PubMed · 12265804
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N D Goldstuck. 1983. Delayed postcoital IUD insertion.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12265804/
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The objective of this study was to present a classification of the root development stage of female rat molar teeth and to evaluate the variation in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and electrophoretic isoenzyme profile according to the stage of root development of the molar teeth. We also studied the LDH activity and isoenzymes of the pulp of incisor teeth. The stage of development of the rat first molar at the age of 15 days and that of the second molar at the age of 18 days was classified as the beginning of root formation. At the age of 15 days, the electrophoretic profile of the isoenzymes for the first molar showed a prevalence of LDH-1 followed by LDH-2. However, for the maxillary second molar there was a prevalence of LDH-4 followed by LDH-1, while for the mandibular second molar LDH-1 predominated followed by LDH-2 and LDH-4. From 18 days of age, the prevalence was always of LDH-1. The electrophoretic profile of LDH isoenzymes from the pulp of the incisor teeth at the ages studied (25 and 60 days) showed the following order of prevalence: LDH-1 > LDH-2 > LDH-3 > LDH-4 > LDH-5. These results suggest that there are variations in the prevalence of the various forms of LDH isoenzymes in the dental pulp of rats according to the developmental stage of the root.
Astrocytes are known to play an integral role in the development of compartmental boundaries in the brain and in the creation of trauma-induced boundaries. However, the physical relationship between astrocytes and such boundaries in the adult brain is less clear. If astrocytes do respect or play an ongoing role in maintaining such boundaries, a correlation between the position of such a boundary and the morphology of neighboring astrocytes might be observable. In this study, we examined the distribution of astrocytes with respect to the laminar boundaries compartmentalizing afferents to the dentate gyrus molecular layer. In addition, we attempted to determine whether astrocyte morphology is influenced by these laminar boundaries. To this end, protoplasmic astrocytes in the adult rat dentate gyrus were revealed with fluorescent tracer dyes and subsequently analyzed with respect to laminar boundaries demarcated by means of immunolabeling for the lamina-specific molecules EphA4 and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). We find that astrocyte distribution is influenced by the boundary separating the associational/commissural and perforant path afferents. In addition, we show that astrocytes in this region are polarized in their morphology, unlike typically stellate astrocytes, but that the laminar boundaries themselves do not appear to confer this morphology. This polarized morphology, however acquired, may have import for the functioning of astrocytes within the highly organized composition of the dentate gyrus molecular layer and for the overall microphysiology of this and other brain regions.
Cataract prevalence increases with age. As the world's population ages, cataract-induced visual dysfunction and blindness is on the increase. This is a significant global problem. The challenges are to prevent or delay cataract formation, and treat that which does occur. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to cataract formation. However, reducing ocular exposure to UV-B radiation and stopping smoking are the only interventions that can reduce factors that affect the risk of cataract. The cure for cataract is surgery, but this is not equally available to all, and the surgery which is available does not produce equal outcomes. Readily available surgical services capable of delivering good vision rehabilitation must be acceptable and accessible to all in need, no matter what their circumstances. To establish and sustain these services requires comprehensive strategies that go beyond a narrow focus on surgical technique. There must be changes in government priorities, population education, and an integrated approach to surgical and management training. This approach must include supply of start-up capital equipment, establishment of surgical audit, resupply of consumables, and cost-recovery mechanisms. Considerable innovation is required. Nowhere is this more evident than in the pursuit of secure funding for ongoing services.