PubMed · 11692566
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B R Blais. 2001. Why do a visual job analysis?. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11692566/
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OBJECTIVES: In order that the occupational exposures and health risks for municipal waste incinerator operators be better determined, a study was carried out in three centres. METHODS: A transversal study was carried out for 102 male incinerator workers matched for age with 94 male workers from other industrial activities. Three groups of exposed workers were considered (group 1: "crane operators" and "equipment operators"; group 2: "furnace " workers; group 3: "maintenance" and "effluent-treatment" workers). Data were collected through a questionnaire and medical examination. The respiratory function was explored and blood samples were taken for biological analysis. Statistical analysis using chi(2) or Student's test, and calculation of odds-ratio (OR) using logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in general symptoms between the two groups. Skin symptoms (OR =4.85; 2.04-11.51 for the "maintenance and effluent" workers) were more often observed in the exposed group. An excess of respiratory problems was also encountered: daily coughing ["maintenance and effluent" groups (OR =2.55; 0.84-7.75); "furnace men" (OR =6.58; 2.18-19.85)]. A significant relationship between exposure and the decrease of several pulmonary parameters was observed. The liver and haematological tests were well within the normal range; nevertheless, a slight but significant increase in the white blood cells was observed in the exposed group. Higher blood lead levels were found for exposed workers. CONCLUSION: There were few adverse health effects in our morbidity study but skin irritation and cough were more frequent in the exposed workers. A slight decrease in pulmonary function was observed. These findings are in agreement with those of several other studies.
This community-based survey estimates the annual incidence of non-fatal work-related injuries in adolescents and describes their characteristics. Using a random area sampling design, 2,513 households were selected from the city of Salvador, capital of Bahia State, Northeast Brazil. The study population included 361 young people 10 to 20 years of age who answered individual questionnaires on socio-demographic, occupational, and health data. Annual incidence of non-fatal work-related injuries was 6.4%. Among females, most injuries were mild and were related to household chores; some 38.5% required medical care, and 36.4% caused permanent non-disabling lesions. Among males, work-related injuries took place mainly in public byways, and the majority (60.0%) were treated in emergency-care facilities. These results show that work-related injuries need to be considered in adolescent protection policies.
In Brazil, workers without a formal job contract comprise more than half of the labor force, a contingent formed mainly by women. This study presents estimates of the annual incidence of non-fatal work-related injuries and their distribution by gender and type of job contract in an urban area of Brazil. This was a community-based study with a random cluster area sample of the inhabitants from the city of Salvador, capital of the State of Bahia. The study population included all individuals from 18 to 65 years of age who reported having a paid job (n = 2,947). Data were obtained through individual household interviews. The overall estimated annual incidence rate was 5.80%, with a non-statistically significant difference between men (6.05%) and women (5.53%) or workers with (5.67%) and without (5.92%) a formal job contract. These similarities between work-related accidents across gender and type of job contract highlighted the need for greater attention to this problem among women and informal workers, who are largely ignored in official statistics.