PubMed · 14281091
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D W MILLS, G L OLIVER. 1965-05-15. CORTICOSTEROID GLAUCOMA.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14281091/
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The fleshfly, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, became an animal health problem in Crete, Greece, during 1999, causing outbreaks of wohlfahrtiosis throughout the main livestock producing regions of the island. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of commercially available drugs in order to design control strategies against wohlfahrtiosis. The test substances were cypermethrin and doramectin sc. The test animals were randomly divided between three groups (30 in each): one treated with cypermethrin pour-on, one treated with doramectin and one untreated controls. The trial lasted 45 days and the animals were inspected daily for natural infestations by W. magnifica. The first infestations were recorded on the 5th, 13th and the 23rd day in the control, cypermethrin and doramectin groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the survival curves for doramectin and the control group up to day 40, but not at the end of the study.
The prophylactic efficacy of microdoses of injectable and pour-on ivermectin formulations against larval stages of Przhevalskiana silenus was assessed in naturally infected goats in the region of Calabria (southern Italy).Sixty-eight goats from two goat farms were divided into five groups: one group remained untreated, while the other four groups were treated with microdoses of ivermectin (5 and 10 microg/kg injectable formulation and 10 and 20 microg/kg pour-on formulation). The microdoses of ivermectin were fully effective in the treatment of goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) as no larvae emerged from the warbles in the treated groups, while all the larvae emerged in the control groups. Irrespective of the type of formulation used, the difference between the treated groups and the control group was statistically significant (P< 0.001). By contrast, no statistical differences were found between the goats treated with the injectable formulation and those receiving the pour-on applications, and between the two doses of the injectable and pour-on formulations used. Given the plasma concentrations it attains at its lowest dose (0.052 - 0.042 ng/ml for the injectable formulation and 0.030 ng/ml for the pour-on) the injectable formulation seems to offer the most reliable route for the administration of ivermectin microdoses and it is acceptable for milk consumption. The introduction of ivermectin in the early eighties and the use of microdoses in some cases have made it possible to control cattle hypodermosis in large areas of Europe. As with cattle hypodermosis, the administration of ivermectin microdoses in goats is particularly interesting because of the low costs involved and the low levels of residues found in goat milk; it may thus constitute the basis for GWFI control campaigns in areas where the disease is prevalent.
This study was performed to elucidate the protection afforded by post-treatment with Betoptic (0.25% betaxolol) against neuronal cell damage after ischemia/reperfusion insult in rats. Betaxolol was applied topically after the start of reperfusion and its effect was evaluated by morphometry and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity of retinas at 7 days after reperfusion. In non-treated eyes, the thickness of the inner plexiform layer decreased markedly after a reperfusion period of both 3 and 7 days. However, when eyes were treated with betaxolol after ischemia/reperfusion injury, both the reduction of the inner plexiform layer thickness and the retinal choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity were significantly attenuated. These findings suggest that betaxolol is an efficient neuroprotective agent and prevents the retinal cell damage induced by ischemic injury in rats.