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Biomedical subjects

Y Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Adachi.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Normalized natural killer (NK) cell activity in long-term remission of acute leukaemia.

NK cell activity was studied in 28 cases of acute leukaemia in remission. It was found that patients in long-term remission for 5 years or more had normal NK cell activity but those in remission for less than 5 years had significantly lowered activity. This suggests that patients with acute leukaemia had not been constitutionally deficient in NK cell activity. Low activity was augmented but not fully restored by interferon pretreatment in vitro. Therefore, the low NK cell activity observed during remission is not solely attributable to inadequate secretion of interferon in the host. It is suggested that the production of NK cells in bone marrow is impaired, or the function of NK cells is suppressed, by the leukaemia itself or by chemotherapeutic agents. Increased consumption of NK cells is also a possibility.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the structure of a novel peptide antibiotic, K-582.

A novel peptide antibiotic, K-582, which exhibited significant growth inhibition of Candida, viruses and ascites tumor in mice, was found in the culture medium of a strain of Metarhizium anisopliae by Kondo et al. (J. Antibiotics 33, 535-542 (1980) ]. K-582 consisted of two components, designated K-582 A and K-582 B. Threonine, tyrosine, ornithine, and an unusual amino acid were common in both peptides, but lysine was an extra component of K-582 A. The unusual amino acid was identified to be threo-gamma-hydroxy-L-arginine (OHArg) by means of mass, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectrometries of the derivatives and the related compounds. The threonine and the arginine were assigned to be L-configuration, and the ornithine and the tyrosine to be D-configuration in both K-582 A and K-582 B, and the lysine to be L-configuration by comparison of their optical rotatory dispersion spectra with those of standard amino acids. The elucidation of primary structure revealed that they were closely related heptapeptides with the following sequence: K-582 A:H-Arg-OHArg-Orn-Thr-Orn-Lys-Tyr-OH; K-582 B:H-Arg-OHArg-Orn-Thr-Orn-OHArg-Tyr-OH, and had the identical sequence in terms of the configuration of their constituents, namely L-L-D-L-D-L-D.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Hepatic bilirubin-conjugating enzymes of man in the normal state and in liver disease.

Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase (BGT), bilirubin UDP-glucosyl transferase (BGLT) and bilirubin UDP-xylosyl transferase (BXT) activities were measured in wedge-biopsied liver specimens obtained from patients with various liver diseases, and compared with those in controls with normal liver histology. BGT was measured alone using needle biopsy liver specimens from the patients with Gilbert's syndrome (15 patients). Rotor's syndrome (one) and posthepatitic hyperbilirubinemia (3). BGT was decreased to about 30% of controls in Gilbert's syndrome, but showed no change in posthepatitic hyperbilirubinemia and Rotor's syndrome. About 90% decrease in BGT, and BGLT and BXT were observed in Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II (3 patients). In patients with cholelithiasis and chronic hepatitis, statistically significant changes of these three enzymes were not observed, except the statistically significant increase in BGT activity in chronic hepatitis. Slight increases in BGT and BXT activities were observed in anicteric cases with cholelithiasis. The ratio of BGT, BGLT and BXT activities in controls was 1:0.50:0.98 (expressed as "per mg protein"). Slight differences existed between the ratios of BGT, BGLT and BXT in various liver diseases, and this may suggest the separate identities of BGLT and BXT from BGT. Determination of bilirubin-conjugation is essential in the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II, but shows no specific change in the other chronic liver diseases.

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome↗
PubMed1982

Enteric coated polymyxin B in the treatment of hyperammonemia and endotoxemia in liver cirrhosis.

Effects of enteric coated polymyxin B capsules on hyperammonemia and endotoxemia in liver cirrhosis were investigated. Six million units of polymyxin B were orally administered daily to 21 patients with liver cirrhosis and 3 patients with hepatoma cum liver cirrhosis, whose plasma ammonia was higher than normal limit and/or whose plasma endotoxin was positive, for 5-32 days, and serum polymyxin B concentration (in 5 cases), changes of plasma ammonia level (in 19 cases) and plasma endotoxin (in all cases) were observed. Serum polymyxin B concentration was below the detectable limit (0.5 unit/ml) in all cases observed. In the patients with liver cirrhosis, plasma endotoxin and ammonia levels decreased rapidly after polymyxin B treatment, and the decreases in endotoxin levels were kept throughout the treatment. Twelve patients with liver cirrhosis (10 among them were treated with lactulose) were served as controls. All patients who were treated with lactulose alone showed rapid decrease in plasma ammonia, but the decrease in endotoxin in these patients was slower than that in those treated with polymyxin B. From these results, oral administration of polymyxin B is concluded to be useful in the treatment of hyperammonemia and endotoxemia in liver cirrhosis, as a poorly absorbed antibiotic and as an antiendotoxin agent.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Glutamine synthetase in preparations of RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli: a novel purification procedure.

A novel procedure of operational ease and reproducibility for the partial purification of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase [EC 2.7.7.6] from Escherichia coli is reported. It utilizes liquid phase partitions with polyethylene glycol and Dextran, ammonium sulfate fractionations and chromatography on a QAE-Sephadex A-50 column. A copurified protein in the partially purified preparation was isolated and identifed as glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate : ammonia ligase (ADP) EC 6.3.1.2].

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed1982

An autopsy case of primary hepatoma associated with an oral contraceptive.

Primary hepatoma was found in a 38-year-old female who had been using an oral contraceptive for 28 months. Histologically the hepatoma was a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Alpha-fetoprotein was not increased and tests for HBS antigen was negative. Carcinoembryonic antigen was elevated remarkably before death. The findings of hepatic arteriography and peritoneoscopy suggested metastatic tumors of the liver rather than primary hepatoma. During the course of the disease, phlebothrombosis occurred and spread widely in the lower left limb. The observation of erythrocytosis indicated the presence of a tumor producing erythropoietin or an erythropoietin-like substance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Peritoneal macrophages which phagocytose autologous polymorphonuclear leucocytes in guinea-pigs. I: induction by irritants and microorgansisms and inhibition by colchicine.

In order to examine macrophages phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in detail, we established a new method, whereby a large number of PMN-phagocytosing macrophages (PPMs) were easily induced. PPMs were harvested from the peritoneal cavity after thioglycollate medium, oyster glycogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), L. monocytogenes or S. aureus had been injected i.p. into guinea-pigs. When thioglycollate medium or oyster glycogen was injected i.p., the number of the PPM reached a peak 48 h later and PPM formed 20% or more of total macrophages. When L. monocytogenes or S. aureus was injected i.p., the ratio of PPM to total macrophages reached a peak 24 h later. Morphologically, some of the phagocytosed PMNs were not degenerated and the others were at various stages of degeneration. The ability of macrophages to phagocytose PMNs was suppressed when 10(-6) mol/kg of colchicine was administered i.p. 1 day after the injection of the irritants.

Animals↗