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Biomedical subjects

S Müller

Publications and source records attributed to S Müller.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effect of uremia on lymphocyte transformation and chemiluminescence by spleen cells of normal and Cryptococcus neoformans-infected mice.

The effect of uremia on immune incompetence was studied. BALB/c mice were infected with a minimally virulent strain of Cryptococcus neoformans 6 weeks before immune assay. Uremia was induced by intramuscular injection of 0.15 ml of glycerol. Pooled spleen cells from four experimental groups (normal, uremic, infected, and infected and uremic) were assayed by lymphocyte transformation (LT) and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) 24 h after induction of uremia. A greater response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A stimulation in tests of LT and CL was exhibited by uremic cells than by nonuremic cells; however, the presence of BALB/c uremic serum resulted in lower responses by both LT and CL. Infected mice showed a greater response to mitogens than did noninfected mice, but no significant stimulation in response to heat-killed whole cells of C. neoformans. Spleen cell populations of uremic mice had a lower viability and a different composition of spleen cell subpopulations than did cell preparations from nonuremic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Moxalactam and cefotaxime--two new beta-lactam antibiotics compared with three well-known cephalosporins].

This study compares the minimum inhibitory concentrations of moxalactam and cefotaxime, two beta-lactam-antibiotics, with those of cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefazolin for 523 gram-positive and -negative strains. Moxalactam and cefotaxime inhibit nearly all clinically important Enterobacteriaceae at concentrations less than 0.05 microgram/ml. Cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefazolin suppress bacterial growth at about 5--10 times higher concentrations. All strains of Pseudomonas are normally resistant to those three established cephalosporins, but about 60% are susceptible to 32 micrograms/ml of cefotaxime and moxalactam, a concentration which falls below achievable serum levels however does not exhibit any therapeutical effect. Against Staphylococcus aureus cefazolin is the most effective of all antibiotics tested (MIC 0.125--1 microgram/ml), cefotaxime appears to be somewhat less active (MIC 2--4 micrograms/ml), and a minimum of 8 micrograms/ml of moxalactam is needed to prevent bacterial growth. Streptococcus faecalis seems to be resistant to 128 micrograms/ml of moxalactam whereas the effect of cefotaxime is quite different. After transfers of Enterobacteriaceae on media containing cefotaxime or moxalactam a striking decrease of susceptibility sometimes occurs.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

Changes of CSF-protein pattern in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during prophylactic CNS therapy (Berlin protocol).

The cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)-protein profiles of ten children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The profiles were determined at diagnosis and during the fifth to eighth week of treatment when preventive therapy for central nervous system (CNS) leukemia (skull irradiation, intrathecal methotrexate (ithMTX) was administered. The profiles were compared with those obtained from a control group of 67 children and those from 42 patients with acute aseptic meningitis. The data from the latter group demonstrated the CSF-protein pattern of partial blood-CSF barrier (B-CSF-B) breakdown. The children with ALL showed no or only minor signs of a B-CSF-B impairment at diagnosis and after four weeks of systemic treatment. However, CSF changes indicative of a lesion of the B-CSF-B increased in all children continuously during CNS prophylaxis. The protein profile at the end of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy was very similar to that in patients with acute aseptic meningitis. These observations point to neurotoxic side effects on the CNS barrier system with the combination of cranial radiation and ithMTX. A striking finding was restricted heterogeneity of gamma-globulin, observed in the CSF of nine out of the ten children with ALL before or during treatment. The significance of this abnormality is unknown.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Studies of cellular mediated immunity in malignant melanoma patients by Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test.

Sixteen malignant melanoma patients with different levels of tumor progression, two patients with melanoma in situ (Clark 10 two bronchogenic carcinoma patients and nine healthy controls were tested by means of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test to assess the function of their cellular mediated immunity. Blood leukocytes were incubated with allogeneic melanoma-associated antigen obtained from potassium chloride extract of tumor cells. Fifteen malignant melanoma patients with clinical stage I-III (Clark level 2-5) showed positive LAI-reaction when leukocytes were tested with melanoma associated antigen. Leukocyte adherence inhibition was neither monitored in healthy controls, in patients with melanoma in situ, nor in those two patients with squamous and oat cell type bronchogenic carcinoma. Extracts prepared from normal skin showed no inhibitive effect on leukocyte adherence in malignant melanoma patients and controls. A decreased percentage of LAI was observed in malignant melanoma patients with disseminated disease due to an increased spontaneous leukocyte adherence in these patients. This increase in spontaneous leukocyte adherence was probably caused by non-specific activation of adherent cells (macrophages) as a result of the prolonged therapy and/or the progressive tumor levels in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Influence of dextran polymer particles (Sephadex G-200) on humoral immune responses.

Dextran polymer particles (Sephadex G-200) mixed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into mice and the number of antibody-forming cells in spleen and antibody titers in sera were determined. Antibody formation following the first and the booster immunization to BSA was enhanced to a similar degree by Sephadex G-200 and incomplete Freund's adjuvant. When SRBC were injected in a suboptimal dose of 5X10(6) cells, Sephadex G-200 enhanced the maximum of the primary immune response. In contrast, the polymer inhibited the primary and secondary immune response when 5X10(8) SRBC were given.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Simultaneous determination of E-, EAC- und D-rosette-forming cells in peripheral blood of healthy individuals (author's transl)].

By the aid of four different indicator systems E-, EAC- and D-rosette-forming cells in human peripheral blood were investigated. It was demonstrated, that the indicator system consisting of sheep red blood cells and complement-conjugated zymosan particles is the most effectively. Approximately, 60% of lymphocytes form E- and approximately, 13-15% EAC-rosettes. Besides T- and B-lymphocytes in all donors of blood were detected so-called D-lymphocytes. The number of D-lymphocytes ranged from 0,5% to 7%. D-lymphocytes are heterogeneous, evaluated by the number of fixed T- and B-indicator cells on their surface.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Experience obtained from intra-uterine foetal transfusion to cope with severe rhesus-caused haemolytic disease of foetus - ten-year report (author's transl)].

Sixty-three intra-uterine transfusions were applied to 44 foetuses with foetohaemolytic disease, in Rostock, between 1967 and 1976. Patients were selected for treatment by means of stepwise prenatal diagnosis. Details of that selection are described together with the technique of intra-uterine transfusion, with reference being made also to risks and complications. The survival rate of children, following intra-uterine transfusion, accounted for 41 per cent. The survival rate of non-hydropic foetuses was 76 per cent and thus much beyond that of hydropic foetuses of whom only 19 per cent survived. While the incidence of severe foetohaemolytic disease due to blood-group incompatibility is on a declining trend, intra-uterine foetal transfusion should be maintained as a possible therapy for certain cases.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

[Quantitative studies of layer III pyramidal cells of the cingulate cortex of the rat].

The dendritic tree and the spine distribution at layer III pyramidal cells of the cingulate cortex in three months old male rats were evaluated quantitatively with Golgi-Kopsch impregnated brains. The analysed pyramidal cells were classified into three groups as to different lengths of their apical main dendrites. The spine values for a basal individual dendritic field show significant differences between these three groups. The layer III pyramidal neurons of the cingulate cortex exhibit on an average a total length of the dendrites of 2253 micron with a total 1507 visible spines. The total average of spines on the apical main dendrites amounts to 0,57 spines per micron, the average length of the apical main dendrites amounts to 217 micron. The apical values of spine densities are smaller than that of the basal values. The basal dendritic tree is more branched and exhibit a higher total length of the dendritic branches than that of the apical dendritic tree. The apical and basal differences as to spine densities and lengths of the dendritic branches results in an equality as to the total number of apical and basal spines per neuron. The values of the cingulate layer III pyramidal cells are smaller by comparison with those of the striate area. These results are closely related to the number of afferent terminations in both regions.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Clinical aspects of myocarditis--symptomatology, diagnosis and pathogenesis].

On the basis of newer knowledge from literature in a survey aspects of symptomatology, diagnostics and course of the myocarditis important for practice are represented. According to the frequency of the virus myocarditis is referred to the importance of immunopathogenetic factors for prognosis and course. Own experiences confirm the transition from an acute myocarditis into a chronic cardiomyopathy which was observed by various investigators. In a 17-year-old female patient the development of a congestive cardiomyopathy after acute myocarditis could be pursued for several years. After-examination of 58 patients after acute myocarditis resulted after 3 years in 62% in cardiac residual symptoms, in which cases anamnestic data and objective findings of the examination well correlated. In 14 patients (24.1%) chronic recidivating courses were found. The importance of the biopsy of the endomyocardium for the diagnostics and differential diagnostics of cardiomyopathies is represented at the instance of a 20-year-old male with subacute rheumatic myocarditis who was hospitalised on account of symptoms of a left heart insufficiency, enlargement of the heart and a picture of a left hypertrophy in the ECG. Bioptically was found a hypertrophy with formation of a large nucleus. After 1 1/2 years clinical improvement and normalisation of size of the heart and ECG. The control biopsy now resulted in normal findings of the heart.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Effects of cadmium on the immune system of mice.

Chronic oral exposure of mice to Cd++ inhibits cell-mediated immunity of delayed type hypersensitivity induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). No effect was detected on humoral immune response to SRBC. Spleen cells derived from mice exposed to Cd++ showed in vitro enhanced response to T and B cell mitogens. These results demonstrate that Cd++ exposure alters the immune system of mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Wilms' tumor and adrenocortical carcinoma with hemihypertrophy and hamartomas.

A girl with hemihypertrophy and hamartomas, now 14 years old, had Wilms' tumor and subsequently developed adrenocortical carcinoma. The occurrence of the two tumors with the signs of an inborn defect of growth control supports the hypothesis that both tumors can be caused by the same etiologic factors, which are also teratogenic. An alternative explanation of induction of the second tumor by previous radio- and chemotherapy is discussed. Possible relationships between our case and the syndrome of Wiedemann and Beckwith are pointed out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The age-dependent effect of caffeine on the plasma noradrenaline content in white mice.

The level of noradrenaline (NA) in the plasma of white mice, determined radioenzymatically as described by Henry et al. changes with age. In 45 days old animals NA in plasma is 10.3 +/- 4.4 ng/ml, whereas in 220 days old animals it was found to be 22.7 +/- 8.8 ng/ml. In 45 days old animals NA in plasma is increased 30 min after caffeine (45 microgram/g) significantly to 109% of control level, whereas in the older animals it is raised insignificantly (14%). The observed NA increase in plasma with increasing age might be a compensatory reaction due to diminished sensibility of the postsynaptic adrenergic receptors to NA. The explanation for the missing raise in NA plasma level after caffeine in adult mice might be the following: Calcium ions are indispensable for the release of NA by nerve impulses and the stimulation of presynaptic beta-receptors of noradrenergic neurons by NA contributes to facilitations of NA release. As in older animals under physiological conditions the release of NA is higher than in young animals it can be assumed that in the older ones the NA release from sympathetic neurons stimulated by caffeine cannot be further enhanced since the calcium receptors are fully occupied by released calcium ions and the presynaptic beta-receptors by released NA molecules.

Aging↗