PubMed · 10735371
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R B Payne. 2000. Urinary catecholamine excretion in relation to renal function.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10735371/
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Catecholamines were analysed in aqueous and alcoholic non-aqueous solutions by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using sheathless nanospray coupling. Decreases in the electrophoretic mobilities of the catecholamines and in the electroosmotic mobilities were observed from water to 1-propanol. Separations were more efficient in all non-aqueous media than in water. The diffusion coefficients of the catecholamines in the different media were determined. The solvent had little effect on the sensitivity of the UV or MS detection. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of urine samples.
Several lines of evidence suggest that neuroendocrine abnormalities in general and HPA axis activity in particular occur in both HIV-1 infection and individuals engaging in chronic drug use. For instance, our studies showing attenuated norepinephrine as well as ACTH and cortisol responses to a cold pressor challenge in asymptomatic HIV-1 persons support such a concept. Furthermore, our data on investigations on mirror-star tracing and speech challenges also support the finding that neuroendocrine responses are compromised in HIV-1 infection. Although the mechanisms leading to adverse effects on HPA axis activity in HIV infection are not fully understood, several lines of evidence suggest that a number of mechanisms may be involved, including homologies in molecular structures of various mediators of neuroendocrine activity and HIV-related structures, HIV as a chronic stress model, and virus-induced toxic factors. This article reviews our recent findings in this area and also presents research hypotheses needed for testing and understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of neuroendocrine abnormalities in HIV-1-infected injection drug users.
A method successfully coupling capillary electrophoretic separation to time-of-flight mass spectrometric (TOFMS) detection for the simultaneous analysis of catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) and their O-methoxylated metabolites (3-methoxytyramine, normetanephrine, and metanephrine) is described. The inner capillary wall was coated with polyvinyl alcohol in order to obtain baseline resolution of catecholamines and metanephrines and to ensure reproducibility without extensive restorative washing of the capillary. Using electrokinetic injection, detection limits of 0.3 microM for dopamine and norepinephrine, 0.2 microM for 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine, and 0.1 microM for epinephrine and metanephrine were achieved with standard solutions. The usefulness of this approach was demonstrated by applying the developed method to the analysis of a spot collection of human urine from a healthy volunteer. The catecholamines and metanephrines were removed from the urine samples and preconcentrated by simultaneous SPE on cation-exchange sorbents. The recoveries of all analytes, with the exception of epinephrine (75%), were over 80%. Catecholamines and metanephrines in the urine samples were quantitated using 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine as an internal standard. Submicromolar concentrations, consistent with the catecholamine and metanephrine levels reported for normal human urine, were detected.