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Biomedical subjects

Z N Zakov

Publications and source records attributed to Z N Zakov.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Localization of suspected intraocular foreign bodies with a modified Delta 2020 scanner.

Metallic foreign bodies were localized in seven patients using a modified Delta 2020 scanner. In six of these seven, we compared the localization obtained by sector CT scan with ultrasound. The two methods were found to be complementary, with the sector CT scan giving more positive and more easily interpreted localizations, and ultrasonography giving more detailed soft tissue diagnosis. The new sector CT scanner greatly raised the level of confidence in the localization of metallic foreign bodies; however, we recommend the combined use of both techniques for a complete evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Macular and paramacular detachment of the neurosensory retina associated with systemic diseases.

We have reviewed 168 cases of angiographically proved SRD of the macular region of unknown etiology that were seen at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Thirty-seven percent of these patients had documented coincident systemic diseases. Of that group, patients with autoimmune disease appeared to have ocular symptoms during the active phase of the systemic illness. Nine cases are reported characterizing the coincidence of exacerbation of systemic disease with recurrent serous detachment of the neurosensory retina. It is our hypothesis that in patients with autoimmune disease, the choroiditis is secondary to the damage caused by immune complexes. Thus, in these patients, SRD was a manifestation of the systemic illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Retinal anomalies in trisomy 18.

The eyes of three patients with trisomy 18, the second most common human autosomal trisomy, were examined histopathologically. In the posterior retina transmission and scanning electron microscopic examinations reveal cytological details characteristic of immature neural retinas. We are able to confirm the report that the posterior retinal pigment epithelium in trisomy 18 has a paucity of mature melanosomes and, in fact, resembles human albino retinal pigment epithelium. The asociation of hypopigmentation and retinal immaturity suggests pigmentation plays a role in the control of the maturation of the neural retina.

Chromosomes, Human, 16-18↗
PubMed1980

Severe electrical burn of the eye.

The clinical and histopathologic findings in an 18-year-old male who sustained a severe orbital and ocular electrical burn as a result of contact with a "third rail" are described. The third rail was 600 volts positive with respect to the ground, and a maximum of 50,000 amperes was available as current. The anterior segment changes described are considered secondary to heat, as well as electrical energy; whereas the more discrete pathology in the posterior retina and optic nerve was thought to be caused by passage of electric current. Ocular and orbital electric injuries of this severity have rarely been described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Hepatoma metastatic to the orbit.

A 69-year-old man with a history of cirrhosis of the liver had unilateral progressive proptosis without jaundice, abdominal pain, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Results of laboratory and radiographic studies were also normal. Orbital biopsy revealed hepatocellular carcinoma. Although hepatocellular carcinoma has often been shown to metastasize to the brain and often to the flat bones of the skull, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first histologically proven case of hepatoma metastatic to the orbit.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Adenocarcinoma arising from the epithelium of the iris and ciliary body.

Our discussion of adenocarcinomas arising from the ciliary and iris epithelium, based upon a case report and a review of the literature, attempts summarize what little is known about these tumors. In most instances, the tumors arise from previously healthy eyes in middle-aged people. There appears to be no known way to make the diagnosis preoperatively. As long as the tumor has not extended outside the globe at the time of removal, the prognosis is excellent. The morphology of the tumors is virtually identical to those arising from the retinal pigment epithelium, with anaplastic epithelioid cells often forming tubes, cords, and acinuslike structures. In a few cases, tumors with these traits have extended from the globe and have eventually resulted in the death of the patients; one of these cases unquestionably arose from the iris and ciliary body epithelium. Knowledge of these tumors is in a primitive stage, and much clinical and pathological information is needed in order to determine their casue, diagnostic clinical features, and proper treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Silicone sponge implant in combination with episcleral implant for retinal detachment surgery.

The results of retinal detachment surgery performed in 50 patients utilizing a silicone sponge episcleral implant combination placed beneath an encircling band have been reviewed. Anatomical reattachment has been achieved in 48 (95%) procedures and complications associated with this technique have been infrequent. The modification described emphasizes the stability and permanency of the sponge episcleral implant combination placed beneath the encircling band without the placement of additional buckling or anchoring sutures. This procedure is used for the treatment of communicating radial folds and fishmouth tears in primary operations or reoperations.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma: a case report and literature review.

A 66-year-old white woman with a confusing spectrum of central nervous system signs and symptoms had a diagnostic enucleation of her blind left eye showing retinal infiltration. Histopathologic examination showed reticulum cell sarcoma involving the retina. The patient died one month later and autopsy revealed diffuse central nervous system reticulum cell sarcoma along with right eye and systemic involvement. A review of the literature indicates intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma to be an apparently uncommon occurrence, although ocular examination may be frequently overlooked.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Late diagnosis of choroidal malignant melanomas in eyes with clear media and low visual acuity.

Five patients seen in a one-year period with advanced malignant melanoma of the choroid in eyes with low visual acuity and clear media are reported. The low visual acuity appeared clinically to be antecedent to the malignant tumor; although in certain cases it may have been related to the occult melanoma, this was not appreciated clinically. Because of the low visual acuity, these patients did not have vision symptoms referable to the melanoma, and the malignancy was diagnosed late in its course. All five cases had extrascleral extension of the tumor at the time of surgical treatment; three are dead of metastatic disease, and two have undergone orbital exenteration with only brief follow-up periods. This experience suggests that eyes with clear media and low vision owing to presumably unrelated causes should undergo periodic examination to rule out the presence of a growing malignant melanoma and to prevent its late diagnosis.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

New findings in the chromosome 13 long-arm deletion syndrome and retinoblastoma.

New clinical and pathologic findings in patients with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13 (13q-) include optic nerve hypoplasia and retinal dysplasia. Fibroblasts derived from patients with a 13q- syndrome with and without retinoblastoma, as well as from familial and sporadic retinoblastoma, are a useful model for the study of genetic susceptibility to the development of spontaneous and radiation-induced cancers. Fibroblasts from patients with hereditary retinoblastoma appear more radiosensitive than fibroblasts from patients with sporadic retinoblastoma or normal control patients.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Orbitofacial mucormycosis with unusual pathological features.

A 52-year-old man with mild diabetes and acute stem cell leukaemia developed an orbitofacial mucormycosis. Cultures showed the fungus to be Rhizopus oryzae. Vigorous treatment with amphotericin B and other bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics for a concurrent sepsis failed to suppress the infections, and the patient died. On post-mortem examination characteristic haematoxylin-staining, broad, aseptate fungal hyphae were found in the right eye, orbit, and lung. A striking and unusual feature of this case is the presence of brightly birefringent crystals within the severely degenerated eye. These were found by histochemical staining and x-ray diffraction studies to be calcium salts of fatty acids, apparently liberated from necrotic adipose tissue of the orbit.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1979

Scleral and choroidal calcifications in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism.

This case report suggests that calcifications in the sclera and choroid may be a feature of pseudohypoparathyroidism and shows a calcium distribution more extensive and severe than that characteristically seen in other metabolic conditions associated with calcium deposits in the eye. Ocular ectopic calcification is a part of the more generalised ectopic soft tissue calcification seen with pseudohypoparathyroidism. Evaluation of the contribution of the terminal renal failure and uraemia to the ectopic ocular calcification would require sequential evaluation of eyes with pseudohypoparathyroidism, but without the added complication of uraemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Vascular basophilia in ocular and orbital tumors.

The occurrence of vascular basophilia in ocular tumors has been a selective histologic feature of retinoblastomas. We recently observed a metastatic oat-cell carcinoma to the choroid which also demonstrated such a vascular hematoxyphilia. Histologic review of a variety of ocular and orbital metastatic carcinomas failed to yield a similar basophilic pattern. Examination of 100 consecutive retinoblastomas for vascular basophilia revealed an incidence of 6.0%. Similar material was not seen in any of 125 melanomas, including 10 with areas of necrosis. Histochemical studies showed the basophilic material to be DNA, and electron microscopy revealed the nuclear debris of pyknotic tumor cells to be continuous with identical material surrounding the adjacent blood vessels. The pathogenesis of vascular deposition of DNA in these two ocular tumors remains unclear. This finding most likely represents a form of tumor activity requiring comparatively healthy blood vessels to adequately precipitate liberated nucleic acids being filtered from the necrotic and degenerating tumor tissue.

Basophils↗
PubMed1978

Iris fluorescein angiography in diabetic vitrectomy patients.

Preoperative iris fluorescein angiograms (IFA) and ophthalmic records of 34 diabetic patients who underwent vitrectomy were reviewed. Of 2 patients without clinically apparent rubeosis, 23 showed evidence of iris microvascular abnormalities or rubeosis on IFA. Patients with rubeosis (Grades III and IV) on IFA had a 63% incidence of postoperative neovascular glaucoma, thus isolating them as a high risk group. The visual outcome of patients developing neovascular glaucoma was poor.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1978

False-positive 32P uptake tests.

Three patients had suspected choroidal melanoma and positive results for radioactive phosphorus (32P) uptake tests, leading to enuclearion in two of the patients. No malignancy was present on histopathologic examination. This experience reemphasizes the need for the ophthalmologist to evaluate the total clinical picture and not to give inappropriate consideration to a "positive" 32P uptake test in deciding for or against enucleation in a suspected choroidal melanoma. The positive 32P uptake test, even with high values, cannot be equated with malignancy, and a variety of nonmalignant lesions may give false-positive results.

Adult↗