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Biomedical subjects

Y Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Adachi.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Common occurrence in Toyama of bronchial asthma induced by chironomid midges.

A total of 119 asthmatic children were investigated by prick tests for the hypersensitivity against chironomid antigens. The percentages of cases who showed positive prick tests to the antigens of the adults of Polypedilum kyotoense, Chironomus yoshimatsui and Tokunagayusurika akamusi, that of the larvae of Tokunagayusurika akamusi and of Dermatophagoides farinae were 23.5%, 17.6%, 7.6%, 16.0% and 94.2%, respectively. The correlations among the wheal size in prick test, the threshold dilution in the intradermal test, the RAST score, and the result of the provocation test were significant. The specific IgE antibodies against two additional midge species were measured with the Phadezyme RAST test in a total of 27 asthmatic cases who were positive to either of the 3 adult midge antigens previously tested. RAST was positive in 59.3% with Chironomus plumosus and 100% with Tanytarusus oyamai. In the RAST inhibition tests, the Polypedilum kyotoense antigen causing allergic reaction was shown to be quite independent from Dermatophagoides farinae. These results suggest that the extracts of chironomid midges have strong allergenicity, and are one of the important inhalant antigens causing asthma in Toyama.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Molecular analysis of urinary AT III related antigen in liver cirrhosis.

Urinary antithrombin III (AT III) related antigen was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, and the nitrocellulose membrane was scanned with a 2-wavelength TLC scanner. The urinary AT III related antigen was found to be located in three different molecular weight regions: the AT III region, and molecular weight regions higher and lower than that of AT III. The ratio of the higher molecular weight region to the AT III region divided by the urinary creatinine, was taken as an "index" and was analyzed in liver cirrhosis patients as well as in normal controls. The "index" in liver cirrhosis was higher than that in the controls. Further, the "index" revealed a significant proportional correlation with the total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, and also a significant inversely proportional correlation with the plasma AT III, suggesting that the "index" tends to become higher as liver function decreases. The pathophysiological significance of the "index" is briefly discussed.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1986

Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteinase, calpains I and II are not phosphorylated in vivo.

To clarify phosphorylation of calpains I and II in vivo, we purified both calpains concurrently from the [32P] metabolic-labeled human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K-562. By Ultragel AcA34 column chromatography, enzymatic activity of calpain I was separated from [32P] radioactivity. Whereas calpain II activity was closely associated with [32P] radioactivity on Ultragel AcA34 and Blue Sepharose CL-6B column chromatographies. By the above purification procedures, calpain I was purified 1300-fold from the crude extract and calpain II was 920-fold from the original sample, respectively. Autoradiographies of purified calpains I and II from [32P] labeled K-562 cells revealed that both calpains were not specifically phosphorylated in vivo. The autophosphorylation in vitro on calpains and modulation of their proteolytic activities reported recently thus may not occur within cells.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1986

Chromosome walking shows a highly homologous repetitive sequence present in all the centromere regions of fission yeast.

By cloning centromere-linked genes followed by partial overlapping hybridization, we constructed a 210-kb map encompassing the centromere in chromosome II and a 60-kp map near the centromere of chromosome I in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe which has three chromosomes. Integration of the cloned sequences into the chromosome and subsequent analyses of tetrads and dyads revealed an approximately 50 kb long domain located in the middle of the 210-kb map, tightly linked to the centromere and greatly reduced in meiotic recombination. This domain contained at least two classes of repetitive sequences. One, designated yn1, was specifically present in a particular chromosome and repeated three times in the 210-kb map of chromosome II. The other, designated dg, was located in all the centromere regions of three chromosomes. One (dgI) and two (dgIIa, dgIIb) copies of the dg were found in the maps of chromosomes I and II, respectively. The dgIIa and dgIIb were arranged with a 20-kb interval within the repetitive domain. In the centric region of chromosome II, 3-4 copies of the dg appeared to exist. By determining the nucleotide sequences of dgI and dgIIa, the dg was identified to be 3.8 kb long. The sequence homology was 99% between dgI and dgIIa. These extraordinarily homologous sequences seemed not to be transcribed into RNA nor to be encoding any protein. The larger part of the dg sequence was internally non-repetitious, a 600-bp region existed which consisted of stretches of several short repeating units. The structures in or surrounding the centromeres of S. pombe appear to be much more complex than those of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Investigations into the location of Treponema hyodysenteriae in the cecum of experimentally infected young broiler chicks by light- and electronmicroscopy.

Numerous Treponema hyodysenteriae were present both on the mucosal surface and in the deep crypts of the cecum of young broiler chicks 7 and 14 days after inoculation with the treponemes. The treponemes in the ceca of chicks inoculated with 10(8) cells were observed more frequently than those of chicks inoculated with 10(7) cells. The treponemes in the ceca were observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The lesions were primarily confined to the cecum. Desquamation of epithelial cells, edema, leukocytic infiltration and hemorrhage were observed in the mucosae.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Differential expressions of essential and nonessential alpha-tubulin genes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two alpha-tubulin genes and one beta-tubulin gene. Gene disruption experiments showed that the alpha 1-tubulin gene (NDA2) is essential whereas the alpha 2 gene is dispensable. The alpha 2-disrupted cells missing alpha 2 transcript and alpha 2 polypeptide could grow and sporulate normally. The alpha 2 gene, however, was expressed in the wild type and the alpha 1 mutant. Alpha 2-Tubulin was distinguished as an electrophoretic band and was assembled into microtubules. The alpha 2-disrupted cells had an increased sensitivity to an antimicrotubule drug thiabendazole, and the alpha 1(cold-sensitive [cs]) alpha 2 (disrupted) cells became not only cs but also temperature sensitive. Northern blot experiments indicated that alpha 2 transcription was minor and constitutive whereas alpha 1 transcription was major and modulated, depending on the gene copy number of the alpha 2 gene. The amounts of alpha 1 and alpha 2 polypeptides estimated by beta-galactosidase activities of the lacZ-fused genes integrated on the chromosome and by intensities of the electrophoretic bands in crude tubulin fractions, however, were comparable, indicating that alpha 2 tubulin is not a minor subtype. We assume that the cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe have no excess tubulin pool. alpha 1 mutants would then be blocked in the cell cycle because only half the amount of functional alpha-tubulin required for growth can be produced by the alpha 2 gene. On the other hand, the alpha 2-disrupted cells became viable because the synthesis of alpha 1 tubulin was increased by transcriptional or translational modulation or both. The real cause for essential alpha 1 and dispensable alpha 2 genes seems to be in their regulatory sequences instead of the coding sequences.

Gene Expression Regulation↗
PubMed1986

Antitumor activity of a beta-1,3-glucan obtained from liquid cultured mycelium of Grifola frondosa.

The antitumor activity of a branched beta-1,3-glucan "grifolan LE" purified from liquid cultures of Grifola frondosa (Ohno et al. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 34, 1709-1715 (1986] was examined on an allogeneic murine tumor system. By intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration (100-200 micrograms/mouse/d X 5) at days 1 to 9 from the tumor transplantation, grifolan LE showed marked inhibitory activity on the growth of solid form sarcoma 180 in ICR mice. Significant activity was also observed in intravenous (i.v.) or intratumoral (i.t.) administrations. However, the oral (p.o.) administration of grifolan LE was not effective. I.p. administration of grifolan LE at a dose of 100 micrograms/mouse/d X 5 before the tumor transplantation showed significant inhibition of tumor growth. I.p. administration of grifolan LE at day +11 to +19 was also effective. Grifolan LE was not effective on the ascites form of sarcoma 180. The pretreatment of sarcoma 180 cell with grifolan LE in vitro did not affect tumor growth. The mice cured from the solid form of sarcoma 180 by administration of grifolan LE had the ability to reject the same tumor cell. From these results, it is suggested that the antitumor activity of grifolan LE occurred by modification of biological responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Genomic expressions of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I).

Human T-lymphocyte cell line termed MT-2 is producing persistently HTLV-I virion and has a strong potential to transform human T-lymphocytes when cocultivated. The virion of HTLV-I (MT-2) was isolated and its RNA was extracted to analyze the gene and gene products of HTLV-I. HTLV (MT-2) virion RNA was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system in vitro in which a gag precursor polyprotein (p53) and a putative gag-prt fusion protein (p76) were synthesized from a full length 35S RNA. The full length provirus, HTLV-I (MT-2), was molecularly cloned and its genomic expression was examined transiently and permanently by transfecting in human lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells. The cloned provirus expressed the same virological activities as observed in naturally occurring infection of the virus. A new protease gene of HTLV-I was found and its function of the gene product was studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Gastric diverticulum invaded by carcinoma].

Diverticulum of the gastric body is uncommon and the coexistence of this lesion and gastric carcinoma much more. The authors report a case of diverticulum and carcinoma of the gastric body in a 66-year-old woman. The partially resected stomach exhibited a diverticulum, 3 X 3 X 2 cm in size, on the lesser curvature and a carcinoma of the depressed type on the posterior wall. The latter was IIc + III-like advanced carcinoma showing poor differentiation histologically and partly invading the diverticular wall, which had no muscular layer (i.e., pseudo-diverticulum). As for pseudodiverticulum, carcinoma cells invading the submucosa will reach the serosa easily. It is important not to overlook carcinomas in or around the diverticulum.

Adenocarcinoma↗