[Bacteriological diagnosis of meningococcal infections in children from autopsy material].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
V A Tsinzerling
Publications and source records attributed to V A Tsinzerling.
[Pathogenetic and pathomorphological problems of viral-bacterial associations in children dying of meningococcal infection].
The information on 63 children dying from hypertoxic forms of meningococcal infection is presented. Four groups of brain damage by respiratory viruses (RV) are distinguished on the basis of the results of morphological and virological examination: 1) with a recent RV generalization (26 cases); 2) with dissemination of an etiological agent but without clear-cut structural changes (6 cases); 3) with an isolated affection of the brain (13 cases); 4) without clear-cut brain damage. Experimental influenza-meningococcal infection was reproduced in 260 white rats. Enhancement of the animal death rate, multiplication of virus and the degree of brain damage in cases of combined action of both etiological agents is demonstrated. The ability of influenza virus, when inoculated intranasally together with meningococcus, to penetrate and to multiply in the brain provoking meningitis and choroiditis is shown virologically, histologically and electron microscopically.
Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
[Current problems in the pathological anatomy of acute neuroinfections in children].
The analysis of the autopsy material of children dying from acute neuroinfections in a specialized department of the Research Institute of Children's Infections from 1954 to 1984 is presented. The increase of the importance of hypertoxic forms of meningococcal infection, purulent meningoencephalitis (particularly those of pneumococcal etiology) as well as acute viral encephalitis (particularly herpetic ones) is noted at present. The results of the materials studied by the author from 182 children dying of those infections at the period from 1971 to 1984, the problems of their patho- and tanatogenesis are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the necessity of considering the type of an etiological agent, its properties, the features of tissue response and those of the immunological resistance in the brain for the diagnosis and epicritic assessment of acute neuroinfections.
Acute Disease↗
[Chronic isolated brain lesions caused by respiratory viruses in children].
Combined study of 48 postmortem observations of cerebral lesions caused mainly by meningococcal infection in children was carried out. In 15 cases, isolated subclinical involvement of the brain (more frequently, of the vascular plexus and meninges) caused by influenza A viruses (8 cases), B (2 cases), adenoviruses (6), parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus (1 each), and chlamydia (2) was found. This was proved by the presence of the appropriate antigens in the brain revealed by immunofluorescence which were absent in respiratory organs, high titres of antibody to the same agents in the cerebrospinal fluid which were lacking in 13 cases or had significantly low titres in 2 cases in the blood, virus isolation from the brain (2 cases) and detection of virus particles in 1 out of 2 cases from which the vascular plexus was examined by electron microscopy. Histological examination of the affected areas revealed structural changes of ependymocytes which were principally similar to those described in respiratory organs as well as in other organs in cases of generalization of respiratory infections. Different degrees of sclerosis of vascular plexus (2 cases) or meninges (2 cases) were also observed.
Adolescent↗
[Brain lesions in children with para-influenza].
An analysis of 1274 autopsy protocols of children parainfluenza was revealed as the main disease in 73 and as a concomitant disease in 107 cases, not infrequently as a generalized infection. In 13 observations a detailed study of the brain was performed. In 4 cases the involvement of the brain consisted mainly in cushion-like outgrowth of ependymocytes and endotheliocytes of the blood vessels. In 1 case a comprehensive analysis revealed isolated meningoencephalitis induced by type 3 parainfluenza virus. Besides, hemodynamic disorders and the nonspecific changes of moderate intensity were found. In 8 children only these nonspecific changes were detected.
Acute Disease↗
[Experimental model of respiratory mycoplasmosis].
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Animals↗
[Mycoplasma meningoencephalitis and encephalomyelitis in children].
The authors report of some results of clinico-morphological studies in generalized mycoplasmic infections in 7 babies, who died from meningoencephalitis and encephalomyelitis. Morphological studies of the CNS demonstrated not only structural tissue changes, but permitted to detect the agent-mycoplasma. A clinical diagnosis of mycoplasmic lesions of the nervous system is of certain difficulty due to the polymorphism of neurological signs. The clinical picture of the nervous system affection consisted of disorders of cortical functions in combination with the pathology of the subcortical structures, disorders in the brain stem and the spinal cord. The initial symptom of the nervous system affection in 5 cases was a convulsive syndrome, in 2--bulbar disorders. The authors give some data testifying to a possibility of an intrauterine lesion of the CNS.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
[Changes in the central nervous system in acute viral respiratory infections and in respiratory mycoplasmosis].
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Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
[Role of viral-bacterial associations in meningitis in children].
A total of 50 section cases of meningitis in children were investigated. All patients revealed acute viral respiratory infections with generalization, including lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). In 14 children moreover meningococcal infection was diagnosed. In 30 children lesions of the CNS were due to mixed bacterial microflora. In 6 children along with acute viral respiratory infections (AVRI) mycoplasmosis was also revealed. Etiology of the process was determined on the basis of characteristic structural changes in the CNS and other organs, findings of virological and bacteriological investigations. In the majority of children the intravascular blood coagulation was observed. Waterhouse-Friderichsen's syndrome was revealed mainly in meningococcal infection. In order to ascertain the data obtained case records of 120 children, who had undergone treatment in connection with meningococcal infection, were analysed. It turned out that all 42 children, who had developed this disease independently, recovered. Combination of the disease with AVRI led to fatal outcomes in 12 cases out of 72.
Acute Disease↗
[Lesions of the central nervous system in adenovirus infections].
The investigation of the central nervous system in generalized adenoviral infection in two children showed the presence in large nuclei of the nerve cells of hyperchromic inclusions containing the antigen of adenovirus. This testifies to the possibility of developing encephalites caused by respiratory viruses.
Adenoviridae Infections↗
[Pathogenetic and morphological characteristics of acute inflammation of the central nervous system].
Virus, bacteria, mycoplasma, protozoa can be the causes of acute neuroinfections. The agents can penetrate into the brain by blood, nerve, lymphatic vessels, from the sinuses directly. Peculiarities of manifestations of acute neuroinfections depend on the agent tropism to receptors of nervous cell and specificity of brain immunoreactivity. The brain injuries can be induced by microorganism action or through immunopathologic processes. Dynamics of morphological changes in acute neuroinfections of different etiology are summarized. Histological, cytological, bacteriological, serological, immunofluorescent, histochemical methods are evaluated. Acute neuroinfection pathogenesis has many unresolved problems.
Animals↗
[Chronic and slow neuroinfections. Current status of problem].
Some causes and conditions of chronic and slow neuroinfections were reviewed: brain immunological "priveledge"; congenital immunodeficiencies including clinically latent; immunomodulation induced by microorganisms due to infection of immune cells, inactivation of cytokines making difficulties to antibodies; disorders of genetic control of immune reaction; immunopathologic processes are of great importance for the agents persistence including autoimmunity. Microorganisms can locate in the neurons, glyocytes, endothelium. Neuroinfections chronic course depends on the agents properties and peculiarities of nervous system reactivity.
Bacterial Infections↗
[Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of primary brain lymphomas in AIDS patients].
Primary lymphomas of the brain were studied in 6 AIDS patients. The lymphomas were characterized by multicentricity, extended necroses and location in large hemispheres. Two types of tumor cell growth were recorded: diffuse and perivascular with vascular wall destruction. According to the International Histologic Classification (2001), these lymphomas were classified as diffuse B-cell large cell lymphomas subdivided into 3 variants: immunoblastic with plasma cell differentiation, centroblastic polymorphic and large cell anaplastic (by Kils classification criteria). Immunohistochemically (LMP-1) and by hybridization in situ (RNA EBER-1,2) Epstein-Barr virus was found in tumor cells from all the patients. In 5 of 6 cases studied expression of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 and in 2 cases expression of mutant p53 were revealed.
Adult↗
[Pathological anatomy of HIV infection according to data in Saint-Petersburg].
The results of postmortem investigation of 101 cases of HIV infection at its different stages in Saint-Petersburg are analyzed. The challenges to a pathologist performing the autopsy are discussed. There has been an increase in the number of deaths since 2000, among drug users in particular. Macrophacytic transformation and specific HIV-related encephalitis are among the most important changes directly associated with immunodeficiency virus. Among secondary infections, cryptococcosis, cytomegaly, pneumocystosis, and tuberculosis are most common and significant.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
[The role of intrauterine infection of the central nervous system with herpes simplex viruses in development of encephalopathies in infants].
Intrauterine infections often affect the infant brain and cause meningoencephalitis and long-term encephalopathy. In this study we have analysed morphological changes in different parts of CNS of 22 deceased infants who had suffered from encephalopathy of different degree due to persistence of herpes simplex viruses. Morphological, immunofluorescent, serological methods were used. Antigens of herpes simplex viruses I and/or II were detected in the CNS of most examinees. Relevant antibodies were detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Intrauterine infection was confirmed by the presence of specific for herpes simplex viruses morphological changes in the placentas. Hydrocephaly, secondary microencephaly, false cysts, microgyria were found macroscopically. There were herpes simplex viruses specific histological changes such as nuclear hyperchromatosis, intranuclear basophilic and acidophilic inclusions and nonspecific changes (gliosis, productive vasculitis). The data demonstrate that intrauterine herpes simplex viruses persistence in the CNS is an important cause of infantile encephalopathy, specific and nonspecific changes indicate a chronic course of the infection and depend on the degree of clinical symptoms.
Brain↗
[Clinical and molecular correlation between chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma induced by hepatitis B virus].
The role of X-gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV), telomerase gene, structural HBV proteins is considered. Both factors of the virus and those of the host are involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. The duration of chronic B hepatitis may influence mitogenic and mutagenic conditions for accumulation of occasional genetic and chromosomal damage and result in hepatocarcinoma development.
Animals↗
[Clinical and morphological characteristics of laryngeal papillomatosis in children].
Respiratory papillomatosis was studied clinically and morphologically in 35 children with immunohistochemical detection of human papilloma virus. More frequent detection of viral antigen in the superficial layers of the epithelium in children with frequent recurrences was observed. Correlation between clinical efficiency of prospidine and immunohistochemical findings was noted. Suggestion on the indirect link between viral damage and intranuclear inclusions (although viral antigen in these inclusion was not observed) was made.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
[Perinatal pathology in HIV-infection].
The analysis of the literature and that of own authors' data (structural changes in placenta, fetuses and deceased children) is given. Most typical changes associated with HIV infection (peculiar enlargement of the cells and changes in the size of the nuclei in the cells of different histogenesis) are described. The ways of perinatal infection, pathogenesis of intrauterine infection are discussed.
Female↗