volume were recorded and analyzed with respect to the obstetric parameters. Patients with covert retention were followed up daily with ultrasound to monitor their post-void residual volume. RESULTS: The incidences of overt and covert retention in our unit were 4.9% and 9.7%, respectively. The overall incidence of post-partum urinary retention after vaginal delivery was 14.6%. The duration of the first and second stages of labor were significantly associated with the post-partum post-void residual bladder volume. In all patients with covert retention, their post-void residual volume returned to normal within 4 days. CONCLUSION: Post-partum urinary retention is a common phenomenon that may be related to the process of parturition. Covert retention is a self-limiting phenomenon and specific treatment is unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study on the effect of oral oestradiol on acute menopausal symptoms.

Acute menopausal symptoms occur less frequently in Asian than in Caucasian women. Oestrogen replacement therapy has been shown to be effective in controlling acute symptoms in Caucasians, but the effect of oestrogens is not well documented in Asian women. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effect of oral oestradiol on the incidence of acute menopausal symptoms was conducted in 83 Hong Kong Chinese women who had experienced a surgical menopause. Although there was a significant increase in the oestradiol concentration with treatment compared with placebo (P < 0.001), there were no significant differences in the reporting of symptoms between the treatment and placebo groups. There is no obvious explanation for this apparent lack of effect of oestrogen on acute menopausal symptoms in Chinese women. Whilst it may be related to the generally low incidence of symptoms or to a higher dietary intake of phytoestrogens in Chinese women, further studies are necessary to explain these findings.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

The prevalence of urinary dysfunction in Hong Kong Chinese women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of urinary dysfunction in Hong Kong Chinese women. METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted in the territory of Hong Kong. The subjects were a sample of women between the ages of 10 and 90 years. The main outcome determined was the prevalence of urinary dysfunction. RESULTS: We made 3248 calls, resulting in 819 evaluable responses. Stress incontinence was reported by 21% (174) of respondents, urgency or urge incontinence in 15% (120), urinary frequency in 19% (154), nocturia in 20% (166), bed-wetting in 4% (31), and voiding difficulties in 13% (109). Stress incontinence occurred as the only symptom in 7% (53), the combination of urgency and frequency in 1% (11), and mixed symptoms in 6% (52). Four percent required protective underwear or pads, with 2% wearing protective underwear continuously; 4% were incapacitated by their incontinence. Symptoms of urgency, urge incontinence, frequency, and nocturia increased with increasing age, but voiding difficulties and nocturnal enuresis were unrelated to age. Stress incontinence, urgency, urge incontinence, frequency, nocturia, and voiding difficulties increased with increasing parity to para 4. CONCLUSION: Urinary dysfunction and its patterns appear to be as common and incapacitating in Hong Kong Chinese as they are in other populations.

Adolescent↗