Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Woźniak.
The article presents an analysis of 21 patients with ureter injuries originated during obstetric-gynaecological operations treated in Urology Clinic in Medical Academy Poznań. Attention was particularly focused on prevention and fast diagnosis of injuries based on intra-operation examination usg, urography, and ascending pyelography. This fast diagnosis is of crucial importance for the cure.
The long colic nerves were investigated in 50 fetuses aged 13 to 21 weeks. The long colic nerves arise from the pelvic nerves, pelvic plexuses, hypogastric nerves, and intermesenteric plexus. The nerves may take origin from two or three sources, and in most cases they arise from the pelvic nerves. They ascend along the sigmoid and descending colons reaching the left portion of the transverse colon.
In 8 serially sectioned human embryos the spinal accessory nucleus was traced. It was found that the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve extends as continuation of the medial part of the nucleus ambiguus in the cervical segments of the spinal cord to the 5th segment. The nucleus forms small group of cells lying dorsolaterally in the ventral horns. Fibers from the nucleus leave the spinal cord close to the sulcus limitans.
The mesencephalic nucleus of V was investigated in embryos of developmental stages 14 and 15. In stage 14 the nucleus is formed by a small group of cells lying a little rostrally to the sulcus limitans in the pontine flexure. In stage 15 the cells of the nucleus are also found in the anterior crus of the pontine flexure. The nucleus is composed of oval cells resembling those of the trigeminal ganglion.
Investigations were performed on 12 embryos and 76 fetuses aged 6 to 40 weeks. The uterine cavity is formed in 12th week. During fetal period the uterus grows most intensively between 16th and 24th week. Up to 16th week the fundus of the uterus is at the level of 1st sacral vertebra. From this period the fundus is located at the level of 2nd sacral vertebra.
In 12 human embryos and 76 fetuses the uterine ligaments were investigated. The round ligament appears at 8th week and the broad ligament is observed in 19th week. Up to 17th week the round ligament is connected with the uterine tube. It arises separately from the border of the uterus beginning from the 18th week. In fetuses of 11 and 12 weeks the broad ligament forms a thick plate enclosing vessels and nerves. The cardinal ligament appears at 10th week.
Histological and morphometric studies were performed on 30 thyroid glands obtained from normal human fetuses. Their crown-rump length (CRL) ranged from 57 to 190 mm, corresponding to the gestational age of 10-20 weeks. The weight of the thyroid gland increased proportionally in relation to CRL, foot length and fetus weight. The first follicles containing PAS-positive colloid were observed in the peripheral part of the thyroid gland of 57 mm CRL fetus. The number of follicles per 1 mm2 of thyroid surface section increased up to 85 mm CRL and thereafter gradually declined for the end of studied period of fetal life. The volumes (in mm3) of thyroid epithelium, colloid and stroma, beginning from 85 mm increased proportionally to the CRL while the height of epithelial cells did not change. The epithelium/colloid ratio decreased notably to 165 mm CRL and thereafter remained constant. Results of the present study suggest that the thyroid gland of human fetus approaches structural maturity in 17.5 week of gestation.
The treatment of 40 patients with bone tumors have been presented. The primary tumors were located in the following sites: femur (14), tibia (8), fibula (4), humerus (4), scapula (1), clavicle (2), pelvis (5), hand (1). Investigated group were: osteosarcoma (18), Ewing's sarcoma (14), chondrosarcoma (2), fibrosarcoma (1), synovial sarcoma (1), chondroblastoma (4). In the most frequent malignant bone tumors, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, unified management was adapted. The treatment was initiated with multidrug chemotherapy and followed by surgery or radiotherapy (Ewing's sarcoma) of the primary site. Surgery was performed in 30 cases: 19 mutilating operations because of the broad local invasion, 11 conservative surgical procedures (limb -- salvage operations). Satisfactory oncological and functional effect can be achieved after limb-salvage surgical procedures in the cases of localized, especially semimalignant bone tumors.
In 9th and 10th week each neuroblast of trigeminal ganglion is surrounded by 2 satellite cells. The structure of Schwann cells is the same as satellite cells. With advancement of the development the number of satellite cells increases and at 23rd week on the periphery of neuron are 2-4 satellite cells. The myelination of nerve fibers starts at the 12th week. It has to be stressed that maturation of trigeminal ganglion precedes that of other cranial ganglia and spinal ganglia.
The length of the upper and lower heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle was estimated in 44 fetuses aged 9 to 35 weeks. The lower head of the muscle is always longer than the upper one. Intensive increase in the length of the muscle is observed between 11th and 20th week.
The trigeminal nucleus was investigated on serial sections of 74 human embryos of developmental stages 13 to 23 (28 to 56 days). The main nucleus was identified in embryos of stage 13 in the alar lamina. With advancement of the development the nucleus enlarges anteriorly and posteriorly, and is always located dorsally and laterally to the motor trigeminal nucleus. It is continuous with the nucleus of the spinal tract of V anteriorly, and with the spinal trigeminal nucleus posteriorly.
In 67 fetuses (9-35 weeks) the measurements of the mylohyoid muscle were made. The length of mandibular origin of the muscle increases proportionally to increase in length of the mandible and it is particularly evident beginning from 16th week on.
Investigations were performed in human embryos of stage 15th and 16th (33 to 40 postovulatory days). The atrioventricular part of the conducting system develops in the place of junction of the rings which separate particular parts of the heart tube. In embryos of stage 15th the sinuatrial node, atrioventricular node, and atrioventricular bundle are already visible.
The trigeminal ganglion was investigated in 3 human embryos at stage 13. The ganglion is of elongated shape and the beginning of division into ophthalmic and maxillomandibular parts is visible. There is no clear placodal contribution to the trigeminal ganglion in the sense of localized thickening of the pharyngeal arch 1.
Forty seven cases of Ewing's sarcoma in children are discussed. This group was divided in two subgroups. The first (23 children) included patients treated with radiotherapy and monodrug chemotherapy non systematically--1 patient alive. The second (24 children) included patients treated with multidrug chemotherapy systematically and radiotherapy. Good results of the treatment was obtained in 8 patients from the second group with localised neoplastic disease.
Graphic reconstructions of the trigeminal ganglia were made in serially sectioned 5 human embryos of stage 14. The ganglion is of irregular oval shape and is divided into ophthalmic and maxillo-mandibular parts. From these parts of the ganglion the main branches of the 5th nerve arise.
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