On the basis of analysis of the histological structure of 1,095 polypoid and nonpolypoid tumors, the frequency of detection of "primary" carcinoma and its clinical and histological features were studied. It is shown that one third of pTI category carcinomas are devoid of signs of a preceding adenoma. Polypoid primary carcinomas account for only 15.8% of cases. The prevailing plaque-like, flat, and ulcerated tumors invade the submucous layer more frequently than malignancy adenomas of the corresponding size and produce metastases to the lymph nodes more frequently. The tumor develops against the background of precancerous and dysplastic changes in the epithelium in the nonpolypoid mucosa and in the adenomas. The indications for economical operations in primary carcinoma, in distinct from those in malignancy adenomas, should be determined with caution.

Colon, Sigmoid↗

PubMed1995

[Classification and terminology of malignant lung neoplasms (polemic aspects].

The article deals with the different aspects of classification in oncopulmonology. The authors introduce their correction and suggest to discuss in the form of polemics the clinico-anatomical systematization of malignant pulmonary tumors and the gradation of carcinoids, sarcomas, and small-cell carcinoma of the lung according to stages and the TNM system, and to systematize the operative interventions.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

[Reaction of lung tumor transplants to irradiation and platinum compounds in a subcapsule test].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Photodynamic therapy and fluorescent diagnosis of malignant tumors using preparation photogem].

From February, 1992 to May, 1993 photodynamic therapy (PDT) was applied at the State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine and the Moscow Scientific-Research Oncological Institute for the treatment of 60 patients with primary and metastatic malignant tumors of the breast, skin, respiratory and digestive organs, female reproductive organs, and urinary bladder. Forty-eight patients underwent one course of PDT, 11 patients received 2 courses, and one patient was given 3 courses. Russian-produced Photogem was used as the photosensitizer. It was infused intravenously 24, 48, or 72 hours before exposure to laser beam. The dose of Photogem ranged from 2.5 to 6.0 mg/kg. The density of laser radiation power during PDT sessions ranged from 100 to 1,600 mVt/cm2, energy exposure from 80 to 600 J/cm2, duration of irradiation from 3 to 45 minutes. After treatment the patients were studied in follow-up periods of 4 weeks to 17 months. Complete regression of the tumor verified morphologically was found in 62%, partial regression in 34%, and limited response or absence of an effect in 4% of cases. Fluorescent-diagnostic examination of patients was conducted at the Moscow Scientific-Research Oncological Institute. It demonstrated the reliability of this diagnostic method with the use of the preparation Photogem as the photosensitizer.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Laser scalpel in organ-preserving surgeries for early stages of breast cancer].

The work describes the peculiarities of radical resections of the breast with high-energy CO2 laser in the treatment of patients with early stages of breast carcinoma. The advantages of the laser scalpel are pointed out. Twenty radical operations were conducted for breast carcinoma with the use of a CO2 laser. The operation did not last longer practically, blood loss diminished by half (from 350 ml to 150 ml), and the wounds healed in the usual periods. Reduced pain sensitivity in the region of the wound was noted in the postoperative period. The study is continued.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Methods for increasing graft survival in esophagogastroplasty].

From their own clinical material the authors revealed that insufficient venous outflow was the main link in the pathogenesis of impaired viability of the pedicle formed from the greater curvature in esophagoplasty. This leads to circulatory disorders in the graft: venous hypertension of up to 34.4 +/- 2.3 cm inadequate perfusion of tissue, and secondary arterial hypotension below 40 mm Hg. The authors suggested an original pathogenetically substantiated method of esophagoplasty with a pedicle from the greater curvature of the stomach. Its essence consists in the creation of an additional venous outflow from the graft into the neck veins. Operations were performed on 55 patients with the formation of 70 intravenous anastomoses. The suggested method made it possible to form a longer graft and reduce considerably the number of necrotic complications in esophagoplasty. A reliable graft of sufficient length allowed the immediate and late-term results of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with esophageal carcinoma to be improved essentially.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Reconstructive-plastic operations using microsurgical techniques in oncology].

With the successful development of combined treatment of malignant tumors, the performance of organ-preserving operations, those with microsurgical techniques among others, is now possible. Ninety-five patients with various localization of the tumors were operated on. Esophagoplasty using a graft from the greater curvature of the stomach with venous shunting, and segmental esophagoplasty with the small intestine were conducted in 63 patients, plastics of the lower limb in 25 patients, and plastics of the organs of the head and neck in 7 patients. Vascular complications were encountered in 11.5%. The grafts healed completely in 93.7%. Preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the main complicating factors. Microsurgical techniques make it possible to expand the radicalism of the operations and improve the rehabilitation of oncological patients. Clear-cut indications for such operations must be taken properly into account.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1992

[The current status of the problem and the treatment possibilities in disseminated malignant neoplasms of the maxilla].

A study of the results of treatment of 170 patients makes a case for combined electrosurgical resection of the maxilla and local chemotherapy with deposited cytostatic drugs for localized malignant tumors of this site. No recurrences were detected within the first 12 months in 75.4% of patients and 52%--in control. Three-year survival in treated patients and controls was 67 and 48%, respectively.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1992

[The clinical assessment of the results of predicting individual sensitivity to adjuvant chemotherapy in lung tumors].

The value of subrenal capsule assay for predicting individual chemoresistance of tumor was evaluated using samples from 32 lung carcinomas. Treatment with drugs which had proved effective in the test was followed by a recurrence-free period of 15.5 +/- 3.7 months, as compared to 8.0 +/- 1.0 months for patients receiving ineffective drugs.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

[The potentials for the organ-preserving treatment of early stomach cancer].

The oncological substantiation of endoscopic and economical surgical treatment of T1N0-1M0 gastric carcinoma in 46 patients was appraised. The results were studied with due regard for the peculiarities of early gastric carcinoma (EGC) revealed in 290 patients after standard surgical management. It was established that organ-preserving treatment of ECG is possible--5-years survival was 96.2%. Endoscopic removal can be considered radical only in T1P1 tumors without invasion of the lymphatic vessels of the wall and was of a multistage character in 86.2% of cases. Careful surveillance after its completion is necessary. Surgical treatment in indicated in repeated recurrences; they were encountered in 44.8% of cases. The causes of the recurrences were noncoincidence of the macroscopic and histological boundaries of the tumor (33.6%), multicentric growth (30.4%), and invasion of the submucosa. Metastases are encountered in the lymph nodes in 9.1% of cases in economical treatment. In T1N0-1M0P1-2 carcinoma, absence of multicentric growth, and III degree dysplasia in the surrounding mucosa (reflecting increased risk of multicentric growth) the volume of organ resection may be limited on condition that P1 lymphadenectomy is performed. The results of organ-preserving treatment are comparable with those of surgical treatment conducted in a standard volume.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1991

[The proliferative activity of stomach cancer and evaluation of its individual radiosensitivity].

An indirect immunofluorescent method with polyclonal antibodies to thymidine was used to assess the proliferative activity (PA--percent of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle) of 79 stomach tumors from primary cancer patients. Stomach cancer PA was shown to vary from 0.1 to 69.7%. PA did not depend either on a tumor size or a degree of the involvement of regional lymph nodes. The mean PA of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was slightly lower (14.9 +/- 4.7%) than that of low differentiated ones. Of 79 patients a tumor process was interpreted as a resectable one in 62. They were given preoperative irradiation at a total focal dose of 36 Gy followed by operation. In addition to initial investigation PA in tumor biopsy specimens was assessed after delivering a dose of 12 Gy. PA changes at the beginning of a course of irradiation were compared with a degree of a radiation injury of tumor tissue after a course of irradiation was discontinued in 32 (explorative laparotomy was performed in 30). It was shown that tumor radioresistance could be predicted in unchanged PA indices of their increase at the beginning of a course of irradiation with the probability of 95%.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1991

[Combined treatment of cancer of the stomach using a specific immunotherapy].

Autoinoculation is suggested as an adjuvant means to augment the effect of surgery in gastric cancer which may prevent the development of recurrences and metastases. Surgery alone is not a curative method and 5-year survival in gastric cancer stage III ranges from 9.2 to 28%. The data have been obtained on comparative survival in a control group and a group of inoculated patients. The greatest effect was achieved in patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Further investigation of the two groups adjusted for the patients' age, kind of surgery and morphological structure of the tumor will help to work out precise criteria for inoculation.

Adenocarcinoma↗