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Biomedical subjects

Z Nowak

Publications and source records attributed to Z Nowak.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis patients.

The production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) was assessed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in relapse, chronic progressive MS patients, patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and healthy subjects. Production was defined as the level of IL-1 and IL-2 in PBM supernatants. Neither spontaneous nor LPS-induced IL-1 production differed significantly in MS, OND patients or healthy individuals. On the other hand PHA-induced PBM IL-2 production was significantly less in MS patients in relapse (130 +/- 10.0 U/ml) than in chronic progressive MS patients (172 +/- 9.8 U/ml), OND patients (192 +/- 11.5 U/ml) and healthy subjects (215 +/- 13.8 U/ml) (P less than 0.02). Spontaneous IL-2 production was also diminished in MS patients in relapse (31 +/- 7.2 U/ml) as compared to chronic progressive MS patients (46 +/- 8.8 U/ml) and healthy subjects (49 +/- 11.1 U/ml) (P less than 0.01). Anti-Tac monoclonal antibody was used to study IL-2 receptor expression on the same sample of PBM that was used for IL-2 study. MS patients in relapse had significantly higher levels of IL-2 receptor-positive unstimulated PBM (6.0 +/- 2.2%) as compared to chronic progressive MS (2.0 +/- 0.9%), OND (2.5 +/- 1.1%) and healthy subjects (1.5 +/- 0.7%) (P less than 0.002). We postulate that reduced apparent IL-2 production by PBM of MS patients in relapse may result from immediate IL-2 binding to receptor expressed on activated T lymphocytes and internalization of IL-2-receptor complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Propranolol enhances in vitro interleukin 2 receptor expression on human lymphocytes.

Interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) expression was assessed, using anti-Tac monoclonal antibody, after incubation of human lymphocytes with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (PRO). One-hour incubation of mononuclear cells (MNC) with PRO resulted in an increase of Tac positive cells. The greatest rise was observed with a PRO concentration of 10(-6) M (29% ring-stained cells compared with 0% in the control group). Cells cultured for 3 days with PRO showed a lower proportion of Tac positive cells (11%). Fifty-one per cent of MNC cultured with PHA for 3 days expressed IL-2R. Addition of PRO to PHA cultures increased IL-2R expression even more (65%). Enhancement of IL-2R expression after only 1 h incubation with PRO may be due to exposure of formerly synthesized receptor, which can be uncovered by some agents such as PRO.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of maximal physical exercise on T-lymphocyte subpopulations and on interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production in vitro.

Maximal physical exercise was performed on a Monark bicycle ergometer according to individual schemes. The investigations were carried out on 11 highly trained cyclists, aged 20 +/- 1 years. Heart rate (HR) amounting to about 200 bts/min and oxygen consumption stabilization were considered as criteria for maximal physical exercise. Lymphocyte phenotypes were determined using monoclonal antibodies. A significant increase in Ts (suppressor, cytotoxic) and a moderate increase in Th (helper, inducer) and NK (natural killer) cell numbers were noted 3 min after maximal physical exercise. At the same time, a significant diminution of the Th/Ts ratio was observed. A significant increase of interleukin 1 production and a diminished interleukin 2 production as well as spontaneous interleukin 2 receptor expression (Tac antigen) were observed at the same time. After a 2-h recovery, there was a normalization of most of the parameters investigated. The results suggest that maximal physical exercise in highly trained bicycle racers generates transient changes in immune cell function.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multiple sclerosis: effect of myelin basic protein on interleukin 1, interleukin 2 production and interleukin 2 receptor expression in vitro.

The production of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with human myelin basic protein (MBP) was assessed in vitro in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in relapse, patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and healthy subjects. Myelin basic protein significantly increased both IL-1 and IL-2 production by PBMC from MS patients during relapse when compared to OND patients or healthy controls. The most efficient concentration of MBP for the induction of IL-1 and IL-2 was 50 micrograms/ml. The optimal IL-1 production occurred after 48 h of PBMC culture and optimal IL-2 production after 72 h of PBMC culture. Anti-Tac monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was used to study IL-2 receptor expression on the same sample of PBM used for IL-2 study in MS patients in relapse. In addition IL-2 receptor expression was studied in PBMC from chronic progressive MS patients. In both MS groups IL-2 receptor expression on PBMC stimulated with MBP appeared higher than in control groups, but these differences were not statistically significant. IL-2 receptor expression on cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes (CSF-L) either unstimulated or MBP-stimulated was, however, significantly higher in both MS groups when compared to OND patients. These results confirm the presence of activated lymphocytes in the CSF of MS patients during active stages of disease and suggest that this activation may be related to expansion of MBP specific cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Immunoregulatory granulocyte factor (GF). II. In vitro features of antibodies against GF+.

Activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) secrete a specific factor possessing numerous immunoregulatory properties. The rabbit IgG antibodies against this human granulocyte factor GF (anti-GF-IgG) have significantly changed the regulatory features of GF and the same antibodies alone have also exerted immunoregulatory potency when tested in vitro. Inhibition of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) proliferation after GF treatment was abolished in the presence of anti-GF-IgG. GF displays a potentiating effect on interleukin-1 (IL-1) production by human monocytes in vitro. Anti-GF-IgG did not change the potentiating capacity of GF and these specific antibodies alone also enhanced IL-1 production to the same extent as GF. In peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytotoxicity test, the cytotoxic activity of effector cells was markedly reduced in the presence of GF. Anti-GF-IgG partially abrogated the observed suppression, although their own features indicate a strong inhibitory effect on PBMC cytotoxicity. These contradictory results are difficult to explain but they may enable us to understand the pleiotropic immunoregulatory mechanism of both GF and anti-GF-IgG. The results of the present and recently published studies support the idea that both GF and anti-GF-IgG modify T lymphocyte function at the same receptor level.

Antigens↗
PubMed1987

The effect of granulocyte factor (GF) on the production of interleukins and Tac antigen expression.

In the course of adherence granulocytes secrete the granulocyte factor (GF) which modifies lymphocyte functions in vitro. GF augments the interleukins production and diminishes mitogen induced Tac antigen expression in vitro, which may result in diminished IL-2 utilization. Consequently, such cells probably do not absorb IL-2 and do not exert their "inhibitory" potency measured in two step culture. The presented data show a relative deficit in interleukin generation in RA patients and have suggested the role of granulocytes in immunoregulation presumably in the course of diseases accompanied by inflammatory processes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short-term somatostatin infusion affects T lymphocyte responsiveness in humans.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) function was analysed in 16 young men with duodenal ulcers after one-hour intravenous infusion of somatostatin (SMS) at a dose of 250 micrograms/h. Proliferative responses of PBL from SMS-treated patients were significantly diminished compared with pre-treatment values, after stimulation with PHA, PWM or Con A. Spontaneous IL-2R expression was moderately increased after SMS infusion but PHA-induced IL-2R expression was not affected by this drug. Alloantigen and autoantigen stimulation of PBL showed no significant changes in the proliferative response after SMS infusion. NK cell activity was similarly unaffected. These observations establish a link between SMS exposure and possible development of immune dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of histamine on phosphoinositide metabolism in chick cerebral cortex.

Effects of histamine (HA) and agonists of HA receptors on phosphoinositide metabolism in chick cerebral cortex have been studied using two approaches - measurement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) level by a specific and sensitive IP3 receptor radioassay, and analysis of [3H]inositol phosphates accumulation in cortical slices prelabeled with myo-[3H]inositol. HA concentration-dependently elevated IP3 levels in slices of chick cerebral cortex. The effect of HA was mimicked by 2-methylHA, a selective agonist of H1-HA receptors, and blocked by mepyramine, an H1 receptor antagonist. 4-MethylHA and Ralpha-methylHA, selective agonists of H2- and H3-HA receptors, respectively, did not affect IP3 level in the chick cerebrum. In cerebral cortical slices prelabeled with myo-[3H]inositol, 2-methylHA significantly stimulated [3H]inositol phosphates accumulation, whereas HA only slightly and non-significantly increased phosphoinositide metabolism. It is suggested that phospholipase C-coupled H1-HA receptors are present in the chick cerebral cortex, yet their number seems to be a small one.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some mechanisms of immunosuppressive action of epinephrine in humans.

The studies were performed on 12 men (9 duodenal ulcer patients and 3 healthy controls) aged 19-23 years. They were given epinephrine in a dose of 0.014 mg/kg subcutaneously. Blood samples were drawn before and 30 and 150 min. after drug injection. The results obtained in the duodenal ulcer patients and controls revealed the same direction of changes. Epinephrine induced a significant increase in the absolute numbers of all investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations (total lymphocytes, T, Th, Ts, NK cells and monocytes) observed at 30 min. following injection, while they nearly normalized at 150 min. A Th/Ts cell number ratio slightly, but significantly, decreased. Epinephrine did not affect spontaneous IL-2 receptor expression and it significantly inhibited PHA-induced IL-2 receptor expression and IL-2 generation at 30 min. following injection. NK cell activity also decreased 30 min. after epinephrine administration and it was still lowered at 150 min. The drug very distinctly inhibited proliferative response in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction test.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The stimulatory effect of a single intravenous dose of propranolol of some immune parameters in humans.

Propranolol (PRO) is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist. The studies were aimed to evaluate the effect of a single intravenous PRO injection at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg on some immune parameters, and were performed on 12 men, including 9 duodenal ulcer patients and 3 healthy subjects, aged 19-23 years (mean 20.5 +/- 1.2). Blood samples were drawn before, 30 and 150 min following the injection. Results obtained in duodenal ulcer patients and healthy subjects revealed the same type of changes. A single PRO injection did not significantly affect total peripheral blood lymphocyte, Th cell and monocyte counts; however, it slightly but significantly lowered numbers of T and Ts cells, which was accompanied by a rise in Th/Ts cell number ratio and NK cell numbers. PRO significantly augmented spontaneous as well as PHA-stimulated IL-2 receptor expression, IL-2 generation, NK cell activity and AMLR observed at 30 and 150 min after the drug injection. Possible mechanisms of these changes are discussed.

Adult↗