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Biomedical subjects

S Rössner

Publications and source records attributed to S Rössner.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clonidine in mild to moderate hypertension: effects on blood pressure and serum lipoproteins.

Fifty-nine patients with primary hypertension, WHO stages I and II, participated in a 6-month multicentre, single-blind study to evaluate the effects of small doses of clonidine (75-300 micrograms daily) on blood pressure (BP) and serum lipoproteins. The investigation started with a dose-titration period. The mean BP values when the patients were receiving placebo were 166/104 +/- 14/5 (s.d.) mmHg supine and 162/106 +/- 14/6 mmHg standing. The mean BP values at the end of the study were 151/92 +/- 13/6 mmHg supine and 144/95 +/- 11/6 mmHg standing. A diastolic BP of less than 95 mmHg was achieved in 34 patients with a dose of less than 150 micrograms clonindine daily. Eight patients required a higher dose to achieve this level and in 10 a thiazide diuretic was added. The mean daily dose for the whole series was 148 micrograms clonindine/day. Serum lipoproteins were determined by ultracentrifugation in 23 previously untreated patients with hypertension. Serum cholesterol increased by 6% and a small decrease in low density lipoprotein-serum triglycerides (LDL-TG) was registered. No other significant changes were observed during clonidine treatment compared with placebo in the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Adverse side effects were mild and tolerable, and consisted mostly of dryness of the mouth and fatigue. mouth and fatigue. It is concluded that clonidine in small doses significantly lowers the BP with no adverse effect on serum lipoproteins.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

Personality traits in a group of severely obese patients: a study of patients in two self-chosen weight reducing programs.

The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) test, were used in 98 obese patients. Both female and male patients showed higher scores in Somatic anxiety, Muscular tension, Impulsiveness, Monotony avoidance and lower scores in Socialization when compared to control groups for each sex. The obese patients were given the choice of treatment with either a combined behavioural modification program or jaw fixation. These groups differed significantly with regard to Psychasthenia, with higher scores in those who chose behavioural treatment, and to Monotony avoidance with higher scores in those who chose jaw fixation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between lipoproteins including HDL subfractions and the intravenous fat tolerance test.

There is a positive relationship between the HDL cholesterol concentration and the fractional removal rate k2 of intravenously administered Intralipid, the intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT). This relationship was analysed in 22 female and 20 male healthy normolipoproteinaemic volunteers with regard to HDL subfractions. A positive correlation between the IVFTT k2 value and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.40, P less than 0.05) was confirmed. The k2-HDL2 cholesterol relationship was strong and positive (r = 0.56, P less than 0.001), whereas the correlation between HDL3 cholesterol and k2 was negative (r = -0.37, P less than 0.05). These findings extend other observations indicating that HDL2 seems to be the HDL fraction, directly associated with removal of TG-rich particles from the circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Serum lipoproteins and proteins after breast cancer surgery and effects of tamoxifen.

Serum proteins and lipoproteins were determined in 23 menopausal females after surgery for early forms of breast cancer and the results compared with data from a matched group of randomly selected healthy females. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, one serving as a control group, the other receiving 40 mg tamoxifen daily for 2 months. Breast cancer patients were found to have significantly higher concentrations of serum cholesterol than controls (7.90 +/- 1.15 vs. 6.87 +/- 1.18 mmol/l, P less than 0.001), which was the result of a 16% higher concentration in LDL cholesterol (P less than 0.05) and a 13% higher concentration in HDL cholesterol (P less than 0.05). During tamoxifen therapy total TG tended to increase, whereas total cholesterol fell. Significant lipoprotein changes were found in the LDL fraction where LDL-TG increased from 0.46 to 0.56 (P less than 0.01) and LDL cholesterol fell from 5.11 to 4.10 mmol/l (P less than 0.001). During tamoxifen therapy haptoglobin and orosomucoid concentrations fell significantly (P less than 0.01), whereas those of alpha-antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin increased (P less than 0.001). Factors such as diet and weight may explain the differences between breast cancer patients and controls. The tamoxifen-induced changes indicate that this anti-oestrogen exerted a mild oestrogen-like effect with regard to protein and lipoprotein metabolism.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Therapeutic and metabolic effects of sotalol.

In a single-blind, randomized study, the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of sotalol, 40 to 160 mg/day, in six patients with mild essential hypertension were compared to those of placebo at rest and during submaximal dynamic exercise. Resting blood pressure was controlled by sotalol but not the pressor response to exercise, despite reduction of tachycardia. The major metabolic finding on sotalol was an approximately 40% decrease in lipid mobilization during exercise. Alterations in muscle lactate concentrations were much like those caused by other beta-blockers. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were doubled during exercise on sotalol, epinephrine disposition more so. No effects on serum lipoproteins were observed after 6 wk on sotalol in therapeutic doses. Despite its special electrophysiologic properties, sotalol appears to induce the same cardiovascular and metabolic changes during exercise as do other beta-blockers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with early primary biliary cirrhosis.

In twelve females with early forms of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) serum lipoproteins, the intravenous fat tolerance test ( IVFTT ) and the lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) rate were determined and compared to healthy controls. The cholestatic LDL (LP-X) test was negative in all cases. PBC patients had lower very low density lipoprotein TG concentrations than controls and had levels of (high-density lipoprotein) HDL-TG, -cholesterol and -phospholipids that were about 50% higher than in controls. In PBC the HDL2-cholesterol concentration was double but the HDL3-cholesterol concentration was 60% of control values (P less than 0.001 for both). The LCAT rate and the IVFTT value did not differ between the groups. A typical finding on agarose gel electrophoresis was the appearance of a slow-moving alpha-band. Several interpretations of these results are possible. In PBC the hepatic lipase activity may be impaired leading to a shift of the HDL2/HDL3 relation. The transport of HDL2 to the liver lipase site may also be affected and HDL3 production reduced due to malabsorption in the intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Long-term effects of jaw fixation in severe obesity.

Weight-loss pattern was analysed in 26 grossly overweight patients after jaw fixation. During a mean fixation time of seven months (range 1.5 to 18 months), mean weight loss in females was 19.3 +/- 5.8 kg (s.d.) and in males 30.0 +/- 22.0 kg. Two years after fixation, mean weight loss in women was 13.8 +/- 8.3 kg. In some cases the jaws were not wired but were covered with plastic splints, which seemed to help these patients in their decision to reduce energy intake. A psychiatric follow-up revealed that most patients reported moderate psychiatric symptoms during treatment. Patients reporting that they ate for consolation tended to regain weight after fixation, whereas patients not reporting this eating pattern continued to lose weight. In selected cases, jaw fixation may be used as an initiating method to institute weight loss. After removal of the fixation, other methods must be available to prevent weight regain.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of glycerol addition to diet in weight-reducing clubs.

As a weight-losing adjunct, 7.5 g glycerol in a 25 per cent solution was administered before meals to members of a commercial weight-reducing club. The same amount of glucose served as placebo. Members were randomly given either solution for six weeks. Body weight and hunger ratings were recorded weekly. Thirty-one members completed the study. Initial mean body weight was 77.5 +/- 12.9 (s.d.) kg corresponding to a Broca index of 1.16 +/- 0.18. Members on glycerol lost 4.1 +/- 2.2 kg and those on glucose lost 3.2 +/- 2.4 kg (n.s.). At the onset of the meal, plasma glycerol concentration was about ten times above baseline values. The study extends previous observations made in smaller groups that glycerol does not improve weight loss in subjects on a hypocaloric diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Serum creatine kinase in obese subjects before and during weight reduction.

Obese subjects are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease manifestations. The CK value is an important aid in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, but may also be increased by factors such as muscle mass or breakdown of muscle tissue. We analysed CK values in 120 obese patients in our Obesity Unit and also monitored CK values during a weight reduction programme in 26 of these patients. CK values did not increase with body weight, and during weight loss in a diet programme no systematic CK changes were observed. We conclude that in the evaluation of an elevated CK value in a coronary care unit, such an increased value cannot be accounted for by the overweight per se.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Atenolol and metoprolol: comparison of effects on blood pressure and serum lipoproteins, and side effects.

Several beta-blockers increase VLDL-TG and decrease HDL-cholesterol concentrations. The underlying mechanism is not yet clear. Some studies have suggested that the effect is less pronounced during treatment with selective beta-blockers. The effects of 2 such drugs, metoprolol 200 mg/day and atenolol 50 mg/day, have been compared in 50 hypertensive patients (WHO Stage I-II), mean age 47 years. Serum lipoproteins were determined in 20 patients before treatment and after treatment with either drug for 3 months. Both drugs were equally effective in reducing blood pressure. After atenolol the initial VLDL-cholesterol concentration of 1.04 mmol/l had not changed, but it rose to 1.29 mmol/l after metoprolol (p less than 0.05). The HDL-cholesterol concentration 1.42 mmol/l did not fall during atenolol treatment, but during metoprolol there was a small reduction to 1.31 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). Hyperlipoproteinaemia is common in hypertensive patients, 40% of the present group had hypertriglyceridaemia and 25% had hypercholesterolaemia. Thus, atenolol 50 mg was found not to affect lipoproteins, whereas metoprolol 200 mg increased the VLDL concentration in 75% of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Interrelations between lipoprotein and the elimination of exogenous triglycerides from the circulation in intensive care patients.

The interrelations between the fractional turnover rate (k2) of exogenous triglycerides from the circulation and the serum lipoproteins have been studied in 34 intensive care patients who were classified into two groups depending on the severity of the clinical condition. Group I included 13 patients in relatively good clinical condition after elective surgery and Group II consisted of 21 critically ill patients. The k2 values were increased in Group I while Group II patients had K2 values similar to healthy male controls. Low concentrations of total serum TG, VLDL-TG and total serum cholesterol were found in Group I and LDL-TG was raised more than threefold and HDL cholesterol decreased by over 50 percent in Group II. In both groups the cholesterol/TG ratio in VLDL was higher than that of the controls. The negative correlations between K2, total serum TG and VLDL-TG in controls were also found in Group I. In contrast to the control group a positive correlation between K2 and the cholesterol/TG ratio in VLDL was found in Group I, whereas the only correlations found in Group II were between K2 and the concentration of both total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. There was no correlation with HDL lipids in any of the groups. Qualitative changes in the lipoprotein composition and altered characteristics in the tissues which remove Intralipid particles from the circulation may be responsible for many of the changes observed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Effects of dietary fiber intake before meals on weight loss and hunger in a weight-reducing club.

The effects of dietary fiber on subjective hunger ratings and weight losses were studied in 135 members of a weight loss club. After a run-in week, 100 members were randomly given one sachet of either bran or ispaghula granulate before meals for two weeks. Thirty-five controls only rated hunger. One hundred and eight members completed the trial: 23 controls, 45 on ispaghula and 40 on bran. No change in hunger ratings was found in the controls. Both fiber preparations lowered hunger ratings during weeks 2 and 3 compared to the run-in week. Ratings were similarly reduced at all meals. The mean (+/- SD) weight reductions during the trial were 4.6 +/- 2.7 kg for the controls, 4.2 +/- 3.2 kg for the ispaghula group and 4.6 +/- 2.3 kg for the bran group (p greater than 0.05 for all). In spite of recent changes in the diet towards food rich in dietary fibers, addition of extra dietary fiber immediately before meals reduced hunger feelings but had no effect on weight reduction.

Adolescent↗